Deck 3: Clinical Assessment

Question 1

The manner in which a clinical interview is conducted can impact the information obtained.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

If a person obtains a similar score on the same test taken twice, the test is said to have internal consistency reliability.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Imaging studies can be used to confirm diagnoses like ADHD and dementia.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The MMPI-2 can be used as a diagnostic measure.

Question 5

Clinical assessment is a completely objective process.

Question 6

Therapeutic assessment and clinical assessment are the same thing.

Question 7

fMRI has been used to diagnose schizophrenia.

Question 8

A cognitive therapist will pay particular attention to a client's negative thoughts.

Question 9

Lack of awareness of assessment techniques is one reason clinicians do not engage in evidence-based assessment.

Question 10

Typically, psychoanalytic therapists use the SORC method for assessment.

Question 11

A test can be reliable without being valid.

Question 12

Monitoring one's own behaviour can be called experience sampling.

Question 13

Predictive validity is a kind of criterion validity.

Question 14

If one particular group (e.g., Inuit) score in an abnormal manner on an IQ test, it means the group is abnormal.

Question 15

Family assessment focuses mainly on early parent-child interactions.

Question 16

Test norms represent the average score on a psychological test.

Question 17

Intelligence tests are based on the assumption that a person's intellectual functioning can predict success in school.

Question 18

Psychophysiological assessment measures arousal.

Question 19

Neurologists and neuropsychologists specialize in disorders of the central nervous system.

Question 20

CT and MRI scans can assess for structural damage in the brain.

Question 21

Jim was given an intelligence test in March, and re-administered the same test one year later. His score both times was the same. This indicates that the intelligence test has

A) high test-retest reliability
B) high interrater agreement
C) internal consistency
D) none of the above are correct

Question 22

Unlike a conversation with your friend, a clinical interviewer would focus on

A) structure.
B) how the person responds.
C) objectivity.
D) how the person uses humour.

Question 23

Which of the following is true regarding interviewing the client?

A) It enables one to obtain vast amounts of information.
B) It is too subjective to be of much value in assessment.
C) It provides the most valid information in the assessment.
D) Behavioural clinicians consider it unnecessary.

Question 24

The process of clinical assessment involves

A) conducting individual and group psychotherapy.
B) figuring out clients' issues and what might improve their conditions.
C) testing the reliability and validity of a client's presenting symptoms.
D) all of the above.

Question 25

Diane was taking a personality test. The test has items that are all closely related to one another. This is an example of:

A) External validity
B) Internal consistency reliability
C) Internal validity
D) Test-retest reliability

Question 26

Joan was taking a test to measure levels of depression. All of the items covered the symptoms that are typical of depression. This inventory would be said to have:

A) High discriminant validity
B) High content validity
C) High criterion validity
D) High case validity

Question 27

Dr. Hu is concerned about cheating in his abnormal psychology class. He decides to give two different versions of his final exam and finds that students performed better on one version than the other. He concludes that the students who did poorly must have cheated off students with the other form. This conclusion is:

A) Correct - good for him for catching the cheaters
B) Incorrect - there are too many other factors that could have influenced the difference
C) Incorrect - he may not have made sure each version of the test was equivalent
D) Inconclusive - based on this limited information, he could be right or wrong

Question 28

'Criterion' validity refers to:

A) Whether a measure adequately samples the domain of interest
B) The measurement of two observable behaviours at the same point in time
C) The degree to which a measure correlates with other scales/inventories
D) The degree to which it differs from other scales/inventories

Question 29

Esther was given a memory test in January and administered a different memory test one year later. She scored almost identically on both tests. This indicates that the memory tests have

A) high test-retest reliability
B) high interrater agreement
C) alternate-form reliability
D) none of the above are correct

Question 30

Dr. Burns is concerned about whether his interpretations about his client, Lisa, are truly representative of her and how she interacts with her world. He seems to be concerned about:

A) Predictive validity
B) Concurrent validity
C) Case validity
D) Actual validity

Question 31

What is the influence of adopting a paradigm when conducting a clinical interview?

