Deck 17: The Reproductive System

Question 1

Which statement concerning sex determination and sex differentiation is INCORRECT

A) An XY combination of sex chromosomes is a genetic male.
B) The secretion of testosterone by the fetal gonads induces the development of male external genitalia and reproductive tract.
C) The secretion of estrogen by the fetal gonads induces the development of female external genitalia and reproductive tract.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is a female accessory sex organ?

A) bulbourethral gland
B) clitoris
C) labia minora
D) ovary

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The embryonic genital tubercle develops into the _____ in males and the _____ in females.

A) scrotum, labia majora
B) glans penis, clitoris
C) penis, labia minora
D) Wolffian ducts, Müllerian ducts

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the correct order in which the glands add seminal fluid to migrating sperm cells in the male reproductive tract?

A) bulbourethral glands, prostate, seminal vesicles
B) bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles, prostate
C) prostate, bulbourethral glands, seminal vesicles
D) seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands

Question 5

Which statement concerning testosterone is INCORRECT?

A) Its secretion is stimulated by LH.
B) It is secreted by the seminiferous tubules.
C) It stimulates spermatogenesis.
D) It promotes closure of the epiphyseal plate.

Question 6

What is NOT stimulated by testosterone?

A) masculinization of the developing reproductive tract and external genitalia
B) descent of the testes into the scrotum
C) spermatid remodelling
D) development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 7

Which structure serves as a common passageway for two tracts in the male?

A) ductus deferens
B) ejaculatory duct
C) ureter
D) urethra

Question 8

Which structure below secretes male sex hormone?

A) seminal vesicles
B) prostate gland
C) Sertoli cells
D) interstitial cells

Question 9

Why are the testes located outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotal sac?

A) to permit spermatogenesis
B) to protect the gonads against injury
C) to permit testosterone secretion
D) to maintain the testes at a higher than normal body temperature for normal testicular function

Question 10

Which statement is correct for gonads?

A) They consist of a pair of testes in males and ovaries in females.
B) They produce gametes and secrete sex hormones.
C) They refer to the externally visible genitalia in both sexes.
D) a and b

Question 11

Which hormone is NOT responsible for the development and maintenance of the secondary sexual characteristics?

A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) progesterone

Question 12

What is NOT a function of the primary sex organs?

A) production of estrogen
B) production of testosterone
C) production of progesterone
D) production of seminal fluids

Question 13

Where are the sperm cells stored for maturation?

A) prostate gland
B) bulbourethral glands
C) epididymis
D) Leydig cells

Question 14

Which factor is responsible for differentiating the embryonic gonads into testes?

A) the sex-determining region of the X chromosome
B) the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome
C) autosomal chromosomes
D) male gonadal-determining factor

Question 15

What is NOT associated with sex determination and differentiation in a male?

A) degeneration of Wolffian ducts
B) differentiation of indifferent gonadal tissue into testes under the influence of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome
C) production of H-Y antigen
D) secretion of Müllerian-inhibiting factor

Question 16

Which statement concerning testosterone is INCORRECT?

A) It is secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes.
B) It exerts a general protein anabolic effect.
C) It causes enlargement of the larynx and thickening of the vocal cords.

Question 17

What is the primary reproductive organ in the male?

A) testes
B) prostate gland
C) seminal vesicles
D) bulbourethral glands

Question 18

Which statement concerning sex differentiation is INCORRECT?

A) A Y chromosome stimulates production of H-Y antigen by primitive gonadal cells.
B) Ovaries must be present for feminization of the reproductive tract and external genitalia to occur.
C) Secretion of testosterone and Müllerian-inhibiting factor by the fetal testes induces development of the reproductive tract and external genitalia along male lines.
D) Early in development, embryos of both sexes have the same indifferent reproductive tissues capable of differentiating into either a male or female reproductive system depending respectively on the presence or absence of masculinizing factors.

Question 19

Which statement concerning testosterone is INCORRECT?

A) It is responsible for the male secondary sexual characteristics.
B) It stimulates spermatogenesis.
C) Its secretion is stimulated by FSH.

Question 20

Which statement is correct for the Wolffian ducts?

A) They degenerate in females.
B) They develop into a male reproductive tract under the influence of testosterone.
C) They develop into male external genitalia under the influence of dihydrotestosterone.
D) a and b

Question 21

Which statement concerning GnRH is INCORRECT?

A) It stimulates both FSH and LH secretion.
B) It is stimulated by testosterone.
C) It has low-level activity during the prepubertal period.

