Deck 2: Adaptation and Evolution

Question 1

Darwin was interested in marine iguanas because

A) they provided food for the expedition.
B) their behavior interested him.
C) they differed from land iguanas.
D) a and b

Answer 1

E

Question 2

An adaptation is a feature of the organism that

A) increases its population size.
B) increases its fitness.
C) affects other organisms.
D) does not include behavior.
E) does not include morphology.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following influenced Darwin's thinking about evolution?

A) the theory of uniformitarianism
B) the geology of volcanoes
C) geographic variation in species
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following was not a component of Darwin's logical argument about natural selection?

A) There is variation among individuals in a population.
B) Few organisms achieve their reproductive potential.
C) There is competition among individuals.
D) New species arise primarily on islands.
E) none of the above

Question 5

The gene pool is characterized by

A) allele frequencies.
B) mutations.
C) its DNA sequences.
D) Mendel's laws.
E) none of the above

Question 6

For a population of 100 individuals in which 60 are homozygous dominant (AA), 20 are heterozygous (Aa), and 20 are homozygous recessive (aa), the value of p is

A) 0.6.
B) 0.2.
C) 0.7.
D) 0.5.
E) 1.0.

Question 7

Which of the following is not an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg model?

A) Mating is random.
B) no differential success of genotypes
C) no competition among individuals
D) no net movement of alleles
E) no new mutations

Question 8

What is the significance of a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A) It is not evolving.
B) Selection and gene flow are in equilibrium.
C) Each genotype occurs in equal frequency.
D) The values of p and q are equal.
E) none of the above

Question 9

Resistance to pesticides

A) arises by genetic drift.
B) is an example of gene flow.
C) is the result of long-term changes in the pesticide.
D) is independent of the selection coefficient.
E) none of the above

Question 10

Genetic drift

A) always opposes natural selection.
B) is more significant in small populations.
C) is the result of gene flow.
D) depends on the fitness of the alleles.
E) none of the above

Question 11

In disruptive selection,

A) one tail of the distribution is favored.
B) both tails of the distribution are favored.
C) the center of the distribution is favored.
D) the tails and center of the distribution are favored.
E) none of the above

Question 12

Fitness is

A) a property of the population.
B) a property of the species.
C) a property of the individual.
D) independent of the environment.
E) none of the above

Question 13

The significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is that

A) it demonstrates that evolution eventually stops.
B) it demonstrates that natural selection is the only mechanism of evolution.
C) it demonstrates that evolution only happens in large populations.
D) its assumptions lead to mechanisms of evolution.
E) none of the above

Question 14

Phenotypic plasticity

A) is unimportant to evolution.
B) is the direct result of the environment on the phenotype.
C) is the direct result of the genotype on the phenotype.
D) occurs in traits with high heritability.
E) none of the above

Question 15

Darwin's theory

A) resulted from his understanding of genetics.
B) states that all features of organisms are adaptive.
C) did not include genetic drift as a mechanism.
D) was immediately accepted.
E) none of the above

Question 16

An organism's phenotype

A) is determined only by its genotype.
B) is independent of its genotype.
C) is an example of mutation.
D) does not evolve.
E) none of the above

Question 17

Directional selection eliminates the average individuals.

Question 18

Heritability and the selection coefficient determine the rate of evolution.

Question 19

Mutation pressure changes the effective population size

Question 20

Ecotypes are the result of phenotypic plasticity.

Question 21

Darwin's theory of evolution was correct but incomplete.

Question 22

Genetic drift is more pronounces when __________ is small; natural selection is more pronounced when __________ is large.

Question 23

The panda's "thumb" is an example of __________.

Question 24

The __________ states that for some species the environment changes faster than adaptations can arise.

Question 25

In Wright's adaptive landscape, the vertical (y) axis depicts the __________ of the genotype.

Question 26

The sum of all alleles in a population constitutes the __________.

Question 27

__________ is one factor that decreases the value of N_e.

Question 28

If the value of p = 1.0 we say that the allele is __________.

Question 29

If the value of q = 0.78, the value of p is __________.

Question 30

Ecotypes are most likely to arise if __________ and __________.

Question 31

In a population in H-W equilibrium in which p = 0.4 and q = 0.6, the frequency of the heterozygotes is __________.

Question 32

If there are just two alleles at a locus, p + q must equal __________.

Question 33

How was Darwin's theory of evolution incomplete?