A) It guides the content of the questions asked.
B) It specifies how the interviewer obtain information.
C) It directs the way the information will be interpreted.
D) All of the above.

Question 32

Diagnosis and clinical assessment differ in that

A) clinical assessment asks broader questions.
B) clinical assessment criteria are more clearly defined.
C) diagnosis establishes the cause of the problem.
D) diagnosis can only be done by someone with medical training.

Question 33

Dr. X and Dr. Y are diagnosing a patient. After administering the SCID for DSM-IV, Dr. X decides the patient is suffering from schizophrenia while Dr. Y decides the patient is suffering from schizoaffective disorder. This kind of disagreement is an example of:

A) Low content reliability
B) Low predictive reliability
C) Low test-retest reliability
D) Low inter-rater reliability

Question 34

You are designing a new scale that measures adolescent problem eating behaviours. You decide to administer your test with the Eating Disorders Inventory, a 'gold standard' measurement instrument. This in an example of:

A) Case validity
B) Content validity
C) Concurrent validity
D) Construct validity

Question 35

Ed appears to have social phobia; the determination of this diagnosis was made by his scores on a particular measure of social fear. Scores like his have been shown in the past to be related to social phobia, as well as correlated with a variety of measures of social and occupational disability associated with social phobia. The measure Ed took would be said to have:

A) High construct validity
B) High content validity
C) High criterion validity
D) High statistical validity

Question 36

Jan is a clinical psychologist who believes that clients can benefit from knowing the results of assessment techniques as they come up, rather than treating assessment and intervention as two separate processes. Jan is engaging in

A) Cognitive behavioural case formulation
B) Personality testing
C) Thought listing
D) Therapeutic assessment

Question 37

What differentiates 'content' from 'construct' validity?

A) Construct validity relies on statistical measures to establish its value.
B) Content validity relies on statistical measures to establish its value.
C) Construct validity refers to the degree to which it correlates with other scales/inventories.
D) Content validity refers to the degree to which it correlates with other scales/inventories.

Question 38

The manner in which clinical assessment is completed depends on:

A) The presenting problem
B) The theoretical orientation of the client
C) The theoretical orientation of the therapist
D) Whether the therapist uses a structured interview or not

Question 39

Many graduate school applicants are required to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE). If the applicant were successful and the university were to correlate the scores on their GRE with their first year grade point average (GPA), a high correlation would indicate:

A) High concurrent validity
B) High predictive validity
C) High content validity
D) High construct validity

Question 40

Because interviewees often have difficulty recounting intensely personal matters, it is important that interviewers

A) have a clear paradigm.
B) establish rapport.
C) be alert to situational factors.
D) structure the interview.

Question 41

Economic pressures, such as reimbursement for a limited number of sessions, has lead clinicians to use __________ when engaging in assessment:

A) Evidence-based assessment tools
B) Best-practice guidelines
C) Unstructured clinical interviews
D) Whatever tools the insurance company requests

Question 42

In some measure, the information collected by clinical interviewers during an assessment is limited by:

A) What the clinical interviewers are looking for
B) The mood of the clinical interviewers
C) The clients' readiness for psychotherapy
D) The therapists' acceptance of the clients' readiness for psychotherapy

Question 43

You have developed a new personality inventory that will be used to match roommates in order to minimize conflict. Before you can market the test, you must administer it to several hundred individuals to establish norms. This phase of test development is referred to as:

A) Branching
B) Psychometrics
C) Validation
D) Standardization

Question 44

The reliability and validity of a clinical interview increase:

A) With the number of meeting the clinician has with the client
B) With the level of trust the client has in the clinician
C) When the clinician reveals personal information about oneself
D) When the interview is unstructured rather than structures

Question 45

The call for using evidence-based assessment techniques parallels the growth in the area of:

A) Evidence-based personality tests
B) Evidence-based treatments
C) Evidence-based clinical interviews
D) Evidence-based behavioural checklists

Question 46

Dr. Bradley was conducting a clinical interview with Harold. When interviewed together with his father, Harold stated that he had never drunk alcohol. However, when interviewed later alone, Harold admitted that he got drunk every weekend. This example demonstrates the problem of

A) unconscious factors impacting the interview process.
B) the impact of situational factors on the validity of a clinical interview.
C) lack of standardization of interview questions.
D) too much structure in the interview process.