Question 22

During spermatogenesis,what does the first meiotic division and second meiotic division yield?

A) primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes
B) secondary spermatocytes, spermatids
C) spermatids, spermatozoa
D) spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes

Question 23

Which statement is correct for inhibin?

A) It is produced by the Sertoli cells.
B) It is produced by the developing sperm cells.
C) It signals the pituitary gland.
D) a and c

Question 24

What is the acrosome of the spermatozoon?

A) It contains the sperm's genetic information.
B) It contains mitochondria for energy production.
C) It is a fructose-filled vesicle that provides energy for the spermatozoa.
D) It contains enzymes that enable the sperm to penetrate the ovum.

Question 25

Which statement concerning spermatogenesis isINCORRECT?

A) It occurs in the seminiferous tubules.
B) It begins with spermatocytes
C) It is controlled by both testosterone and FSH.

Question 26

Which structure consists of diploid chromosome number?

A) primary spermatocyte
B) secondary oocyte
C) secondary spermatocyte
D) spermatid

Question 27

What is NOT a function of Sertoli cells?

A) providing a blood-testes barrier
B) phagocytizing cytoplasm extruded from sperm during their development
C) secreting testosterone
D) secreting androgen-binding protein

Question 28

Which of the following female structures has a similar tissue composition as the penis?

A) cervical canal
B) clitoris
C) fallopian tube
D) labia majora

Question 29

Which statement is correct for the prostate gland?

A) It secretes prostaglandins.
B) It supplies fructose, which is utilized by the sperm for energy production.
C) It secretes an alkaline medium that is important to neutralize acidic vaginal secretions.
D) It secretes a mucus-like substance for lubrication.

Question 30

What directly controls spermatogenesis?

A) LH
B) FSH
C) prostaglandins

Question 31

A reduction in the secretion of what hormone may serve as the trigger for the onset of puberty?

A) inhibin
B) melatonin
C) adrenal androgens
D) gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 32

Which statement is correct for prostaglandins?

A) Prostaglandins are produced by most body tissues.
B) Prostaglandins are derivatives of arachidonic acid.
C) Prostaglandins act locally within or near their site of production.
D) Prostaglandins promote sperm transport by stimulating smooth muscle contractions.

Question 33

During spermatogenesis,one spermatogonium containing __________________

A) 46 chromosomes yield 16 spermatozoa, each containing 23 chromosomes.
B) 46 chromosomes yield 1 spermatozoon containing 23 chromosomes and a polar body containing the other 23 chromosomes.
C) 46 chromosomes yield 2 spermatozoa, each containing 23 chromosomes.
D) 46 chromosomes yield 1 spermatozoon containing 46 chromosomes.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a function of the seminal vesicles?

A) supplying fructose, which serves as the primary energy source for ejaculated sperm
B) secreting prostaglandins
C) secreting fibrinogen
D) secreting an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions

Question 35

Which statement is correct for the prostate gland?

A) It secretes an alkaline solution that neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions.
B) It secretes mucus for lubrication.
C) It provides a site for final maturation for fertility and motility for the spermatozoa.
D) It contains portions of the ductus deferens.

Question 36

What does NOT occur during spermatogenesis?

A) FSH is required for spermatid remodelling.
B) LH is required for spermatid remodelling.
C) Testosterone is essential for both mitosis and meiosis of the germ cells.

Question 37

What is NOT a function of the Sertoli cells?

A) secreting seminiferous tubule fluid
B) phagocytizing cytoplasm extruded from developing sperm and destroying defective sperm
C) secreting melatonin
D) secreting inhibin

Question 38

Which statement is correct for the seminal vesicles?

A) They store sperm prior to ejaculation.
B) They supply fructose to be utilized by the sperm for energy.
C) They secrete FSH.
D) They play a primary role in lubricating the urethra.

Question 39

Which statement is correct for a secondary spermatocyte?

A) It is haploid with unduplicated chromosomes.
B) It is haploid with duplicated chromosomes.
C) It is diploid with unduplicated chromosomes.
D) It is diploid with duplicated chromosomes.

Question 40

Which structure is inferior to the bladder in male?

A) epididymis and vas deferens
B) seminal vesicles
C) prostate gland
D) penis

Question 41

About how many sperm does an average human ejaculate contain?

A) 20-30 million
B) 100-120 million
C) 100-120 thousand
D) 300-400 million

Question 42

One primary spermatocyte containing _____ chromosomes yields _____ spermatozoa containing _____ chromosomes,whereas one primary oocyte containing _____ chromosomes yields _____ ova (ovum)containing _____ chromosomes.

