Deck 3: Uneven Development and Global Inequalities

Question 1

In the 1960s, the term Third World was used to designate countries in which of the following regions?

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Latin America
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following is classified as having especially low incomes, high economic vulnerability, and poor human indicators?

A) More developed countries
B) Less developed countries
C) Least developed countries
D) Developed countries
E) Undeveloped countries

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following explicitly distinguished between North and South, and rich and poor?

A) Brandt Report
B) Third World Report
C) Kuan Yew Report
D) World Development Report
E) UNHCR Report

Answer 3

A

Question 4

With reference to nations of the world, why are the terms more developed and less developed now preferred?

A) These terms are relative, rather than absolute.
B) The terms developed and underdeveloped imply that nothing can change.
C) The terms North and South are geographically misleading.
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following terms is defined as "a monetary measure of the market value of all goods and services produced within a country over a given period of time"?

A) Gross national product
B) Gross national income
C) Human Development Index
D) Gross domestic product
E) Purchasing power parity

Question 6

In comparison with more developed nations, less developed nations generally experience which of the following?

A) Higher mortality rates
B) Higher literacy rates
C) Lower levels of industrialization
D) Lower mortality rates
E) Both A and C

Question 7

Traditionally, economic and social development have been measured by reference to which macroeconomic indicators?

A) GPC or TPP
B) RNI or SIN
C) GDP or GNP
D) GRI or GDI
E) GPC or GNP

Question 8

Which Latin American country is the only one deemed least developed?

A) Colombia
B) Haiti
C) Chile
D) Brazil
E) Ecuador

Question 9

Which of the following factors account for Sri Lanka's continuing problems?

A) Slow population growth
B) Colonial dependency
C) Ethnic conflict
D) High population density
E) Both B and C

Question 10

The World Bank has grouped countries into low income, lower-middle income, upper-middle income, and high income categories based on which of the following?

A) GDP per capita
B) GDI per capita
C) GNI per capita
D) HDI per capita
E) CNI per capita

Question 11

Which of the following terms is defined as "an analysis of cultural and economic change that treats each country or region of the world independently in an evolutionary manner"?

A) Human Development Index
B) Developmentalism
C) Development
D) World systems theory
E) Dependency theory

Question 12

Which of the following is a tool that measures the relative cost of a common market basket of goods and services for comparing cost of living between countries?

A) Purchasing power parity
B) Human Development Index
C) Gross national income
D) Gross national product
E) Gross domestic product

Question 13

Why do some critics believe measures such as gross domestic product and gross national product are inappropriate?

A) They do not take into account spatial distribution of economic benefits.
B) They do not consider population displacement.
C) They do not consider vulnerability to environmental extremes.
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 14

The Human Development Index is based on which three goals of development?

A) Health, education, and income
B) CBR, CDR, and RNI
C) GDP, life expectancy, and income
D) GDP, GNI, and GDI
E) None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of Rostow's first stage of development?

A) Subsistence agriculture
B) Export-based economy
C) Increased trade
D) Rapid political change
E) Diverse industrial base

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of Rostow's fifth and final stage of development?

A) Exploitation of major resources
B) Radical political change
C) High mass consumption
D) Increased trade
E) Creation of diverse industrial base

Question 17

Which is NOT one of the categories of the Human Development Index?

A) Very high
B) High
C) Medium
D) Low
E) Very low

Question 18

Approximately how many countries were listed as having a very high level of human development in 2015, according to the United Nations Development Programme?

A) 1-30
B) 31-60
C) 61-90
D) 91-120
E) More than 120

Question 19

Approximately how many countries were listed as having a low level of human development in 2015, according to the United Nations Development Programme?

A) 1-30
B) 31-60
C) 61-90
D) 91-120
E) More than 120

Question 20

Which country had the highest Human Development Index value in 2015?

A) Netherlands
B) Norway
C) United States
D) Canada
E) Sweden

Question 21

Which country had the lowest Human Development Index value in 2015?

