Deck 8: Sexually Transmitted Infections: At the Junction of Biology and Behaviour

Question 1

Why is the term "sexually transmitted infection" (STI) preferred over "sexually transmitted disease" (STD)?

A) The physiological effects of the sexually transmitted pathogens are technically infections, not diseases.
B) The pathogens that are passed from person to person can be asymptomatic.
C) Infections are curable and diseases are only treatable.
D) Research has shown that young people are more comfortable talking about infections than diseases.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Why do we use the term "sexually transmitted infection" (STI) as opposed to "sexually transmitted disease" (STD)?

A) Because it is the infection of an individual with a sexually transmitted pathogen that concerns us, not whether he or she has evident signs of a sexually transmitted disease.
B) Because diseases are no longer a consideration for those working in the field of sexual health.
C) Because there are more STIs in Canada than STDs.
D) All of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which STI is one of the oldest on record and is sometimes referred to as "English pox" or "French pox"?

A) Syphilis
B) Gonorrhea
C) Chlamydia
D) Herpes

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following protects you from acquiring a sexually transmitted infection?

A) Being in a monogamous relationship
B) Avoiding mixing sex and substance use
C) Being over the age of 25
D) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following was used as a treatment for syphilis in the 1500s?

A) Arsenic
B) Antibiotics
C) Cyanide
D) Mercury

Question 6

Why was the Tuskegee experiment considered to be unethical?

A) The participants were not paid.
B) People were intentionally infected with syphilis.
C) The sample was given treatments that were not tested first for possible harmful effects.
D) Treatment was eventually stopped on all participants.

Question 7

Which STI was named after a figure in Greek mythology who was cursed with a terrible disease?

A) Syphilis
B) Gonorrhea
C) Chlamydia
D) Moniliasis

Question 8

From 1932 to 1972, the US Public Health Service withheld treatment for syphilis from impoverished African American participants in a study. What was the main issue with this study?

A) It was unethical to withhold treatment.
B) It was unethical to only study impoverished participants.
C) Withholding treatment did not yield any useful results.
D) The results of the study were skewed because only African American participants were involved.

Question 9

Which of the following was an obstacle in helping to fight the spread of and treatment of AIDS?

A) Stigma against same-sex sexual orientation individuals
B) Fear of contagion
C) Stigma against intravenous drug use, poverty, and race
D) All of the above

Question 10

Kara has an STI that can be treated with antibiotics. Which of the following STIs could it NOT be?

A) Herpes
B) Syphilis
C) Gonorrhea
D) Chlamydia

Question 11

What type of STI is herpes?

A) Viral
B) Bacterial
C) Curable
D) Retroviral

Question 12

What is the probable origin of HIV?

A) Simian immunodeficiency virus in primates
B) Spontaneous generation in the fertile crescent
C) Resistant micro-organisms found in Haiti
D) Mucus membranes of west-African mammals

Question 13

During the 1980s and 1990s, what was the number one cause of death among young men in North America?

A) HIV/AIDS
B) Car accidents
C) Herpes-related infections
D) Complications from gonorrhea infection treatment

Question 14

In the history of the fight against HIV/AIDS in Canada, what best characterizes the early response to the epidemic and those living with it?

A) Enormous prejudice and discrimination
B) Reasonable and balanced
C) Extremely supportive with appropriate treatment and care
D) Global leader in the fight against AIDS

Question 15

HIV is thought to originate from which type of animals?

A) Pigs
B) Primates
C) Chickens
D) Cows

Question 16

Which of the following is true about AIDS deaths in the 1980s and 1990s?

A) The only group in society that was stigmatized by AIDS were AIDS patients.
B) AIDS did not discriminate-all races, socioeconomic classes, and sexual orientations were affected equally.
C) AIDS was the leading cause of death in men under 50 in the United States and Canada.
D) Politicians were the first activists pressuring pharmaceutical companies to develop treatments for the disease and its symptoms.