A) 46, 2, 23, 46, 2, 23
B) 46, 4, 23, 46, 1, 23
C) 46, 4, 23, 46, 4, 23
D) 23, 1, 23, 23, 1, 23

Question 43

Which statement concerning erection is NOT true?

A) It involves dilation of the arterioles supplying the sponge-like vascular spaces of the penis.
B) It results from cGMP production induced by nitric oxide.
C) It occurs when the seminiferous tubules of the penis become engorged with sperm.

Question 44

An increase in the secretion of what initiates the beginning of the ovarian cycle?

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) LH
D) FSH

Question 45

Which statement concerning spermatogenesis and oogenesis is INCORRECT?

A) One primary spermatocyte or one primary oocyte containing 46 chromosomes respectively yields two spermatozoa or two ova, each containing 23 chromosomes.
B) There is a continual supply of spermatogonia through mitotic activity.
C) The first meiotic division involved in oogenesis is completed just prior to ovulation.
D) It takes anywhere from about 11 to 50 years for the process of oogenesis to be completed.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a component of the overall ejaculatory response?

A) Arterioles supplying the penis dilate, causing the erectile tissue to fill with blood and the penis to become erect.
B) The smooth muscles of the prostate, reproductive ducts, and seminal vesicles contract, resulting in emission.
C) Semen is expelled from the penis by a series of rapid contractions of skeletal muscles at the base of the penis.
D) Rhythmical contractions and accompanying systemic responses are associated with a pleasant sensation known as orgasm.

Question 47

What is LH NOT responsible for?

A) reinitiation of meiosis in the oocytes of developing follicles
B) promoting estrogen synthesis by the follicular cells
C) triggering ovulation

Question 48

Which statement is correct for the corpus luteum?

A) It develops from the polar body after ovulation.
B) It develops from the fertilized ovum through a process of division and differentiation.
C) It develops from the ruptured follicle after ovulation.
D) During pregnancy, it is stimulated by estrogen and progesterone secretion from the placenta.

Question 49

Ovulation occurs with peak concentrations of which of the following secreted into the blood?

A) estrogen
B) FSH
C) LH
D) progesterone

Question 50

Which of the following statements is not true about polar bodies being formed in oogenesis?

A) to produce four gametes each with adequate amounts of nutrients
B) to produce one functional gamete with maximal nutrient content
C) to dispose of extra chromosomes

Question 51

Which statement concerning oogenesis is correct?

A) The first meiotic division occurs just prior to ovulation, and the second meiotic division is triggered by fertilization.
B) Oogenesis is triggered by release of GnRH.
C) Ogonia proliferate mitotically throughout the reproductive life of a female.
D) a and b

Question 52

What happens during oogenesis?

A) Thousands of primary oocytes are formed.
B) One primary oocyte yields 16 mature ova.
C) One primary oocyte yields one mature ovum.
D) Each ovum contains 46 chromosomes at the time of ovulation.

Question 53

What is the proper sequence of phases in the sexual response cycle?

A) plateau, excitement, orgasmic, resolution
B) excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution
C) plateau, orgasmic, excitement, resolution
D) resolution, plateau, orgasmic, excitement

Question 54

Which statement is correct for FSH?

A) It is an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates antrum formation in developing ovarian follicles.
B) It is produced by developing ovarian follicles.
C) It is sometimes referred to as ICSH in males.
D) It is secreted only in females.

Question 55

Which statement is correct for prostaglandins?

A) They are present in the semen and are secreted by the prostate gland.
B) They may be involved in sperm transport within both the male and female reproductive tracts.
C) They exert a powerful inhibitory effect on uterine musculature.
D) They exert influences only on the reproductive system.

Question 56

Which is the correct sequence of the structures sperm travels through prior to ejaculation?

A) ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra
B) urethra, ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct
C) epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D) epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

Question 57

Which of the following is correct concerning the number of primary oocytes in a female?

A) The number is decreased continually throughout her reproductive life from puberty to menopause.
B) The number is constant during her reproductive life because those that are lost are continuously replaced by an equal number of new primary oocytes.
C) The number increases at the time of menopause.
D) The number contains haploid number of chromosomes.

Question 58

Which layer of the uterus is shed each month with menstruation?

A) stratum functionalis of endometrium
B) myometrium
C) perimetrium
D) stratum basalis of endometrium

Question 59

What does NOT occur in the female sexual response cycle?

