Deck 9: Sexuality Over the Lifespan

Question 1

At what age do children first notice that there are differences between males and females?

A) Around six months of age
B) Between the ages of one and two
C) Between the ages of two and three
D) Around age four

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sophia is two years old and touches her vulva with her blanket at bedtime each night. How does Sophia's behaviour compare to that of a typical two-year-old?

A) It is somewhat unusual but about 5 per cent of children do touch themselves.
B) It is somewhat unusual but 10 per cent of children do touch themselves.
C) It is normal.
D) It is highly abnormal for children of normal cognitive functioning to touch themselves.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the most commonly observed sexually transmitted infection in 60-year-old men in Canada?

A) Human papillomavirus (HPV)
B) Gonorrhea
C) Chlamydia
D) Herpes

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Every time one-year-old Ava cries, her mother immediately rushes to her and picks her up. How might this affect Ava's behaviour when she is sexually mature?

A) Ava may expect her partner to soothe her whenever she is upset.
B) Ava may prefer sexual partners who give her physical space because she felt "smothered" by her mother.
C) Ava is likely to have severe anxiety and troubled attachment.
D) Ava may not take seriously any physical contact intended to demonstrate love.

Question 5

Jonah is a preschooler and has discovered masturbation. What is he likely to learn about it?

A) He is ready to initiate sexual intercourse.
B) He should do it with others to gain the most satisfaction.
C) It reduces tension and provides physical pleasure.
D) He can orgasm easily by rubbing against things.

Question 6

What motivates young children to engage in sexual behaviours?

A) Insatiable sex drive
B) Curiosity and exploration
C) Confusion and irritability
D) Modeling parental behaviours

Question 7

If a child is given some physical contact during infancy but is not allowed to feel safely connected to an adult and thus develops difficulties relating to others, what disorder is likely to be diagnosed?

A) Paraphilia disorder
B) Attachment disorder
C) Securement disorder
D) Attention deficit disorder

Question 8

When does sexual development start?

A) Around 12 months of age
B) In the fetal stage
C) Around 7 years of age
D) At the same time as puberty

Question 9

When do males start experiencing erections?

A) At the same time as puberty
B) In the fetal stage
C) At around 2 years of age
D) At around 7 years of age

Question 10

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) All infants seek love and physical contact from their caregivers.
B) Between the ages of one and two, a child begins to notice that there are physical differences between males and females.
C) Sexual development starts in infancy.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of sexual education?

A) Sexual education in childhood can make children uncomfortable about asking their parents questions later on
B) Sexual education can begin in early childhood
C) It is best to avoid discussion of sexuality with children under 12
D) Sexual education shouldn't begin until adolescence

Question 12

Joanne and Thomas strive to be "askable" parents to their young children. What do "askable" parents do?

A) They answer any questions their children have about sexuality, but they don't raise the subject otherwise.
B) They ask their children questions about sexuality to gauge their knowledge and understanding of the subject.
C) They proactively use "teachable" situations to talk to their children about sexuality, rather than waiting for questions.
D) They welcome questions about love and relationships as long as they are not about sexuality.

Question 13

If parents discover their child "playing doctor" with a friend, what reaction should they have?

A) Parents should harshly condemn the child's behaviour to ensure that it does not happen again.
B) Parents should take the opportunity to teach the child appropriate expression of sexuality.
C) Parents should ignore the child as if nothing ever happened.
D) Parent should separate their child from the friend for at least one year.

Question 14

Maya's mother catches Maya "playing doctor" with a boy named Greg, and both children are undressed from the waist down. What do most psychologists argue is the probable reason Maya is playing this game?

A) Maya and Greg are curious about the difference between their genitals.
B) Maya and Greg enjoy sexual stimulation and have not yet learned that it isn't appropriate during childhood.
C) Maya and Greg have no idea that their genitals are different and no interest in comparison; they are simply playing doctor because they enjoy pretend play.
D) Maya and Greg have been exposed to explicit sexual activities on television and are simply re-enacting what they have seen.