A) Chad
B) Central African Republic
C) Democratic Republic of Congo
D) South Sudan
E) Venezuela

Question 22

Ancient civilizations developed in some areas due to a transition from what to what?

A) Hunting and gathering to fishing societies
B) Agricultural to hunting and gathering societies
C) Hunting and gathering to agricultural societies
D) Agricultural to fishing societies
E) Fishing to hunting and gathering societies

Question 23

A relationship in which one state is dependent on and dominated by another is known as which of the following?

A) Underdevelopment
B) Nationalism
C) Dependence
D) World systems theory
E) State control

Question 24

Jared Diamond contends that basic world geography is critical to understanding the rise and spread of agriculture. He highlights the fact that unlike the Americas and Africa, Eurasia was better able to extend their agricultural technologies because its major axis is what?

A) North-south
B) Northeast-southwest
C) East-west
D) Northwest-southeast
E) None of the above

Question 25

What is the single most important factor for human geographers today to explain the plight of countries in the less developed world?

A) Lack of natural resources
B) Limited access to education
C) High mortality rates
D) Colonialism
E) Limited access to health care

Question 26

Which scholar is associated with the world systems theory that divides the world into three principal zones?

A) John P. Dickenson
B) Amartya Sen
C) Martin Degg
D) Liz Young
E) Immanuel Wallerstein

Question 27

Which of the following terms refers to the forceful appropriation of foreign territory?

A) World systems theory
B) Dependence
C) Colonialism
D) Dependency theory
E) Core states

Question 28

According to the world systems theory, Britain, France, the Netherlands, the US, Germany, and Japan belong to which of the following?

A) Colonial states
B) Core states
C) Semi-peripheral states
D) Developed states
E) Peripheral states

Question 29

Based on the 1980 Brandt Report division of North and South, which of the following is NOT a core nation?

A) New Zealand
B) Canada
C) United States
D) Australia
E) Mexico

Question 30

According to estimates by the World Bank, approximately how many people receive insufficient nourishment to support normal activity and work?

A) 0-200 million
B) 201-400 million
C) 401-600 million
D) 601-800 million
E) 801 million-1 billion

Question 31

Which of the following terms refers to a dietary condition in which an individual consumes a quantity of food insufficient to sustain a healthy life?

A) Undernutrition
B) Malnutrition
C) Food insecurity
D) Chronic condition
E) Hunger

Question 32

Which of the following terms is defined as an umbrella category of dietary conditions, in which an individual's dietary needs are not being met?

A) Undernutrition
B) Malnutrition
C) Underdevelopment
D) Overnutrition
E) Chronic hunger

Question 33

Until recently, most explanations of the world food problem have focused on which of the following factors?

A) Overpopulation
B) Physical or human circumstances
C) Inadequate distribution of available supplies
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is a principal cause of famine?

A) Prolonged period of disinvestment in rural areas
B) Political instability resulting in refugee problems
C) HIV/AIDS and other diseases depriving families of productive members
D) High birth rates
E) All of the above

Question 35

As a result of bureaucratic inefficiencies, according to a 2005 World Bank report, it takes how many days on average to incorporate a business in Mozambique?

A) 0-50
B) 51-100
C) 101-150
D) 151-200
E) 201-250

Question 36

Where in the less developed world is food aid typically directed?

A) Rural areas
B) Urban areas
C) Governments
D) The most impoverished
E) Both B and C

Question 37

As of 2019, which of the following African countries is the only one to have a full democracy?

A) Ethiopia
B) Mauritius
C) Liberia
D) Nigeria
E) South Africa

Question 38

The global food problem has a multitude of complex interrelated causes but is primarily associated with which of the following?

A) Physical environment
B) Economic inequality
C) Cultural practices
D) Political instability
E) None of the above

Question 39

Approximately how many people suffered from daily hunger in 2017?

A) 0-200 million
B) 201-400 million
C) 401-600 million
D) 601-800 million
E) 801 million-1 billion

Question 40

What are some of the solutions to the food problem?

