Deck 1: Sexuality: Pathways to Understanding

Question 1

Which of the following is not a reason for studying human sexuality?

A) To improve one's knowledge of the genital organs
B) To be able to educate others about sexuality
C) To become the resident "sexpert"
D) To acquire information about contraception
E) To learn about sexual diversity

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The Swiss zoologist who first described the entry of spermatozoa into an ovum was conducting a(n) _______ study.

A) observational
B) experimental
C) demographic
D) ethnographic
E) genetics

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The idea that sexual morality should be based on the happiness or suffering it causes for the individuals involved was first proposed by

A) Aristotle.
B) St. Thomas Aquinas.
C) Jeremy Bentham.
D) Mary Wollstonecraft.
E) the Victorians.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Richard von Krafft-Ebing's book Psychopathia Sexualis was based on

A) scientific observation in the laboratory.
B) the author's autobiography.
C) psychoanalytic theory.
D) questionnaires and statistical sampling.
E) study of individual case histories.

Question 5

Psychopathia Sexualis (1886), a best-selling book of case histories illustrating a variety of sexual deviations, was written by

A) Magnus Hirschfeld.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
D) Alfred Kinsey.
E) Margaret Sanger.

Question 6

Masters and Johnson's book, _______, describes techniques for ameliorating sexual problems.

A) On Our Backs
B) Human Sexual Inadequacy
C) Our Bodies, Ourselves
D) Psychopathia Sexualis
E) Sexual Behavior in the Human Female

Question 7

Giacoma Casanova's sexual behavior reflected ideas supported by what philosophy?

A) The Aristotelian tradition
B) The Renaissance
C) Feminism
D) The Enlightenment
E) Sexology

Question 8

A man has developed a fetish for women's clothing. His therapist believes this is due to repressed memories of an event that occurred in his childhood. His therapist has been influenced by the ideas of

A) Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
B) Havelock Ellis.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Alfred Kinsey.
E) Virginia Johnson.

Question 9

You have noticed that with aging a body's physiology changes and this can be accompanied by decreased sexual arousal. What book would be the most likely to inform you if this was true?

A) Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
B) Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
C) The Kinsey Report
D) Human Sexual Inadequacy
E) Psychopathia Sexualis

Question 10

Alfred Kinsey's famous sex survey resulted in the publication of

A) On Our Backs.
B) Sexual Behavior in the Human Female.
C) Our Bodies, Ourselves.
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
E) Psychopathia Sexualis.

Question 11

Which of the following books presented the first comprehensive description of how human bodies function during sexual acts?

A) Human Sexual Inadequacy
B) Human Sexual Response
C) Psychopathia Sexualis
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
E) Our Bodies, Ourselves

Question 12

An early theory that sexual desires are focused in the unconscious mind, especially during childhood, was proposed by

A) Magnus Hirschfeld.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
D) Alfred Kinsey.
E) Margaret Sanger.

Question 13

The most famous sex surveys in the United States were conducted in the 1940s by

A) Magnus Hirschfeld.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Masters and Johnson.
D) Alfred Kinsey.
E) Margaret Sanger.

Question 14

The sex researcher who observed sexual behavior between partners in the laboratory was

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Virginia Johnson.
C) Magnus Hirschfeld.
D) Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
E) Margaret Sanger.

Question 15

An early theory that people have a genetic predisposition to same-sex or opposite-sex attraction was proposed by

A) Magnus Hirschfeld.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Richard von Krafft-Ebing.
D) Alfred Kinsey.
E) William Masters.

Question 16

An earliest sexologist who took a psychobiological approach to understanding sexual orientation was

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Magnus Hirschfeld.
C) Bronislaw Malinowski.
D) Margaret Mead.
E) Camille Paglia.

Question 17

The work of Bronislaw Malinowski and Margaret Mead revealed that

A) sexuality differs across cultures.
B) sexuality differs across social class.
C) patrilineal societies are more sexually permissive than matrilineal societies.
D) matrilineal societies are more sexually permissive than patrilineal societies.
E) Both a and b

Question 18

Which of the following terms did Freud use to describe mental states in which adult sexual desires are directed toward atypical targets?

A) Perversion
B) Neurosis
C) Unconscious mind
D) Psychoanalytic
E) Oedipus complex

Question 19

The feminist movement of the 1970s emphasized which of the following factors to explain the differences between the sexes?