Question 15

Hailey is four years old and Hailey's mother catches her touching her vulvar region while watching television and immediately scolds Hailey and tells her to never, ever do that again. How would a psychologist evaluate Hailey's mother's reaction?

A) The psychologist would be unhappy that Hailey's mother reacted this way because children should be free to touch themselves whenever and wherever they please if they are to grow up and have healthy sexual behaviour as adults.
B) The psychologist would be happy that Hailey's mother punished Hailey because research has shown that punishment is the only way to stop children from inappropriate sexual behaviour before adolescence.
C) The psychologist would warn Hailey's mother that punishing sexual behaviour can lead to the person feeling shameful about sexual activity when they are an adult.
D) The psychologist would be happy that Hailey's mother reacted this way because early sexual stimulation is linked to hypersexual behaviour in adolescence.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of an "askable" parent?

A) Nikos, who is very concerned about his child knowing about sexuality before puberty so he will answer questions with one of three responses: "yes," "no," or "you are not old enough"
B) Olga, who doesn't wait for her children to ask questions to discuss sex; she comments on sexual situations in an age-appropriate manner and also answers questions in an age-appropriate manner when asked
C) Dana, who doesn't start conversations about sex with her child but answers all questions when asked
D) Heather, who answers all questions about sexuality asked by her four year old with the response "you are not old enough"

Question 17

Dina loves playing football, but she's starting to feel like the sport isn't feminine enough. What stage of sexual development is Dina likely in?

A) Adolescence
B) Preadolescence
C) Infancy
D) Early childhood

Question 18

Jacob is being raised with lots of information about sexuality from his parents. Compared to a child who is raised with no information about sexuality from his parents, what will Jacob's sexual behaviour likely be like when he is an adult?

A) Jacob is more likely to be promiscuous when he is an adult.
B) Jacob has a slightly higher likelihood of being bisexual as an adult.
C) Jacob is more likely to make informed decisions about sexuality when he is an adult.
D) Jacob is more likely to feel ashamed about his sexuality when he is an adult.

Question 19

What is considered typical sexual behaviour for a 10-year-old boy?

A) At age 10, boys have no interest in sex and never have.
B) At age 10, boys are less interested in sex than they were when they were 6.
C) At age 10, boys often begin to masturbate and have an increased curiosity regarding sexuality compared to younger children.
D) At age 10, boys are curious about gender differences but not physically able to masturbate.

Question 20

Research indicates that a child who is well-educated in sexuality will be __________.

A) more likely to practice abstinence until marriage
B) more likely to make responsible, informed decisions related to sexual behaviour
C) more likely to be promiscuous through teen years
D) more likely to engage in sexual behaviours at an earlier age

Question 21

What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?

A) Primary sex characteristics are directly related to reproduction, and secondary are not.
B) Secondary sex characteristics are dictated by societal norms, and primary are chosen by the individual.
C) Secondary sex characteristics are directly related to reproduction, and primary are not.
D) Primary sex characteristics are dictated by societal norms, and secondary are chosen by the individual.

Question 22

Marcia's 11-year-old daughter, Tanya, has asked for a skimpy bikini for her birthday because all her friends plan to wear sexy swimwear they saw in Teen Vogue this summer. Marcia sees this request as an effect of widespread sexualization of young girls in the society. How could she respond to the request to counteract this effect?

A) She could contact all Tanya's friends' mothers and organize an intervention to make the girls understand they bring shame to their families by dressing like little prostitutes.
B) She could get Tanya a regular swimsuit for her birthday and tell her that if she wants a sexy bikini, she has to find a summer job and buy it herself, to understand the value of money.
C) She could ground Tanya for the summer, take away her phone and magazines, and disconnect the internet to cut her off from the bad influence.
D) She could try to explain to Tanya that she doesn't have to look sexy to be liked by her friends, and that her value as a person doesn't depend on what teen magazines, TV, or the Internet tell her to be.

Question 23

What term is most accurately used to describe the condition where people are made to feel as though their value or worth is inextricably linked to their sexual appeal, where they equate their physical attractiveness to being sexy, where they are sexually objectified, and where sexuality is inappropriately imposed upon them?