A) Utilizing science and technology
B) Creating better food distribution systems
C) Supporting local food systems
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above

Question 41

Which term refers to an individual forced to flee their home country in the face of persecution or other threats to safety?

A) Immigrant
B) Refugee
C) Emigrant
D) Returnee
E) Internally displaced person

Question 42

One of the first large transcontinental movements of refugees was associated with which of the following events?

A) End of the Vietnam War
B) Conflict in the Middle East
C) Partition of the Indian subcontinent
D) Famine in eastern Africa
E) Political changes in central America

Question 43

Which country is thought to have generated the highest number of refugees in 2016?

A) Syria
B) South Sudan
C) Somalia
D) Afghanistan
E) Myanmar

Question 44

According to estimates by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, what is the total number of persons of concern today?

A) 0-50 million
B) 51-100 million
C) 101-150 million
D) 151-200 million
E) 201-250 million

Question 45

Which of the following terms refers to people who leave their home country and apply for refugee status in some other country?

A) Homeless people
B) Settlers
C) Immigrants
D) Emigrants
E) Asylum seekers

Question 46

Which of the following are listed under the heading "persons of concern" to the UN High Commissioner for Refugees?

A) Asylum seekers
B) Internally displaced persons
C) Refugees
D) Returnees
E) All of the above

Question 47

Today, most refugee movements are prompted by which of the following?

A) Civil wars
B) Natural disasters
C) Forms of ethnic conflict
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 48

People who flee their homes but remain within their home country are referred to as which of the following?

A) Refugees
B) Activists
C) Internally displaced persons
D) Nativists
E) Emigrants

Question 49

Most refugees move to where?

A) Adjacent countries
B) European countries
C) North American countries
D) More developed countries
E) Wherever family members live

Question 50

Which country was estimated to be the main country of refugee asylum in 2016?

A) Syria
B) Germany
C) Turkey
D) Pakistan
E) United Kingdom

Question 51

What risks are Middle Eastern and African refugees faced with on route to seeking asylum in Europe?

A) Dehydration
B) Starvation
C) Heat stroke
D) Drowning
E) All of the above

Question 52

Which countries have made significant efforts to resettle Syrian refugees?

A) Germany
B) United States
C) Sweden
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 53

Which of the following countries is NOT one of the entry points into Europe for African and Middle Eastern refugees?

A) Spain
B) Britain
C) Italy
D) Greece
E) Romania

Question 54

The UN High Commissioner for Refugees has traditionally proposed which of the following solution(s) for refugees?

A) Voluntary repatriation
B) Local settlement
C) Resettlement
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 55

Tragically, the four countries that comprise the Horn of Africa are rarely out of the news because of war, famine, and refugees. However, there is hope that the dispute between which of the two following countries has ended which will allow them to begin on a process toward greater economic and social development?

A) Ethiopia and Djibouti
B) Eritrea and Ethiopia
C) Djibouti and Eritrea
D) Somalia and Djibouti
E) Ethiopia and Somalia

Question 56

What makes countries of the less developed world more vulnerable to natural hazards than those in the more developed world?

A) Poor construction standards
B) Poor planning
C) Poor infrastructure
D) Inadequate medical facilities
E) All of the above

Question 57

During the monsoon season, which of the following does NOT contribute to the flooding in Bangladesh?

A) Dams constructed upstream
B) Deforestation
C) Agricultural practices
D) Dikes constructed upstream
E) High rainfall in the catchment areas of three large rivers

Question 58

Approximately how many earthquakes (most very minor) occur each year in Canada alone?

A) 0-100
B) 100-200
C) 200-300
D) 300-400
E) 400-500

Question 59

Which of the following forms of migration resulted as a serious consequence of flooding in Bangladesh in 1988?

A) Compulsory migration
B) Forced migration
C) Illegal migration
D) Impelled migration
E) Slave migration

Question 60

Which of the following statements is NOT true about malaria?