A) Their differing reproductive functions
B) Anatomical differences
C) Socialization established by learning and culture
D) Biological predisposition
E) Religion

Question 20

_______ campaigned for women's rights to learn about and use contraceptives.

A) Camille Paglia
B) Virginia Johnson
C) Carol Gilligan
D) Susie Bright
E) Margaret Sanger

Question 21

_______ asserted that women are fundamentally superior to men in terms of nurturing behavior.

A) Margaret Sanger
B) Germaine Greer
C) Carol Gilligan
D) Susie Bright
E) Camille Paglia

Question 22

There has/have been _______ major period(s) of feminism in the United States.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 23

In terms of their theories of sexuality, third-wave feminists share much in common with

A) endocrinologists.
B) sociologists.
C) evolutionary biologists.
D) Enlightenment philosophers.
E) biomedical researchers.

Question 24

The book _______ was published by the Boston Women's Health Collective in 1970.

A) Sexual Behavior in the Human Female
B) The Kinsey Report
C) Our Bodies, Ourselves
D) Human Sexual Inadequacy
E) Psychopathia Sexualis

Question 25

Which of the following feminists was emphatic that sex differences lack any biological basis?

A) Margaret Sanger
B) Germaine Greer
C) Carol Gilligan
D) Camille Paglia
E) Susie Bright

Question 26

Which of the following feminist thinkers emphasized the idea that sexual orientation is biologically determined?

A) Margaret Sanger
B) Germaine Greer
C) Carol Gilligan
D) Susie Bright
E) Margaret Mead

Question 27

Feminist activists of the _______ period of feminism concentrated on women's rights to understand and control the reproductive function of their bodies.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth

Question 28

The birth of the first "test-tube baby" occurred in

A) 1958.
B) 1968.
C) 1978.
D) 1988.
E) 1998.

Question 29

The discovery of _______ hormones made possible the development of the contraceptive pill.

A) endocrine
B) male
C) neurotransmitter
D) sex
E) matrilineal

Question 30

To date, more than _______ babies have been born as a result of in vitro fertilization techniques.

A) 400
B) 4,000
C) 40,000
D) 400,000
E) 4 million

Question 31

The study of sexuality that emphasizes underlying mechanisms is the _______ approach.

A) biomedical
B) psychiatric
C) psychological
D) feminist
E) evolutionary

Question 32

_______ study the endocrinology and genetic mechanisms of sexuality.

A) Ethnographers
B) Biomedical researchers
C) Cultural anthropologists
D) Sociologists
E) Cognitive psychologists

Question 33

The biological mechanisms that explain differences in behavior between human males and females have been identified by means of _______ and _______.

A) rodent studies; behavior modification
B) rodent studies; psychoanalysis
C) primate studies; ethnographic studies
D) primate studies; endocrinology
E) primate studies; sex surveys

Question 34

In studies of the various factors that predispose men to sexual violence, a social psychologist might examine the effects of _______, whereas an endocrinologists might examine the influence of _______.

A) violent movies; testosterone
B) romantic novels; testosterone
C) violent movies; genes
D) romantic novels; genes
E) religion; genes

Question 35

Quantitative research studies usually include

A) both males and females.
B) a control group.
C) primates.
D) an animal model.
E) a survey.

Question 36

Members of which demographic group are most likely to report low sexual desire?

A) Younger women
B) Older women
C) Catholic women
D) Younger men
E) Older men

Question 37

Males are generally less picky about their sexual partners than females are because males

A) are unable to control their testosterone-induced desires.
B) are able to use condoms, which are readily available and require no prescription.
C) are more likely to take risks.
D) contribute fewer biological resources to their offspring.
E) are more likely to be less religious.

Question 38

In studies of the various factors that lead to reduced sexual desire in women as they age, a cognitive psychologist might study the _______, whereas a psychobiologist might study_______.

A) influence of distracting thoughts; the genital responses of women to erotic movies
B) genital responses of women to erotic movies; hormonal imbalances
C) influence of distracting thoughts; hormonal imbalances
D) genital responses of women to erotic movies; the influence of social scripts
E) influence of social scripts; hormonal imbalances

Question 39

You run a sky diving business and want to encourage people to sky dive. An evolutionary psychologist will tell you that the best way to do this would be to advertise to a(n)

A) individual woman alone.
B) woman in a group of other women.
C) individual man alone.
D) man in a group of other men.
E) man in the presence of a group of women.

Question 40

Two types of psychologists, _______ and _______, sometimes have contradictory ways of framing their research questions.

A) psychobiologists; anatomists
B) anatomists; marriage counselors
C) clinical psychologists; marriage counselors
D) evolutionary psychologists; cultural psychologists
E) evolutionary psychologists; psychobiologists

Question 41

In societies that believe in partible paternity, women are often expected to

A) have multiple sex partners.
B) delay sexual behavior.
C) practice celibacy.
D) engage in homosexual practices.
E) have a low sex drive.

Question 42

In the U.S., sex therapists must be accredited by

A) the Society for Sex Therapy and Research (SSTAR).
B) the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists (AASECT).
C) the International Academy of Sex Researchers.
D) Both a and b
E) None of the above; no accreditation is required.