A) Semenarche
B) Hypersexuality
C) Sexualization
D) Marginalization

Question 24

What conditions have been linked to the sexualization of girls?

A) Eating disorders
B) Depression
C) Low self-esteem
D) All of the above

Question 25

During the last 10-20 years, there is evidence that puberty is beginning at younger ages. According to the text, what is this attributed to?

A) Genetic modification
B) Hormonal additives in food
C) Childhood obesity
D) Vitamin deficiencies

Question 26

What is the primary sexual expression among youth during adolescence?

A) Sexual play among friends
B) Sexual exploration through games
C) One-to-one person sex
D) Masturbation

Question 27

Levi and Emma recently had their first experiences of sexual intercourse with each other. After, Levi was praised by his peers for having sex, while Emma was questioned by some of her friends as to whether Levi was the right person for her to lose her virginity to. These reactions are an example of __________.

A) sexual double standard
B) gender role expectations
C) gender binaries
D) sexual scripts

Question 28

Which sexual characteristics are necessary for reproduction?

A) Secondary sex characteristics
B) Primary, secondary, and fertility characteristics
C) Primary and secondary sex characteristics
D) Primary sex characteristics

Question 29

Which of the following describes the difference(s) between puberty in boys and puberty in girls?

A) In boys, puberty starts earlier and takes longer to complete.
B) In boys, puberty starts later and takes longer to complete.
C) In boys, puberty starts earlier and takes less time to complete.
D) In boys, puberty starts later and takes less time to complete.

Question 30

Which script does dating in young adolescents typically follow?

A) The "heterosexual" script
B) The "sexual" script
C) The "bases" script
D) The "adolescent sex" script

Question 31

In Canada, what is the average age for a male or female to have intercourse for the first time?

A) 15
B) 16
C) 17
D) 18

Question 32

Which of the following is true?

A) Babies born to teen mothers are at higher risk of being low birth weight.
B) LGBTIQQ teens follow the heterosexual sexual script in adolescence but not in adulthood.
C) Sexual adjustment as an adult is not related to early sexual experiences despite "the first time" being seen as a rite of passage.
D) Media images of sexualized girls help girls to be more confident about their appearance when they are adults.

Question 33

What has been observed about condom use in teenagers?

A) Condom use decreases as teenagers get older because older teenagers feel using condoms implies they are not in a serious and mature relationship.
B) Condom use decreases as teenagers get older because teenagers switch to oral contraceptives.
C) Condom use increases as teenagers get older because teens know their partner will have had more previous sexual partners.
D) Condom use increases as teenagers get older because teenagers engage in more intercourse and less oral sex.

Question 34

What is a more common reason for having intercourse in males than females at all ages during adolescence?

A) Curiosity/experimentation
B) "Things got carried away" (sex was not intended)
C) Loneliness
D) To have a relationship

Question 35

What is the most common reason that males report not having had sex in both Grade 9 and Grade 11?

A) Wanting to be a virgin at marriage
B) Fear of pregnancy
C) Not ready
D) Not having an opportunity

Question 36

When asked about their reasons for not choosing to have sex, what did 40 per cent of Grade 9 girls say?

A) They wanted to remain virgins until marriage.
B) They had not had the opportunity to have intercourse.
C) They were fearful that they would become pregnant.
D) They were not ready for intercourse.

Question 37

Which of the following could be a reason for decreasing rates of teen pregnancy in Canada?

A) More effective contraceptive use
B) Shifting social norms
C) Better sex education
D) All of the above

Question 38

Which of the following contributes to decreasing teen pregnancy rates in Canada?

A) Better sex education
B) Greater access to reproductive health
C) Shifting social norms that provide more support for young women
D) All of the above

Question 39

Which of the following is a common misconception among teenagers?

A) It is important to use condoms, even when it is an early sexual experience.
B) Sexually transmitted infections cannot be transmitted through oral sex.
C) Sexual activity without contraception can result in pregnancy.
D) Sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted through intercourse.