Question 47

The psychodynamic clinician conducting therapy assumes that:

A) People are not aware of what is truly brings them to therapy
B) People will resolve their problems by observing their behaviour
C) People are fairly at ease to divulge personal matters from the start
D) None of the above

Question 48

What characterizes the SCID?

A) It is a projective personality test.
B) It is a non-structured interview.
C) It has a branching system.
D) It has poor reliability.

Question 49

Which of the following is a structured interview?

A) MMPI
B) SCID
C) TAT
D) Rorschach

Question 50

Two behavioural clinicians interview the same client. Which of the following is likely to be true?

A) The information collected will be very similar.
B) The information collected will vary greatly.
C) There will be high reliability between the information collected.
D) There will be strong agreement as to what is wrong with the client.

Question 51

You decide that you wish to use the MMPI to form a scale within the instrument to distinguish potential professional wrestlers from those without the potential to be wrestlers. Using the same method as that used to develop the MMPI, you would

A) identify items that were about wrestling.
B) identify items that distinguish pro wrestlers from non-wrestlers.
C) find all the items that wrestlers answered as true regarding themselves.
D) look for consistency among items endorsed by wrestlers as true.

Question 52

Rogers (2003) argues for importance and utility of proper structured interviews because:

A) Research is showing they tend to have poor reliability
B) Research is showing that only half of depression cases are detected in primary settings
C) Research is showing they tend to have poor validity
D) Research is showing that too many cases of depression are detected in primary settings

Question 53

The MMPI is an example of a(n)

A) projective test.
B) personality inventory.
C) intelligence test.
D) structured clinical interview.

Question 54

On the Statistical Clinical Interview Diagnosis (SCID), the severity of a symptom is indicated by:

A) Evaluating the client's non-verbal responses
B) Asking the client to describe the symptom
C) Attributing a score between 1 and 3
D) How often the symptom bothers the client

Question 55

In a clinical interview, Dr. Carlson asks Maria to describe her early relationship with her mother, and she finds out that Maria was abused as a child. Dr. Bryson later interviews Maria, and asks what thoughts she has been having about her upcoming job promotion; he discovers that Maria is very anxious about not being able to perform well. These examples illustrate the importance of _______________ in clinical interviews.

A) situational factors
B) environmental factors
C) paradigms
D) structure

Question 56

When a client is attributed a score of 1 on the SCID, what does the clinical interviewer do?

A) Skip to the next question
B) Administer another test
C) Review the question to ensure accuracy
D) Ask the same question a different way

Question 57

A clinician uses the SCID diagnostic interview to determine if Mary is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The clinician decides that although Mary has some symptoms related to OCD, they do not reach the levels of severity or duration required for a diagnosis. Inspection of her SCID rating scores likely revealed:

A) She met the criteria for OCD not otherwise specified (NOS)
B) Only scores = 1
C) Some scores = 2
D) Numerous scores = 3

Question 58

Which of the following was not a change made in the revised version of the MMPI?

A) Increase racial representativeness in the norm sample.
B) Alter the format for answering questions.
C) Alter the norm sample to reflect the composition of the US.
D) Alter items to make the content more current.

Question 59

Standards have traditionally not been established for:

A) Projective personality tests
B) Objective personality tests
C) Intelligence tests
D) All of the above

Question 60

At a university counselling centre, which question is most likely to elicit the most honest response?

A) "How often do you smoke pot?" asked by a 55 year old male therapist
B) "How often do you smoke pot?" asked by a 60 year old female therapist
C) "How often do you smoke pot?" asked by a 30 year old male therapist
D) "How often do you smoke pot?" asked by a 45 year old female therapist

Question 61

Dr. Gallagher was interpreting the results of a Rorschach test, and reported that the client was probably fixated at the anal stage because he saw bathroom items in many of the cards. This is an example of

A) the projective hypothesis.
B) the unreliability of the Rorschach.
C) the Exner scoring system.
D) standardized interpretation.

