Deck 3: Cognitive Development Across Adulthood

Question 1

Which of the following is not a major approach to studying cognition in adulthood?

A) psychometric approach
B) psychodynamic approach
C) information processing approach
D) Baltes duel process concept

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) assesses ______ intelligence.

A) performance and emotional
B) fluid and natural
C) natural and crystalized
D) crystallized and fluid

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is based on deviations from the mean and is standardized to equal ______.

A) 80
B) 100
C) 120
D) 150

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Because IQ is standardized, we would expect that the majority of people would have an IQ score between ______.

A) 85 and 115
B) 95 and 120
C) 75 and 100
D) 70 and 130

Question 5

The organized, systematic, and acculturated learning provided by society refers to ______.

A) performance IQ
B) Intelligence Quotient
C) fluid ability
D) crystallized ability

Question 6

Fluid ability is thought to ______ over the life span.

A) increase then decline
B) decrease then increase
C) increase
D) remain stable

Question 7

Researchers have found that scores on chemistry, music, art, law, and physics increased in young and middle-aged people. This shows an increase in ______ intelligence.

A) domain-specific
B) complex
C) fluid
D) crystallized

Question 8

Which of the following factors is not included in Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities?

A) social relations
B) spatial reasoning
C) perceptual speed
D) numerical ability

Question 9

Perceptual speed can be measured by ______.

A) using mathematical computation problems
B) analogies and vocabulary
C) asking people to generate members of different categories
D) asking people to perform proofreading tasks

Question 10

What is the name of the most extensive study of adult intellectual development to date?

A) the Seattle Longitudinal Studies of Aging
B) Bandura's Study of Social Theory
C) the Sandusky Scientific Experiments
D) the National Study of Aging and Cohort Effects

Question 11

Arguably the most important finding from Schaie's study of adult intelligence is that ______.

A) cognitive declines begin at age 40
B) there is a universal, true decline in cognition
C) cognitive decline is irreversible
D) cognitive decline is not entirely biologically based

Question 12

The structure approach to memory suggests that ______.

A) there are distinct hypothetical entities defining memory
B) memory does not have different stores with different functions
C) memory failures are the same across each system
D) sensory memory is primary memory

Question 13

Information in sensory memory decays rapidly within ______ s.

A) 3-4
B) 2-3
C) 1-2
D) 1/3-1

Question 14

Holding information in our memory about the day's specials at a restaurant is an example of use of our ______.

A) long-term memory
B) sensory memory
C) short-term memory
D) intelligence

Question 15

When completing a digit span task, the typical young adult can hold ______ digits in their working memory.

A) four
B) five
C) six
D) seven

Question 16

When completing a forward digit span task, the typical older adult can hold about five digits in their working memory. This is referred to as ______.

A) limited processing capacity
B) backward digit span capability
C) memory fullness
D) potential processing capacity

Question 17

Research has suggested that younger adults are better at ______.

A) recalling names
B) remembering history
C) knowing geography facts
D) having stores of personally meaningful information

Question 18

In the context of long-term memory, registration best refers to ______.

A) whether the senses are activated
B) whether the material is heard or seen
C) identification of important aspects of content
D) visualizing an outcome

Question 19

People who know more may actually appear to have a worse memory. This is because ______.

A) they become overwhelmed by all the information they have
B) their memory stores are limited
C) what they have stored is more complex and extensive
D) they have a greater storehouse of personally meaningful information

Question 20

The "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon is an example of a difficulty with ______.

A) encoding
B) sensory memory
C) retrieval
D) memory trace

Question 21

Dementia is a part of the normal aging process.

Question 22

Longitudinal studies suggest that there is an increase in intelligence with age, as measured by the WAIS.

Question 23

Research on intelligence suggests that we cannot compensate for deficiencies.

Question 24

The study conducted by Shaie suggested that how much age decreases in intelligence varied were related to the type of ability examined and cohort membership.

Question 25

Sensory memory is not really considered to be memory at all.

Question 26

Working memory is also known as long-term memory.

Question 27

In the backward digit span task, younger adults can remember about one more item than older adults.

Question 28

Memory storage is not typically encoded in a hierarchical pattern.

Question 29

In regard to cognitive aging, typical declines are most pronounced in older adulthood and very late in life.

Question 30

Those who subscribe to an information processing perspective do not focus on component processes.

Question 31

What is the definition of cognition?

Question 32

Describe the psychometric approach to studying cognition.

Question 33

What is the difference between crystallized and fluid abilities?

Question 34

What are three factors that underly intelligence according to Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities?

Question 35

What is a verbal mediator, and how does it relate to long-term memory?

Question 36

Compare and contrast crystalized and fluid ability.

Question 37

Describe how short-term memory is impacted in older adulthood.

Question 38

How does registration and encoding relate to long-term memory?

Question 39

Describe some of the major findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study.

Question 40

Describe sensory, short-term, and long-term memory and how they are impacted by age.