Question 40

Canadian research has found that being a teen mother is correlated with all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A) Residing in the Maritimes
B) Low socioeconomic status
C) Being single
D) Residing in the western Prairies

Question 41

Tricia has been invited to a "rainbow party." What can she expect when she arrives?

A) A gathering of teens where having intercourse with multiple partners is expected
B) A gathering of teens engaging in oral sex
C) A gathering of teens who are "coming out" as LGBTQ+ for the first time
D) A gathering of teens engaging in same-sex sexual activities

Question 42

In Canada, sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates in teenagers have increased in recent years. What maybe be causing this increase?

A) Decrease in condom use
B) Belief that STIs aren't transmitted through oral sex
C) Prioritizing pregnancy prevention over STI prevention
D) All of the above

Question 43

Taylor, a 17-year-old boy, has been attracted only to boys since puberty, but he's been going out only with girls. What could be the reasons for his dating practices?

A) His male friends at school call each other "gay" or "faggot" as an insult.
B) He lives in a small community and hasn't met any other gay boys.
C) He heard his father say that he hates and despises gay men.
D) All of the above

Question 44

Alec is a high-school student in a relationship with Sara. They have experimented sexually together, even though Alec feels that he is more attracted to men than women. What reason might he have to continue his relationship with Sara?

A) He wants to fit in with his peers.
B) He wants to explore his sexuality before being in a same-sex relationship.
C) He is afraid of being bullied.
D) All of the above

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT true of levels of interest in sex?

A) Some women desire a lot of sex.
B) Some men prefer to have sex only within a monogamous relationship.
C) Men are more interested in having sex with many different partners than women.
D) All of the above are true

Question 46

Approximately what percentage of gay male teens report engaging in sex only with other males during a given year?

A) 25 per cent
B) 55 per cent
C) 75 per cent
D) 95 per cent

Question 47

When surveyed, which group(s) of teens reported having sex with members of both sexes in the past year?

A) Gay and lesbian teens
B) Bisexual teens
C) Heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian, and gay teens
D) Heterosexual teens

Question 48

What is an accurate description about the sexual needs of Canadian men in young adulthood?

A) All young men go through a phase where most of their behaviour is motivated by sexual needs.
B) There is a lot of variability in sexual interest and activity.
C) Most young men are very interested in sex.
D) Most young men are interested in the status sexual activity brings more than the sexual act itself.

Question 49

Casual sex among adults __________.

A) is about the same in terms of level of acceptance compared to previous years
B) is increasingly accepted and may serve as a "test drive" for committed relationships
C) is generally shunned in North America and serves only for sexual release
D) is rare among most adults in favour of more traditional models of sexuality, and serves mainly to harm committed relationships

Question 50

What is true about males' and females' definitions of the four "types" of casual sex that are identified in the text?

A) Females agree with males on all the definitions except the "friends with benefits" category, which females consider to be a possible precursor to a romantic relationship and males do not.
B) Males agree with females on all the definitions except for the "fuck buddies" category, which they say is the same as "friends with benefits."
C) Females only classify "one night stands" as casual sex and disagree with males on the definitions of the other three types of casual sex.
D) Males and females agree on the definitions of all four types of casual sex.

Question 51

Which of the following is true concerning sexual activity among people with disabilities and their caregivers?

A) Sexual activity can be affected by a lack of privacy that accompanies the lifestyle of many people with physical disabilities.
B) Sexual activity is usually not possible for people with disabilities.
C) It is always the caregiver's responsibility to ensure that people with severe mental disabilities do not engage in risky sexual activity.
D) The fact that a caregiver may feel uncomfortable assisting in enabling sexual activity for the disabled person they care for is not an important issue.

Question 52

According to research discussed in your text, what factor seems to influence how likely it is for an Asian-Canadian female to engage in premarital sex?

A) Assimilation with Western culture
B) Province of residence
C) Level of education
D) Socioeconomic status

Question 53

What impact does level of education have on premarital sex in India?