Question 62

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a(n)

A) intelligence test.
B) diagnostic inventory.
C) personality inventory.
D) projective test.

Question 63

The following projective test provides objective criteria for scoring:

A) The Rorschach Inkblot Test
B) The Roberts Apperception Test for Children
C) The Thematic Apperception Test
D) The Sentence Completion Test

Question 64

The special scales to detect lying in the MMPI are considered:

A) Reliability scales
B) Validity scales
C) Faking scales
D) None of the above

Question 65

The projective hypothesis assumes that

A) responses to highly structured tasks reveal hidden attitudes and motivations.
B) preferences for unstructured stimuli reveal unconscious motives.
C) unstructured stimuli provoke anxiety.
D) responses to ambiguous stimuli are influenced by unconscious factors.

Question 66

On the MMPI, someone who is overanxious, worrying, and full of self-doubts would likely score high on the subscale assessing:

A) Hysteria
B) Psychasthenia
C) Deviance
D) Infrequency

Question 67

Which of the following is the best example of an item that might be included in the MMPI lie scale?

A) "Sometimes I feel nauseous for no apparent reason."
B) "I enjoy reading detective novels."
C) "I have never used a foul word."
D) "I often walk after dinner."

Question 68

Revision of the MMPI with the new MMPI-2 involved:

A) Deleting the marital problems scale
B) Adding the schizophrenia scale
C) Adding the Type B behaviour scale
D) Deleting items with objectionable content

Question 69

You are being tested, and the examiner is showing you pictures and you are asked to tell complete stories about the photos. You are probably taking

A) The Rorschach
B) The MMPI-2
C) The Thematic Apperception Test
D) The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III

Question 70

Taken together, the ? Scale, L scale, F scale and K scale of the MMPI-2 are termed:

A) Validity scales
B) Content scales
C) Personality scales
D) Hypothetical scales

Question 71

Compared to the original MMPI, the MMPI-2

A) is almost identical.
B) has a much larger and more diverse standardization sample.
C) has completely new scales and norms.
D) has turned out to be much less valid at discriminating psychiatric patients.

Question 72

Which of the following is a possible limitation of computer generated scoring of the MMPI?

A) The competency of the professional reading the score report.
B) The competency of the professional who developed the computer-generated report.
C) The ability of the computer to handle respondents who 'fake-bad.'
D) The usefulness of the computer-generated report in developing comprehensive reports.

Question 73

The stimulus materials in the Thematic Apperception Test are ambiguous to:

A) Increase the likelihood that the individual is giving responses that unconsciously mediated
B) Increase precision
C) Increase rapport
D) Create discomfort in the client and thereby encourage a closer relationship with the therapist

Question 74

Critics of the projective tests have been and remain particularly concerned:

A) About their use in the classroom
B) About under- pathologizing the respondents
C) That one third of forensic psychologists use them
D) That judges often require them as part of a mental health evaluation

Question 75

Based on the projective hypothesis, projective tests' real purposes are:

A) Best made clear to the clients
B) To bypass clients' repression
C) To address the complex causes of distress
D) Not really clear to psychologists

Question 76

The MMPI detects individuals attempting to fake the test by

A) including special scales to detect lying.
B) inferring the lying behaviour from answers left blank.
C) re-administering the test.
D) examining highly unusual responses.

Question 77

Computer score reports are quite popular in scoring which of the following instruments?

A) TAT
B) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition
C) MMPI-2
D) Halstead-Reitan

Question 78

The K scale and the "cannot say" scale are measures from:

A) The MMPI-2
B) The Thematic Apperception Test
C) The Blackie Picture Test
D) The NEO-PI-R five factor inventory

Question 79

How does the MMPI attempt to determine if a particular person is responding to the test in a valid way?

A) By having a large enough standardization sample.
B) By conducting the interview in a structured and standardized way.
C) By including special validity scales to detect response biases.
D) By providing ambiguous stimuli so the person does not know which answer is right or wrong.

Question 80

The projective hypothesis is derived from which paradigm?

A) Learning
B) Cognitive
C) Psychoanalytic
D) Diathesis-stress