Deck 7: An Urban World

Question 1

What does the UN expect the urban share of the global population to be by 2050?

A) About one-fifth
B) About one-quarter
C) Nearly one-third
D) Just over half
E) Nearly two-thirds

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE about urbanization?

A) The pace of urbanization picked up with the onset of the Industrial Revolution.
B) The rapid growth of cities is a recent phenomenon.
C) Urbanization has developed very differently in the more and less developed countries.
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In what period did the world's urban population exceed its rural population for the first time in history?

A) 1850-1899
B) 1900-1949
C) 1950-1999
D) Early 2000s
E) The urban population has never exceeded the rural population.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Villages arose with the beginning of farming, approximately how many years ago?

A) 14,000 years ago
B) 12,000 years ago
C) 10,000 years ago
D) 8,000 years ago
E) 6,000 years ago

Question 5

The first large permanent settlements began to develop approximately how many years ago?

A) 4,000 years ago
B) 3,500 years ago
C) 3,000 years ago
D) 2,500 years ago
E) 2,000 years ago

Question 6

Why did the urban populations first start growing at a much faster rate?

A) Farming technologies improved.
B) Trade networks expanded.
C) Rural farmers (peasants) went to find work in factories.
D) New transportation modes were developed.
E) New forms of housing emerged.

Question 7

What proportion of the world's population were urban dwellers in the year 1800?

A) 0-5 per cent
B) 6-10 per cent
C) 11-15 per cent
D) 16-20 per cent
E) 21-25 per cent

Question 8

Approximately how many cities, world-wide, have populations in excess of 1 million people?

A) 200
B) 300
C) 400
D) 500
E) 600

Question 9

Which of the following countries has more urban residents than any other country in the world?

A) China
B) Japan
C) Mexico
D) The United States
E) India

Question 10

In order for a place to be considered urban in Canada, it has to meet which of the following criteria?

A) Be home to at least 5,000 persons and have a population density of 600 or more per km²
B) Be home to at least 1,000 persons
C) Have an elected mayor
D) Be home to at least 1,000 persons and have a population density of 400 or more per km²
E) Be home to at least 10,000 persons and have a population density of 800 or more per km²

Question 11

In the United States, localities must have at least how many people to be considered urban?

A) 1,500
B) 2,000
C) 2,500
D) 3,000
E) 3,500

Question 12

Which of the following countries defines urban centres by stipulating that the population exceed 50,000 inhabitants and that 60 per cent of the housing is located in the main built-up area?

A) France
B) Japan
C) Mexico
D) The United States
E) Portugal

Question 13

Although the idea is not universally accepted, what city do most scholars agree is currently the largest in the world?

A) Tokyo
B) Mumbai
C) Beijing
D) Mexico City
E) Cairo

Question 14

Which of the following is associated with some degree of homogeneity in terms of economic status, socio-cultural characteristics, or built form?

A) Suburbs
B) Cities
C) Rural areas
D) Towns
E) Mega-cities

Question 15

In 2018, approximately what percentage of the more developed world's population was considered urban?

A) 50 per cent
B) 60 per cent
C) 70 per cent
D) 80 per cent
E) 90 per cent

Question 16

By 2050, approximately what percentage of the more developed world's population is expected to be urban?

A) 65 per cent
B) 70 per cent
C) 75 per cent
D) 85 per cent
E) 90 per cent

Question 17

Which term refers to the largely unplanned expansion of an urban area into surrounding rural areas?

A) Counter-urbanization
B) Urbanization
C) Urban hierarchy
D) Urban sprawl
E) Exurbanization

Question 18

There is a close relationship between the rapid urbanization of the less developed world and what?

A) Increasingly dense transportation networks
B) Increased regional trade
C) Environmental problems
D) Rural poverty
E) All of the above

Question 19

Once countries are already highly urbanized, how does urban growth occur?

A) Immigration
B) Natural increases in population
C) Rural to urban migration
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 20

In 1950, there were how many megacities?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
E) Six

Question 21

In 1950 there were two megacities: New York and which of the following?

A) Paris
B) Tokyo
C) Beijing
D) London
E) Mexico City

Question 22

By 1975 there were four mega-cities: Tokyo, New York City, and which of the following?

A) Cairo and London
B) Cairo and Shanghai
C) London and Shanghai
D) Mexico City and London
E) Shanghai and Mexico City

Question 23

Where are most of the world's new (post-2018) megacities anticipated to be located in 2030?

A) More-developed countries
B) Less-developed countries
C) Africa
D) Europe
E) South America

Question 24

What percentage of the Canadian population was living in urban areas in 1950?

A) 0-20 per cent
B) 21-40 per cent
C) 41-60 per cent
D) 61-80 per cent
E) 81-100 per cent

Question 25

What percentage of Canada's population is expected to be urban by 2050?

A) 51-60 per cent
B) 61-70 per cent
C) 71-80 per cent
D) 81-90 per cent
E) 91-100 per cent

Question 26

Which region of Canada is experiencing a declining urban population?

