Deck 8: Mood Disorders and Suicide

Question 1

In DSM-5, depressive disorders and bipolar disorders are listed in the same chapter.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The number of symptoms and duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of depression is a widely accepted decision.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Persistent depressive disorder used to be known as dysthymia.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Loss of sexual desire is a symptom of depression.

Question 5

Gender differences in depression exist throughout the life-span

Question 6

Melancholic depression is typical in people with bipolar disorder.

Question 7

Attribution refers to how a person assigns blame.

Question 8

Perfectionism is associated with depression.

Question 9

Depressed people seem to be more oriented toward themselves than others.

Question 10

Research with Old Order Amish populations has conclusively demonstrated the genetic vulnerability for bipolar disorder.

Question 11

Low levels of self-criticism are associated with depression.

Question 12

Fixation in the oral stage is thought to lead to depression.

Question 13

Hypomania is a milder form of mania.

Question 14

Women are at increased risk of developing post-partum depression with each successive pregnancy.

Question 15

Typical dysfunctional thoughts often center on needing everyone's approval and being perfect.

Question 16

Living in poverty increases a woman's risk of developing post-partum depression.

Question 17

People become depressed because they are more likely to interpret things in a negative manner.

Question 18

Bipolar disorder affects men and woman equally.

Question 19

Learned helplessness theory is based on research showing that people don't learn how to avoid shock after having been unable to escape shock previously.

Question 20

It is possible to experience mania without depressive episodes.

Question 21

A manic episode typically develops within

A) One to two days.
B) One to two weeks.
C) One to two months.
D) Approximately six months.

Question 22

In studies of how individuals experience the symptoms of depression, Montreal researcher Lawrence Kirmayer (2001) has found which of the following?

A) People from Western cultures are 'psychologizers', emphasizing the emotional symptoms of depression.
B) People from most cultures emphasize the somatic symptoms of depression.
C) Chinese and other non-Western individuals emphasize somatic symptoms to a greater extent than Western people.
D) Westerners emphasize somatic symptoms more than non-Westerners do.

Question 23

Signs of depression vary across the lifespan; which of the following are most commonly seen in children?

A) Extended periods of crying
B) Severe distractibility
C) Somatic complaints
D) Complaints of memory loss

Question 24

Early detection of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can prevent suicide.

Question 25

According to Montreal researcher Lawrence Kirmayer, only 15% of depressed primary care patients in Canada tend to emphasize the ____________ aspects of depression.

A) psychological
B) physical
C) social
D) emotional

Question 26

On average, an untreated episode of depression can last

A) Between 14 - 30 days
B) A few months
C) One year
D) Two - three years

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the effects of depression cross-culturally?

A) Regardless of culture, people tend to emphasize emotional symptoms when being evaluated in a medical setting
B) Depression is less common in China due to cultural mores that make it less appropriate to display emotional symptoms
C) People from western cultures have been consistently found to emphasize somatic symptoms
D) People from non-western cultures have been consistently found to emphasize emotional symptoms

Question 28

In studies of how individuals experience the symptoms of depression, Montreal researcher Lawrence Kirmayer (2001) identified 'psychologizers.' What did he mean by that term?

A) People who emphasize the immobilizing side of depression
B) People who emphasize the psychological side of depression
C) People who emphasize the mild somatic side of depression
D) People who emphasize both the psychological and somatic sides of depression

Question 29

It is possible to prevent depression.

Question 30

The new antidepressants may be responsible for increasing suicide rates.

Question 31

Hopelessness is a main predictor of suicide.

Question 32

Which of the following is considered an uncommon symptom of depression?

A) Increased activity level; agitation
B) Sleeping more than usual
C) Sleeping less than usual
D) Engaging in more purposeful activity

Question 33

Patients with depression are best treated with a combination of therapy and depression.

Question 34

In Canada, physician assisted suicide is legal.

Question 35

Having another disorder along with a mood disorder:

A) Rarely happens
B) Always happens
C) Decreases the severity of the disorder
D) Increases the severity of the disorder

Question 36

Janet seeks out the help of a psychologist as she has been experiencing disturbances in emotion that include sadness and irritability. What category of disorders will most likely contain her diagnosis?

A) Anxiety
B) Mood
C) Personality
D) Psychotic

Question 37

Suicide risk may be inherited.

Question 38

Low serotonin is associated with both depression and mania.

Question 39

Suicidal gesture is the term used when a person engages in self-injurious behavior intended to cause death (but does not do so).

Question 40

Medication used to treat mood disorders continuously alter the levels of neurotransmitters, which is why people feel better.

Question 41

Lack of awareness of illness in bipolar disorder has been found to be correlated with

A) improved prognosis.
B) treatment compliance.
C) marital support.
D) substance abuse.

Question 42

In a major cross-cultural study, which included Canada, one-year prevalence rates for depression ranged from _____ to _____.