A) erection
B) tightening of the outer third of the vagina
C) "tenting" of the upper two-thirds of the vagina

Question 60

GnRH is secreted from the _____ and stimulates _____ secretion.

A) anterior pituitary, FSH
B) anterior pituitary, ADH
C) posterior pituitary, FSH
D) posterior pituitary, LH

Question 61

During fertilization,sperm bind to specific receptor sites on the surface of what?

A) zona pellucida
B) corona radiata
C) plasma membrane of the ovum
D) polar body

Question 62

What does NOT initiate menstruation?

A) a rapid increase in estrogen levels
B) a rapid drop in estrogen levels
C) a rapid drop in progesterone levels

Question 63

Which statement is INCORRECT for implantation?

A) It is accomplished as the trophoblastic cells break down the endometrial tissue.
B) It occurs during the secretory, or progestational, phase of the menstrual cycle.
C) It occurs within 24 hours after ovulation.

Question 64

What is the normal site of fertilization?

A) ovary
B) uterus
C) oviduct
D) vagina

Question 65

During which phase of the uterine cycle is the secretion of progesterone at a significant level?

A) menstrual phase
B) proliferative phase
C) secretory, or progestational, phase

Question 66

Which ovarian hormone is secreted during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A) FSH
B) estrogen
C) progesterone
D) LH

Question 67

During the secretory phase,if the corpus luteum secretes high levels of estrogen what are the levels of progesterone?

A) high
B) low
C) coprus luteum does not secret estrogen.

Question 68

Which statement is NOT true for the trophoblast?

A) It is destined to become the fetus.
B) It is responsible for accomplishing implantation.
C) It is destined to become the fetal portion of the placenta.

Question 69

Which statement concerning control of ovarian hormone secretion is INCORRECT?

A) Low levels of estrogen inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary in negative-feedback fashion.
B) Under the influence of estrogen from developing follicles, FSH and LH secretion both continue to decline throughout the follicular phase.
C) Both estrogen and progesterone are required to completely inhibit tonic LH secretion.
D) A high level of estrogen stimulates LH secretion and initiates the LH surge.

Question 70

What does NOT characterizes fertilization?

A) a sperm's fertilin proteins binding to the ovum's integrin molecules
B) a block to polyspermy
C) multiple sperms penetrating the ovum

Question 71

Which of the following does NOT occur during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A) the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle
B) the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle
C) estrogen secretion
D) progesterone secretion

Question 72

When does implantation normally occur?

A) in the oviduct.
B) about three days after fertilization.
C) during the secretory, or progestational, phase.
D) about three days before fertilization

Question 73

Which hormone is NOT secreted by the corpus luteum?

A) FSH
B) estrogen
C) progesterone
D) both estrogen and progesterone

Question 74

What does NOT occur during the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?

A) A new ovarian follicular phase is beginning.
B) Estrogen and progesterone levels reach their highest concentration.
C) Vasoconstriction of the uterine vessels occurs in response to release of a uterine prostaglandin.

Question 75

Which factor does NOT contribute to follicular development and estrogen secretion?

A) FSH
B) LH
C) progesterone

Question 76

Which is NOT true of the proliferative phase of the menstrual (uterine)cycle ?

A) occurs when the ovarian cycle is in the follicular phase.
B) lasts from menstruation to ovulation.
C) occurs when the endometrium is shedding

Question 77

What happens in the blastocyst?

A) The trophoblast is destined to become the fetus.
B) The trophoblast is destined to become the fetal portion of the placenta.
C) The trophoblast is destined to become the inner cell mass.
D) The blastocoele serves the functions of the digestive system, lungs, and kidneys for the fetus.

Question 78

Which statement concerning implantation is INCORRECT?

A) Implantation is accomplished by enzymatic activity of the trophoblastic layer of the blastocyst.
B) The endometrium at the site of implantation is converted into the nutrient-rich decidua.
C) Implantation occurs within 24 hours after fertilization.

Question 79

Which of the following hormones causes the endometrial glands to fill with glycogen and endometrial blood vessels to become more numerous?

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) FSH
D) LH

Question 80

What is the proper sequence of the menstrual (uterine)cycle?

A) menstrual phase, progestational phase, proliferative phase, ovulation
B) menstrual phase, proliferative phase, ovulation, progestational phase
C) proliferative phase, menstrual phase, ovulation, progestational phase
D) ovulation, menstrual phase, proliferative phase, progestational phase