Question 17

Before there was a treatment for HIV/AIDS, how long could a patient expect to live after acquiring the illness?

A) One to two years
B) Two to three years
C) Three to five years
D) Less than one year

Question 18

When Derek was first diagnosed with HIV, he was told that he can be treated with a new (although very expensive) drug regimen. In what year was Derek diagnosed?

A) 1991
B) 1993
C) 1995
D) 1997

Question 19

In the present day, what is the greatest concern about working with HIV/AIDS patients?

A) Providing them access to affordable medications
B) Making sure they take the medications that reduce symptoms as prescribed
C) Preventing mother-to-infant spread of the illness
D) Reducing the stigma associated with the disease

Question 20

In Canada today, roughly how many people are newly infected with HIV each year?

A) Less than 1000
B) 2000 to 4000
C) 5000 to 7000
D) More than 8000

Question 21

Which of the following is an obstacle for ARV treatment of AIDS?

A) It is an expensive treatment.
B) Access to treatment is not widely available in developing nations.
C) Adherence to treatment
D) All of the above

Question 22

In which region is HIV/AIDS most prevalent?

A) Sub-Saharan African
B) Northern Africa and the Middle East
C) East Asia
D) South America

Question 23

Which of the following is true about early (pre-2006) campaigns to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission?

A) Campaigns focussed on teaching HIV-negative individuals how to prevent acquiring the disease.
B) Campaigns focussed on teaching-HIV positive individuals how to prevent transmitting the disease.
C) Campaigns focussed on teaching HIV-negative people to be tolerant of people with HIV positive status.
D) Campaigns focussed on building the self-esteem of HIV-positive individuals.

Question 24

What does "prevention with positives" research refer to?

A) Campaigns geared towards preventing all people from acquiring HIV/AIDS
B) Campaigns specifically geared towards preventing HIV-negative people from becoming HIV-positive
C) Campaigns specifically geared towards preventing HIV-positive individuals from developing AIDS
D) Campaigns geared towards preventing HIV-positive individuals from spreading the infection to HIV-negative individuals

Question 25

Victor's new girlfriend asked him to get tested for sexually transmitted infections. He took the test and the results were positive for an STI. What advice would Victor's doctor give him?

A) The doctor's advice would depend on the type of infection and other factors.
B) The doctor would advise Victor to contact all sexual partners he has had any sexual contact with during the past five years.
C) The doctor would advise Victor to contact partners with whom he engaged in risky sex acts during the past six months.
D) The doctor would only advise Victor to contact previous partners if Victor was currently experiencing symptoms.

Question 26

Five years ago, Tanya was diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Currently she has been trying to get pregnant for almost a year, but has faced infertility issues. Which STI was Tanya likely diagnosed with five years ago?

A) Hepatitis
B) HIV
C) Chlamydia
D) Herpes

Question 27

What sexually transmitted infection has the highest prevalence of any reportable STIs in Canada?

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Herpes
D) Syphilis

Question 28

Which sexually transmitted infection is best describe by the following symptoms? It is often asymptomatic or presents minimal symptoms such as a mild discharge from the vagina, penis, or anus. Urinary symptoms such as burning or itching are also possible, and some women may experience vaginal bleeding.

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Herpes
D) Syphilis

Question 29

In women, which sexually transmitted infection can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause pain with or without intercourse? PID may lead to infertility due to scarring of the fallopian tubes, increased likelihood of ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain (CPP).

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Herpes
D) Syphilis

Question 30

Which sexually transmitted infection that is reportable in Canada has the highest prevalence rate?

A) HIV
B) Chlamydia
C) Gonorrhea
D) Herpes

Question 31

Jenny has only ever had oral sex with a single partner, but she is experiencing a mild discharge from her vagina and a burning sensation when she urinates. Which STI does Jenny most likely have?

A) Chlamydia
B) Syphilis
C) Gonorrhea
D) HPV

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of Chlamydia?