A) 2.5%; 6.2%
B) 5.2%; 17.1%
C) 6.3%; 15.2%
D) 1.5%; 19%

Question 43

When diagnosing a manic episode using DSM-5 criteria, differentiating between elevated and irritable mood becomes important because:

A) Irritable mood only occurs in children
B) Mood type distinguishes between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder
C) It changes the number of symptoms required to meet criteria for a manic episode
D) It changes the probability of comorbid disorders

Question 44

Major depression is also called

A) unipolar depression.
B) bipolar depression.
C) dysthymic disorder.
D) cyclothymic disorder.

Question 45

Results from the Canadian National Health Population Survey indicates that gender differences in depression emerge after the age of:

A) 4 years old
B) 10 years old
C) 14 years old
D) 20 years old

Question 46

Denise is very excited - she just mailed her first completed manuscript of a novel to as publishing company. To celebrate, she has invited all her friends to join her at an exclusive bar, where she is footing the bill for bottle service. Her friends ask her how much her advance is for the book, and she replies that she doesn't have a contact, let alone a contract - she just knows that her book is going to be a bestseller. When they ask how long it took to write it, she replies "three days." What is Denise most likely experiencing?

A) Cocaine intoxication
B) Delusional disorder
C) Manic episode
D) Borderline personality disorder

Question 47

Jack reports being in a wonderful mood. He has been very active at work lately, even working far into the night, as he seems to need only a few hours of sleep at night. He is very talkative and quickly moves from one topic to another, describing a scheme he has for making a fortune in the stock market. Which of the following would you say Jack is experiencing?

A) Overanxious episode
B) Depressive episode
C) Manic episode
D) Cyclothymic episode

Question 48

In which of the following age groups is depression known to affect males and females approximately equally?

A) pre-adolescence
B) adolescence
C) adulthood
D) elderly

Question 49

Three large-scale American studies revealed the lifetime prevalence rates for depression ranged from _____ to _____.

A) 2.5%; 6.2%
B) 5.2%; 17.1%
C) 6.3%; 15.2%
D) 1.5%; 19%

Question 50

Juan has symptoms of sad mood most of the day most days for 3 weeks, increased sleep, agitation, poor appetite, and concentration difficulties. Julia, on the other hand, has symptoms of loss of interest in activities, lethargy, increased appetite, feelings of worthlessness, and recurrent thoughts of death. What can be concluded regarding Juan and Julia?

A) Both Juan and Julia have major depression, and have it at a similar level of severity.
B) Juan has mania, whereas Julia has major depression.
C) Both have major depression, but it is unclear whether they are qualitatively part of the same class.
D) Both have bipolar I disorder.

Question 51

When in the midst of a manic episode, a person may experience:

A) Sadness
B) Anger
C) Withdrawal
D) Excessive sleepiness

Question 52

Which of the following is a new diagnosis in DSM-5?

A) Major depressive episode
B) Bipolar II
C) Dysthymic disorder
D) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Question 53

Vanessa reported feeling a lack of energy, difficulty sleeping, eating less than usual, difficulty concentrating, and a loss of interest in activities she previously enjoyed. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for Vanessa?

A) Eating disorder
B) Major depression
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 54

Which of the following people is least likely to have major depression?

A) A 45-year-old wealthy woman
B) A 35-year-old unemployed man
C) A 20-year-old wealthy man
D) A 19-year-old woman who has had one episode of depression in the past

Question 55

A Canadian epidemiologist stated in 2008 that the lifetime prevalence of depression exceeds _____ and may be as high as _____.

A) 15%; 22%
B) 22%; 31%
C) 25%; 42%
D) 20%; 50%

Question 56

Yatham et al. (2009) have found that more than _____ of bipolar disorders cases experience a recurrence within 12 months.

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 57

"Flight of ideas" refers to

A) A schizophrenic's delusional thinking.
B) A depressed person's suicidal thinking.
C) The thinking of a person with dementia.
D) A manic person's rapid shifts of topic while speaking.

Question 58

In Canada, work-related productivity losses as a consequence of depression were estimated at _____ in 1998 (Stephens & Joubert, 2001).

A) $1.7 million
B) $2.6 million
C) $2.6 billion
D) $1.7 billion

Question 59

In a given day, Alan experiences severe depression as well as episodes of extreme elation. Based on this information only, Alan

A) Probably only has mania.
B) Is experiencing a mixed episode.
C) May not meet criteria for bipolar disorder.
D) Has an excellent prognosis.

Question 60

Which of the following is correct regarding lost work days?

A) Major depression leads to more lost work days than bipolar disorder
B) Bipolar disorder leads to more lost work days than major depression
C) Major depression and bipolar disorder lead to approximately the same number of lost work days
D) Mood disorders do not typically associate with lost work

Question 61

Which of the following is false about bipolar disorder?