Question 43

Which of the following is a treatment that marriage counselors may use to help clients resolve relationship conflicts?

A) Teaching improved ways to communicate
B) Prescribing sedative medications
C) Prescribing sildenafil
D) Explaining evolutionary differences between men and women
E) Brain imaging

Question 44

A survey that has documented changes in U.S. attitudes toward premarital sex over time is the

A) National Health and Social Life Survey.
B) Kinsey Report.
C) script theory.
D) National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles.
E) General Social Survey.

Question 45

Which of the following is a predictive factor for a high teen birthrate in a population?

A) Access to contraception
B) Sex education in schools
C) More females than males in the population
D) More males than females in the population
E) Access to sildenafil (Viagra)

Question 46

Professionals who study sexuality by conducting fieldwork are

A) marriage counselors.
B) sex therapists.
C) social psychologists.
D) psychobiologists.
E) sociologists.

Question 47

Which of the following is not an obstacle to conducting sex research?

A) Difficulty in phrasing survey questions
B) Lack of funding
C) Difficulty in recruiting people to participate in studies
D) Lack of public interest
E) Difficulty in finding appropriate animal models

Question 48

Which of the following international organizations publishes the Archives of Sexual Behavior?

A) IASR
B) WAS
C) AASECT
D) Quad-S
E) Abstinence-Only Education Committee

Question 49

Despite strict teachings of the Church, most Catholics

A) engage in premarital sex.
B) have abortions.
C) practice the fertility awareness method of contraception.
D) engage in extramarital sex.
E) believe that gay sex is sinful.

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of a policy that is founded on moral absolutism?

A) Restricting condom distribution in public schools
B) Restricting condom distribution in Catholic schools
C) Extending gay rights to people who are not Catholic
D) Permitting abortion for people who are not Catholic
E) Condoning the use of condoms to prevent HIV infection

Question 51

Which of the following Christian churches does not ordain gay and lesbian ministers?

A) Episcopal
B) Lutheran
C) Presbyterian
D) Baptist
E) United Church of Christ

Question 52

Conservative Jewish teaching officially permits _______, whereas Orthodox Jewish teaching forbids it.

A) sex outside of marriage
B) anal sex
C) homosexuality
D) Both a and b
E) All of the above

Question 53

A major promoter and provider of comprehensive sex education in American schools is

A) the Mormon Church.
B) Planned Parenthood.
C) the state of Texas.
D) the CDC.
E) the federal government.

Question 54

Internationally, teen pregnancy rates are dropping mainly due to

A) increased religiosity around the globe.
B) greater access to comprehensive sex education.
C) increased use of contraception.
D) increased enrollment in universities.
E) greater access to abstinence-only education.

Question 55

Which of the following is not an organization promoting sex education and research?

A) Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States
B) SIECCAN
C) Planned Parenthood
D) Guttmacher Institute
E) The Abstinence-Only Sex Education Committee

Question 56

The teen pregnancy rate in Canada is half that of the U.S., most likely as a result of

A) more comprehensive sex education in schools.
B) a colder climate.
C) a more restrictive sexual culture.
D) more male than female citizens in the population.
E) an average later age of menarche among young women.

Question 57

The Greek philosopher Aristotle believed

A) inside every sperm was a tiny pre-formed human being.
B) the role of the mother was to make the fetus.
C) the role of the father was to make the fetus.
D) the uterus migrated around the pelvis and abdomen.
E) semen are actually swarming "little animals."

Question 58

Which of the following people held the most sex-negative beliefs?

A) St. Thomas Aquinas
B) Richard von Krafft-Ebing
C) St. Augustine
D) Jeremy Bentham
E) Leonardo da Vinci

Question 59

Which of the writings listed below is the "odd one out"?

A) Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders
B) Lord Byron's Don Juan
C) Henry Fielding's Tom Jones
D) Richard von Krafft-Ebings Psychopathia Sexualis
E) The autobiography of Giacomo Casanova

Question 60

Assume you are an average person of the 1880s reading Psychopathia Sexualis. Based on the content of the book, how would you most likely react?

A) With boredom
B) With shock
C) With academic interest
D) With romantic feelings and sexual arousal
E) With reverence (it's a prayer book)

Question 61

Alfred Kinsey and his colleagues published

A) Sexual Behavior in the Human Male.
B) Human Sexual Dysfunction.
C) Human Sexual Response.
D) Sexual Behavior in the Non-Human Female Primate.
E) Our Bodies, Ourselves.

Question 62

Freud classified atypical sexual behaviors as _______, the development of which he attributed to the effects of early interpersonal relationships on the _______ mind.