A) Malaria can be prevented.
B) Young children are most vulnerable.
C) It is not difficult to predict an outbreak.
D) Malaria cannot be treated.
E) The disease is closely related to local weather.

Question 61

Which areas of Africa are also areas of endemic malaria?

A) Areas of lower economic development
B) Areas of industry
C) Areas of lower social development
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 62

Which demographic does malaria affect most?

A) Young children
B) Teenagers
C) Young adults
D) Middle-aged adults
E) Elderly

Question 63

Worldwide malaria deaths are following which pattern?

A) Increasing dramatically
B) Increasing slightly
C) Remaining constant
D) Decreasing slightly
E) Decreasing dramatically

Question 64

Seven of the top ten causes of death in the least developed countries fall under which of the following categories?

A) Communicable diseases
B) Maternal conditions
C) Neonatal conditions
D) Nutritional conditions
E) All of the above

Question 65

In more developed countries almost all main causes of death come from which category?

A) Maternal conditions
B) Nutritional conditions
C) Communicable diseases
D) Non-communicable diseases
E) None of the above

Question 66

Which term is defined as a process of economic and social change involving an extensive reorganization of the economy toward manufacturing?

A) Industrial Revolution
B) Industrialization
C) Developmentalism
D) Development
E) Structural adjustment program

Question 67

Arguments have been made that rich countries should pay poor countries compensation for what?

A) Equitable food production and distribution
B) The environmental costs of manufacturing
C) Industrial development
D) Abuses inflicted on them in the past (such as slavery)
E) Programs to integrate ethnic minorities into local economies

Question 68

The Grameen Bank, a program that began as a research project at the University of Chittagong (Bangladesh) in 1976 and became an independent bank by 1983, focuses on which of the following issues?

A) Improving the status of women
B) Helping displaced people
C) Improving the status of landless and destitute people, especially women
D) Providing large loans to women
E) Increasing its clientele among the disadvantaged

Question 69

Many people in the less developed world believe that industrialization would accomplish which of the following?

A) Gaining economic independence
B) Encouraging urbanization
C) Helping to build a better economic infrastructure
D) Reducing dependence on overseas markets
E) All of the above

Question 70

Which of the following might explain the lack of development throughout most of sub-Saharan Africa?

A) Low population density
B) Long distances between major settlements
C) Incongruous political partitioning by colonial powers
D) Deeply divided ethnic nations
E) All of the above

Question 71

Which region has been identified by many as the "Next Factory of the World"?

A) Africa
B) Middle East
C) Central America
D) South America
E) Central Asia

Question 72

To qualify for a structural adjustment program, a less developed country is required to do which of the following?

A) Adopt free-market policies
B) Privatize previously state-owned enterprises
C) Reduce government spending
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 73

How does the World Bank's 2009 World Development Report explain uneven development?

A) Differences in population density
B) Distances between places
C) Political and other divisions
D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 74

In the mid-1700s, a Berlin vicar and statistician named Johann Peter Süssmilch made which of the following claims?

A) Malnutrition would take many lives.
B) The earth could feed 10 billion people.
C) Humans could find new ways of coping with problems.
D) Resources were in limited supply.
E) World population would triple by the mid-2000s.

Question 75

Which of the following writers has convincingly focused on the interrelatedness of population growth, environmental degradation, and ethnic conflict?

A) Michael Ignatieff
B) Johann P. Süssmilch
C) Robert D. Kaplan
D) Bjorn Lomborg
E) Thomas R. Malthus

Question 76

The terms developed and undeveloped are no longer favoured for classifying countries today because they seem to imply that nothing can change.

Question 77

Poverty is such a large problem in Ethiopia that many people rely on overseas food aid.

Question 78

In Haiti, bad government and lax building standards mean the country is unable to cope with natural disasters.

Question 79

It can be argued that for the less developed countries, GDP or GNI may indicate how the minority wealthy population are progressing, but tell us nothing about the poor majority.

Question 80

In 2015, the bottom ten ranked countries based on the Human Development Index were all located in Asia.