A) Education level has an impact on rates of premarital sex for men but not for women in India.
B) Women with less education are more likely to have intercourse before marriage than girls with more education.
C) Education has very little impact on whether a woman has premarital sex in India.
D) Women with less education are less likely to have intercourse before marriage than girls with more education.

Question 54

In Ethiopia, which people are less likely to participate in premarital sex?

A) Those who are older
B) Those who are less educated
C) Those who drink alcohol
D) Those who have less traditional values

Question 55

Researchers at the University of British Columbia surveyed European-Canadian and Asian-Canadian students and suggested that __________.

A) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture have more opportunity to increase their sexual knowledge and comfort
B) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture more often select sexual partners from among new immigrants
C) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture are more prone to sexual dysfunction and deviant behaviours
D) young people who identify more strongly with Western culture are confused about sexual norms without the support of strong conservative values

Question 56

Among people aged 25-29, __________ people have more sex than __________ people.

A) dating; cohabiting or married
B) married; cohabiting or dating
C) cohabiting; dating or married
D) married or cohabiting; dating

Question 57

Louise is 27 and has been dating John for a couple of years. Her grandmother keeps telling her she should get married because she will soon be past her prime. Her grandmother was married and had two children by the time she turned 27, while Louise is wasting her time on dating. Should Louise listen to her grandmother?

A) Louise should make sure she gets married before she turns 30 because Canadian statistics indicate that couples who marry in their thirties are more likely to divorce than those who marry in their twenties.
B) Her grandmother is right. Louise is past the current Canadian average, which is the age of 25, for a woman's first marriage.
C) Louise can tell her grandmother that times have changed. In her grandmother's youth women did indeed get married in their early twenties, but nowadays the average age for marriage is closer to 30.
D) Louise can tell her grandmother that nowadays it is actually better to marry later because studies show that women in their thirties tend to find wealthier partners.

Question 58

What is one possible disadvantage to a common-law union compared to a legal marriage?

A) Common-law spouses cannot share pensions.
B) If the relationship ends, the lower-income earner is not entitled to spousal support.
C) If the relationship ends and there are children from the relationship, the father has no custody rights.
D) Spouses cannot share health benefits.

Question 59

Which of the following is true about couples who live together before getting married compared to couples who do not live together before getting married?

A) They are more likely to have children.
B) The are more likely to divorce.
C) They are less likely to divorce.
D) The are less likely to have children.

Question 60

In Canada, what are the potential drawbacks for people who remain in common-law relationships instead of marrying?

A) The bonds of marriage are not in place to help support the marriage through infidelity.
B) Property acquired during the course of the relationship is not automatically shared and financial protection for the lower income earner is not guaranteed by law.
C) Most health and dental packages are not shared between cohabitating partners.
D) People in common-law relationships are not afforded the same legal rights in most cases.

Question 61

Sexual satisfaction among married couples is closely associated with __________.

A) masturbatory satisfaction
B) financial satisfaction
C) cohabitation satisfaction
D) marital satisfaction

Question 62

Frida and Giselle have been married for seven years and report having a happy marriage. Which of the following statements are they most likely to make?

A) Their sexual relationship has become routine.
B) They want to have sex at the same rate as their partner.
C) They have more sex now than when they began their relationship.
D) They don't argue.

Question 63

Which of the following models best describes a situation in which marital satisfaction is positive, the rewards outweigh the costs of the relationship, the expectations of the rewards and costs in the relationships are being met, and there is perceived equality between the rewards and costs for each partner?

A) Evolutionary psychology
B) Social scripts model
C) Interpersonal exchange model
D) Social structural model

Question 64

David and Frieda have been married for 13 years, but they have decided to get a divorce. Which of the following is mostly likely true?

A) They have both been married before.
B) They married young.
C) They are not religious.
D) Any of the above is likely to be true.

Question 65

Which of the following correlations best describes marriages?

A) People who are happy in their sex lives are dissatisfied in their marriages.
B) People who are happy in their sex lives are happy in their marriages.
C) People who are dissatisfied in their sex lives are happy in their marriages.
D) All of the above

Question 66

What is the general conclusion of research related to long-distance dating relationships (LDDR)?