A) One cannot experience delusions or hallucinations
B) One can experience delusions or hallucinations
C) One can feel high and low within a day
D) One cannot experience delusions and have MDD

Question 62

Despite the fact that Icelanders are exposed to very little light, they experience low levels of seasonal affective disorder. What have Magnusson and Axelsson (1993) suggested to account for this anomaly?

A) Icelanders experience few of the other stressors associated with depression.
B) A component of the Icelanders' diets serves to counteract the negative impact of reduced light exposure.
C) Icelanders' exposure to snow is functionally equivalent to other individuals' exposure to sunlight.
D) Icelanders are genetically adapted to live with less light.

Question 63

According to a recent Canadian study (Haggarty et al., 2002), which of the following regions would be most likely to suffer from seasonal affective disorder?

A) Western Canada
B) Eastern Canada
C) Central Canada
D) Northern Canada

Question 64

Research on rumination and depression by Treynor et al. (2003) focuses on the ________ component as the key component that accounts for the link between female gender and depression

A) catastrophization
B) brooding
C) overgeneralization
D) mental intrusion

Question 65

Starr and Davila (2009) identified a form of interpersonal rumination, called co-rumination, and is described as:

A) Adolescent girls discuss and brood over each other's problems as part of their friendship
B) Has been linked with depression in adolescent girls
C) Has shown to strengthen adolescent girls' friendships
D) All of the above

Question 66

Who is most likely to suffer from depression?

A) Bob, a family doctor from Vancouver.
B) Katherine, a school janitor from Kingston.
C) Frank, an unemployed construction worker from Saskatoon.
D) Elizabeth, an unemployed factory worker from Calgary.

Question 67

Marie becomes more depressed in the winter months. She takes part in a study that involves a PET scan. This test will most likely show decreased activity in which brain area?

A) Hypothalamus
B) Frontal lobe
C) Limbic system
D) Locus ceruleus

Question 68

Iris has been feeling depressed most of the time, for the past three years. She generally feels inadequate, sleeps a great deal, has trouble concentrating, and avoids social contact. The most likely diagnosis for Iris would be:

A) Cyclothymic disorder
B) Bipolar I disorder
C) Persistent depressive disorder
D) Hypomania

Question 69

Reduced light causes decreases in _______ neurons, which is thought to contribute to the experience of seasonal affective disorder.

A) serotonin
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) epinephrine

Question 70

In a study conducted in Toronto, Sahay, Piran, and Maddocks (2000) found what percentage of women receiving inpatient treatment for depression had previously been sexually victimized?

A) 1 in 25
B) 1 in 10
C) 1 in 5
D) More than half

Question 71

Which of the following is a chronic form of depression?

A) Unipolar depression
B) Major depression--melancholic subtype
C) Persistent depressive disorder
D) Hypomanic disorder

Question 72

Approximately what percentage of people from Inuit communities in the Canadian Arctic are reported to be depressed?

A) 2%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 50%

Question 73

Who is most likely to suffer from major depression?

A) Shirley, a 30-year-old woman from Halifax.
B) Andre, a 30-year-old man from Montreal.
C) Sara, a 25-year-old female from rural Manitoba.
D) Wayne, a 25-year-old man from rural British Columbia.

Question 74

Which of the following is a chronic, milder form of bipolar disorder?

A) Dysthymic disorder
B) Cyclothymic disorder
C) Manic-depression
D) Hypomanic disorder

Question 75

Nolen-Hoeksema's research on the role of rumination and brooding in depression was motivated initially by the desire to provide an explanation for:

A) The learned helplessness effects identified by Seligman
B) The negative impact that depressed people have on other people
C) The tendency for depression to be more common among females than males
D) The paradoxical finding that depressed people seem to be "sadder but wiser"

Question 76

The prevalence of SAD in Canada is approximately _______?

A) <1%
B) 3%
C) 10%
D) 20%

Question 77

Which of the following best describes hypomania?

A) A type of mania that alternates with depression
B) A type of mania more common in dysthymic patients
C) A more severe form of mania
D) A less severe form of mania

Question 78

In Canada, what, is the prevalence of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAd) among those diagnosed with depression?

A) 7%
B) 11%
C) 15%
D) 19%

Question 79

Every winter for the past three years, Natalie has felt extremely depressed for a period of months and was unable to keep up with her responsibilities because of her low energy and difficulty concentrating. She always appears to feel better by early spring and is at her best during the summer. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit Natalie?

A) Cyclothymic disorder
B) Major depression--melancholic subtype
C) Major depression--seasonal type
D) Natalie's symptoms reflect normal mood fluctuations and would not be given a DSM-5 diagnosis.

Question 80

Starr and Davila (2009) identified a form of interpersonal rumination which is called:

A) Co-brooding
B) Co-rumination
C) Friendship rumination
D) Friendship brooding