A) perversions; unconscious
B) neuroses; unconscious
C) perversions; conscious
D) neuroses; conscious
E) libido; unconscious

Question 63

The opposite of a matrilineal society is one where

A) kinship is acknowledged only through the bloodline of the mother.
B) kinship depends on a father being present in the family unit.
C) partible paternity flourishes.
D) newborn sons but not daughters are killed at birth.
E) kinship is acknowledged only through the bloodline of the father.

Question 64

Magnus Hirschfeld believed that

A) people all start out as bisexual.
B) sex hormones channel sexual development.
C) sexual orientation has a genetic basis.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 65

A young woman being treated for gonorrhea has been most helped by which of the following biomedical areas?

A) Microbiology
B) Neuroscience
C) Biopsychology
D) Reproductive physiology
E) In vitro fertilization

Question 66

The research conducted by Neil Malamuth and others has provided significant evidence that movies containing sexual violence

A) are more attractive to young men compared to older men.
B) cause male viewers to express more accepting attitudes towards sexual violence.
C) are sexually arousing to both men and women.
D) make women look powerless, and this is what men find sexually arousing.
E) predispose some men to be violent towards women.

Question 67

The study of how we think about, influence, and relate to other people is the focus of _______ psychology.

A) cultural
B) evolutionary
C) biological
D) educational
E) social

Question 68

Men are more likely than women to engage in risky behaviors because

A) men are less intelligent than women.
B) men are more brave than women.
C) men use risky behaviors as sexual displays.
D) of reasons currently unknown to researchers.
E) women find their behaviors exciting to watch.

Question 69

_______ generally help men and women address problems that interfere with the enjoyment of sex.

A) Sexologists
B) Sex therapists
C) Physiologists
D) Bisexual therapists
E) Physicians

Question 70

What was the "interesting finding" from the NHSLS described in the textbook?

A) People enjoy engaging in anal sex.
B) The age of first intercourse was older than expected.
C) People tend to masturbate in addition to engaging in partnered sex.
D) Men tend to experience orgasm more than women.
E) Some women find sex painful.

Question 71

Magazine-sponsored sex surveys referred to in the textbook tend to

A) be more up-to-date than large-scale surveys.
B) cover more intimate topics than official surveys.
C) be poorly done.
D) have a wider and more varied sample of people.
E) All of the above

Question 72

Jason is going on a first date with Jasmine. He thinks it is his role to prepare for a possible sexual encounter and stops at the drug store to buy condoms. Jasmine thinks it is her role to make sure that sex does not occur on the first date, so she suggests they go to the mall instead of his place for dinner. This is an example of

A) anticipatory avoidance.
B) sexual role play.
C) self-fulfilling prophecy.
D) script theory.
E) dating tension theory.

Question 73

Dr. Kerr spent his evenings for six months visiting the same strip club and watching, interviewing and interacting with the dancers and bar patrons. He found that while the dancers tend to keep their private lives separate from their work, many establish trusted friendships with the bar patrons. The work conducted by Dr. Kerr is formally defined as

A) being a paid pervert.
B) observational assistance.
C) sexological treatment.
D) ethnographic therapy.
E) ethnographic fieldwork.

Question 74

The Universal Declaration of Sexual Rights states all of the following except

A) sexuality is integral to the person.
B) people have the right to sexual equity.
C) people have the right to sexual expression without violence.
D) people have the right to monogamy.
E) people have the right to sexual education.

Question 75

According to your textbook, which of the following religions holds the most sex-negative doctrines proposed by their early medieval theologians?

A) Catholic
B) Evangelist
C) "Mainstream" Protestant
D) Presbyterian
E) Lutheran

Question 76

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) shares the same sexual conservatism as

A) Catholicism.
B) evangelical churches.
C) orthodox Judaism.
D) United Church of Christ.
E) reform Judaism.

Question 77

What is sharia and in which religion is it found?

A) Sexual love; Islam
B) Sexual love; Hinduism
C) Religious law; Buddhism
D) Religious law; Islam
E) Duty; Hinduism

Question 78

As a consequence of pressure from conservative Christian churches, the sex education programs in many school districts in the United States emphasize

A) sexual abstinence.
B) self-control and mindfulness.
C) evening prayer.
D) access to only the most basic forms of contraception.
E) the rhythm method.

Question 79

Approximately what percentage of Texas schools provide abstinence-only sexual health education?

A) 40
B) 44
C) 64
D) 80
E) 94

Question 80

Programs that teach abstinence-only and do not teach contraception

A) have surprisingly improved rates of condom use among teens in the United States.
B) have reduced HIV infection rates in California.
C) are the standard federal sexual education policy in Canada.
D) All of the above are results of abstinence-only programs.
E) None of the above is a result of abstinence-only programs.