A) Happiness in an LDDR is primarily related to how geographically close the couple is to one another.
B) A couple in an LDDR is more likely to break up than a couple in a geographically close relationship.
C) Anxiety and attachment styles may have a significant impact on the success of an LDDR.
D) Happiness in an LDDR is primarily related to how often the couple sees each other.

Question 67

When married people in Canada are asked what the most important aspect of their relationship is, what do most say?

A) The similarity in religious views is most important.
B) The quality of the friendship is most important.
C) Whether the partner is a good parent and/or provider is most important.
D) The quality of the sexual relationship is most important.

Question 68

What was the result of a 2010 survey conducted by MacIntosh, Reissing, and Andruff, who interviewed married same-sex couples five years after their marriages were made legal?

A) The couples reported higher marital satisfaction that different-sex couples married for the same amount of time.
B) The couples reported lower marital satisfaction than was reported for opposite-sex married couples married for the same amount of time.
C) The divorce rate for same-sex couples was the same as the divorce rate for opposite-sex couples, although for couples still married, marital satisfaction was the same.
D) The couples reported almost identical positive and negative aspects to marriage as opposite-sex married couples married for the same amount of time.

Question 69

Approximately what percentage of married men report having extramarital sex?

A) 2 to 5 per cent
B) 5 to 10 per cent
C) 10 to 15 per cent
D) 22 to 25 per cent

Question 70

Which of the following is a predictor for someone having a sexual relationship outside of a long-term relationship?

A) Having less education
B) Being more religious
C) Being female
D) Having more education

Question 71

In Canada, what proportion of marriages end in divorce?

A) More than one-quarter
B) More than one-third
C) More than half
D) More than three quarters

Question 72

Which of the following is true about people's responses when they find out about infidelity?

A) Males are more upset by emotional infidelity and females are more upset by physical infidelity.
B) Females are more upset by emotional infidelity and males are more upset by physical infidelity.
C) Both males and females are most upset by emotional infidelity.
D) Both males and females are most upset by physical infidelity.

Question 73

Since same-sex couples have only had the right to marry in Canada since 2005, marital satisfaction is somewhat difficult to measure. Despite this, early research suggests that same-sex couples are experiencing __________.

A) higher than average levels of relationship satisfaction
B) average levels of relationship satisfaction
C) lower than average levels of relationship satisfaction
D) significantly lower than average levels of relationship satisfaction

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of someone who engages in extradyadic sex?

A) Educated
B) Male
C) Blue-collar worker
D) Less religious

Question 75

Couples who together engage in consensual extradyadic sex with other partners are often known as __________.

A) friends with benefits
B) swingers
C) philanderers
D) polygamous

Question 76

Maya and Caleb are in a long-term committed relationship. They have agreed to a non-monogamous relationship and each of them can have sex with other people within certain parameters. Which of the following best describes their situation?

A) Open relationship
B) Swingers
C) Polyamorous
D) Polygamous

Question 77

For most older adults, sex __________.

A) should not be talked about and should happen infrequently
B) happens rarely and therefore is given little consideration as they age
C) is a thing of the past
D) is an integral part of their lives

Question 78

In a global study of the effects of aging on sexual functioning, what change(s) in female sexual functioning did researchers conclude was definitely caused by aging?

A) Decrease in frequency of orgasm and vasocongestion in the genitals
B) Decrease in vaginal lubrication
C) Decrease in vaginal lubrication and decrease in frequency of orgasm
D) Decrease in vaginal lubrication and decreased interest in sexual activity

Question 79

What factors in aging are NOT associated with men having difficulty in the areas of erection, orgasm, and sexual interest?

A) Partner availability
B) Physical and mental health
C) Education
D) Income

Question 80

What is the most common reason dating can be frustrating for people after divorce?

A) Divorcees rarely understand the risk of STIs.
B) Dating norms may have changed since the divorcee was last on the singles scene.
C) After divorce, most people are less sexually desirable.
D) There are few people dating after divorce.