A) Saskatchewan
B) Manitoba
C) Prince Edward Island
D) New Brunswick
E) Newfoundland and Labrador

Question 27

What was the largest Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Canada in 2016?

A) Edmonton
B) Vancouver
C) Toronto
D) Montreal
E) Calgary

Question 28

Which of the following terms refers to a pronounced difference in the growth rates between a core city and its surrounding areas?

A) Suburbanization
B) Expansion
C) Core-periphery
D) Donut effect
E) Horseshoe effect

Question 29

What percentage of Canada's population lives in the Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario?

A) 5-10 per cent
B) 11-15 per cent
C) 16-20 per cent
D) 21-25 per cent
E) 26-30 per cent

Question 30

As of 2016, how many Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) were recognized by Statistics Canada?

A) 0-10
B) 11-20
C) 21-30
D) 31-40
E) More than 40

Question 31

As of 2018, there were 28 megacities. How many of these were located in the more developed world?

A) 1-5
B) 6-10
C) 11-15
D) 16-20
E) 21-25

Question 32

The most notable anticipated change between 2018 and 2030 is the substantial growth of which cities?

A) Tokyo and New York
B) Lagos and Delhi
C) London and Paris
D) Los Angeles and Shanghai
E) Mexico City and Buenos Aries

Question 33

How many megacities are there expected to be by 2030?

A) 20-29
B) 30-39
C) 40-49
D) 50-59
E) 60-69

Question 34

Which of the following is predicted to be the world's largest city by 2030?

A) Delhi
B) Mexico City
C) Shanghai
D) New York
E) Tokyo

Question 35

Approximately how much of the world's urban population lives in megacities?

A) One-half
B) Two-thirds
C) One-eighth
D) Three-quarters
E) Three-sevenths

Question 36

The development of agriculture led to the emergence of four urban hearth areas. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A) Mesopotamia
B) The Indus River Valley
C) The Amazon Basin
D) Northern Egypt
E) The Huang (Yellow) River Valley

Question 37

The earliest cities date from about 3,500 years ago and developed out of which of the following?

A) Large administrative centres
B) Large transportation centres
C) Large marketplaces
D) Large agricultural villages
E) Large coastal locations

Question 38

By 1850, the majority of large cities were located in which parts of the world?

A) Asia
B) North America
C) Europe
D) South America
E) Both B and C

Question 39

Which of the following countries has the potential to change the world's rural-urban proportions by changing their definition of urban centres?

A) The United States
B) Germany
C) Mexico
D) Nepal
E) China

Question 40

The Romans knew that urbanization was the key to what?

A) Finding solutions for agricultural surpluses
B) Increasing the influence of Catholicism
C) Providing marketplaces for goods
D) Expanding trade networks
E) Controlling their conquered areas

Question 41

Which of the following are similarities between urban hearth areas?

A) Marketplaces
B) Protective walls
C) Ceremonial features and areas
D) Fortresses
E) All of the above

Question 42

Mercantilism and the development of cities as entrepots were encouraged in Europe during which time period?

A) The fifteenth century
B) The sixteenth century
C) The seventeenth century
D) The eighteenth century
E) The nineteenth century

Question 43

In seventeenth-century Europe, mercantilism had which significant result?

A) It discouraged city growth.
B) It encouraged urban sprawl.
C) It had no significant effect on cities.
D) It resulted in the industrialization of established cities.
E) It encouraged city growth.

Question 44

Which of the following was NOT important for urban success in the industrial era?

A) Access to a large marketplace for manufactured goods
B) Access to a large pool of manufacturing labour
C) Cities located at river crossing points
D) Access to raw materials such as cotton and metals
E) Access to coal

Question 45

Which of the following does NOT refer to an entrepot?

A) It is a city.
B) It is an intermediary for trade and trans-shipment.
C) It is a city that exports raw materials and manufactured goods.
D) It is usually a port city.
E) It is a city that specifically exports coal.

Question 46

Using coal for power and transportation did NOT result in which of the following?

A) Major transportation networks
B) Increased agricultural productivity
C) Haphazard and confusing urban growth
D) Improved quality of housing
E) New textile production methods

Question 47

A city's site refers to what?

A) Its location relative to other cities
B) Its location relative to strategic locations (e.g., river crossings)
C) Its physical location
D) Its physical location and characteristics of that location
E) Its location in terms of how accessible it is by car

Question 48

In medieval times, where were cities typically located?

A) At river crossings
B) By reserves of coal, metals and/or cotton
C) Beside trade routes
D) Hilltops
E) By a large pool of manufacturing labour

Question 49

A city's situation refers to what?

A) Its location relative to other cities
B) Its location relative to strategic locations (e.g., river crossings)
C) Its physical location
D) Its physical location and characteristics of that location
E) Its location in terms of how accessible it is by car

Question 50

Matthew Blackett created what kind of map of Canada?

A) Transit
B) Sightseeing
C) Urban landmark
D) Food
E) Industry

Question 51

In an urban system, the whole can be seen as what?

A) A region
B) A country
C) The entire world
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 52

The central place theory of urban locations was introduced by which geographer?

A) Weber
B) Taylor
C) Von Thünen
D) Christaller
E) White

Question 53

According to Christaller, a central place can be which of the following?

A) A hamlet
B) A village
C) A town
D) A city
E) All of the above

Question 54

What is the ideal shape of each hinterland, within a central place system, that is far away from other hinterlands?

A) A hexagon
B) A circle
C) A square
D) A triangle
E) An oval

Question 55

What is the ideal shape of each hinterland, within a central place system, that is near to other hinterlands?

A) A hexagon
B) A circle
C) A square
D) A triangle
E) An oval

Question 56

In principle, to ensure the most efficient use of space, central places should be arranged in what shape?

A) Hexagons
B) Circles
C) Squares
D) Rectangular lattice
E) Triangular lattice

Question 57

What is meant by the term range?

A) The minimum number of potential customers to make a profit
B) The maximum number of potential customers to make a profit
C) The minimum distance people are willing to travel for a good or service
D) The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a good or service
E) None of the above

Question 58

What is meant by the term threshold?

A) The minimum number of potential customers required to make a profit
B) The maximum number of potential customers required to make a profit
C) The minimum distance people are willing to travel for a good or service
D) The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a good or service
E) None of the above

Question 59

According to central place theory, what is the range of a good or service?

A) The minimum number of people required to produce a good or service
B) The variety of a good or service in a particular location
C) The maximum distance people are willing to travel to obtain a particular good or service
D) The number of persons in the trade area
E) The range of competition for a good or service

Question 60

Which of the following statements adheres to the central place theory?

A) There is a pyramid-shaped hierarchy of centres of various sizes and functions.
B) Hamlets and villages provide low-order goods and services.
C) Towns provide a mix of low- and high-order goods and services.
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 61

Which Canadian city is NOT one of the top 10 in terms of population rank, according to a 2016 rank-size distribution analysis?

A) Quebec City
B) Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo
C) London
D) Winnipeg
E) Edmonton

Question 62

Considering the actual and projected population of Canadian cities, according to the rank-size distribution, which city has the greatest difference?

A) Toronto
B) Montreal
C) Vancouver
D) Calgary
E) Halifax

Question 63

According to the rank-size rule, the population of a centre is which of the following?

A) Proportional to the square rank of the centre
B) Equal to the square of the rank of the smallest centre in the region
C) Equal to the square of the rank of that centre
D) Equal to the square of the rank of the next largest centre
E) Inversely proportional to the rank of that centre

Question 64

Where are primate city distributions generally found?

A) Small urban systems
B) Large political structures
C) Low-order centres
D) Small semi-urban populations
E) Large countries

Question 65

Which of the following statements is TRUE about global cities?

A) They are an important node in the global economy.
B) They are sometimes referred to as a world city.
C) They are a dominant city in the global urban hierarchy.
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 66

What is NOT an economic characteristic of a global city?

A) It is home to headquarters of large corporations.
B) It is the location of many business services.
C) It has high-skilled professional office staff.
D) It is a key manufacturing centre.
E) It is a key centre for financial institutions.

Question 67

Which of the following statements applies to a gateway city?

A) It is located at a key point of entry to a major geographic region.
B) Goods and services pass through it.
C) Several different cultural traditions are absorbed and assimilated in it.
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 68

The physical and social environmental characteristics of global cities include which of the following?

A) Freedom of expression
B) Pollution levels
C) Traffic congestion
D) All of the above
E) Both B and C

Question 69

Which Canadian city is in the alpha group of world cities?

A) Toronto
B) Montreal
C) Vancouver
D) Calgary
E) Ottawa

Question 70

Toronto is an example of what type of world city?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Gamma
D) Delta
E) Advanced

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an alpha world city?

A) Paris
B) New York
C) Rome
D) London
E) Tokyo

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT among the top four global cities according to most hierarchical rankings?

A) Tokyo
B) New York
C) London
D) Hong Kong
E) Paris

Question 73

The 2018 Global Cities Index is comprised of indicators across how many dimensions?

A) Three
B) Four
C) Five
D) Six
E) Seven

Question 74

Miami is an urban centre for a region that it is not actually a part of; what region does it have significant influence over?

A) Latin America
B) North America
C) Africa
D) Europe
E) Asia

Question 75

In the next 50 years, about how many skyscrapers are likely to be built?

A) 5,000
B) 10,000
C) 25,000
D) 35,000
E) 50,000

Question 76

Compiling a list of the world's largest cities is a straightforward task since it is easy to define an urban centre.

Question 77

Most of the world population growth that will occur by 2050 will be concentrated in urban areas.

Question 78

Urban sprawl is the largely planned expansion of an urban area into rural areas.

Question 79

In the 2016 census, Canada had 35 Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs).

Question 80

The vast majority of megacities are located in less developed countries.