A) Chlamydia is treated with oral antibiotics.
B) Women can test themselves for chlamydia.
C) Chlamydia infection can spread to the uterus.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 33

Tomas noticed a thick discharge coming from his penis. He is sexually active and sometime doesn't use a condom. What sexually transmitted infection is indicated by Andrew's symptoms?

A) Gonorrhea
B) Chlamydia
C) Syphilis
D) Herpes

Question 34

Liam recently took a vacation and hooked up with one of the locals while he was there. Shortly after he returned, he became aware that something might be wrong because he had a yellow discharge from his penis. What sexually transmitted infection does Liam most likely have?

A) Gonorrhea
B) Syphilis
C) Herpes
D) Chlamydia

Question 35

Jaana has flat, warty lesions in the anogenital area, patches of erosions and/or whitish skin in the mouth, and fever and joint aches. What stage of syphilis is she most likely presenting with?

A) Secondary
B) Primary
C) Tertiary
D) Advanced

Question 36

Which stage of syphilis often affects mental functioning?

A) Primary syphilis
B) Secondary syphilis
C) Tertiary syphilis
D) Treponemal syphilis

Question 37

Which sexually transmitted infection, if left untreated, affects the blood vessels, heart, and eyes, and may cause sensory or brain damage?

A) Syphilis
B) HIV
C) Gonorrhea
D) Hepatitis B

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true of syphilis?

A) Oral sexual contact is the most common way of transmitting syphilis.
B) Syphilis can cause brain damage.
C) Penicillin is usually used to treat syphilis.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 39

Which term means "relating to the region of the anus and/or the genitals"?

A) Anogenital
B) Perineum
C) Vulva
D) All of the above

Question 40

Frank has noticed a painless ulcer on his penis. Which sexually transmitted infection does he most likely have?

A) Primary syphilis
B) Secondary syphilis
C) Chlamydia
D) Herpes

Question 41

Fatma has a rash on the palms of her hands and the soles of her feet, and all along her trunk. Which sexually transmitted infection does she most likely have?

A) Secondary syphilis
B) Primary syphilis
C) Herpes
D) Gonorrhea

Question 42

Orolabial herpes or HSV-1 generally presents as __________.

A) cold sores
B) lesions in the genital area
C) skin rash
D) anal irritants

Question 43

Why is there no precise information about the prevalence of herpes in Canada?

A) It is not a reportable infection.
B) It is not detectable through testing.
C) It is so rare that it is not worth reporting.
D) It is not really considered a sexually transmitted infection.

Question 44

How long do herpes outbreaks typically last?

A) Several days
B) Several weeks
C) Several years
D) Several months

Question 45

By all estimates, which sexually transmitted infection is the most prevalent in Canada?

A) HPV
B) HIV
C) Gonorrhea
D) Syphilis

Question 46

Nicole is a 23-year-old university student and has just been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection, but she did not notice any visible symptoms. Which diagnosis is most probable?

A) Syphilis
B) Herpes
C) Gonorrhea
D) HPV

Question 47

Michele is pregnant and has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection but her doctor does not think it is necessary for her to deliver her baby via C-section. What infection does Michele most likely have?

A) Chlamydia
B) Gonorrhea
C) Herpes
D) HPV

Question 48

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections cannot be detected through routine screening?

A) Chlamydia
B) HIV/AIDS
C) HPV
D) Syphilis

Question 49

What causes genital warts?

A) Gonorrhea
B) Chlamydia
C) HPV
D) Herpes

Question 50

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections cannot be prevented with condom use alone?

A) Chlamydia
B) Herpes
C) Gonorrhea
D) Syphilis

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT true of HPV?

A) Only females can be vaccinated against HPV.
B) Genital warts can be treated at home with prescription drugs.
C) Many HPV-infected individuals will spontaneously clear the infection without ever showing symptoms.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 52

Who is at greatest risk for HIV infection in Canada?

A) Men who have sex with men
B) Injection drug users
C) People from endemic countries
D) All of the above

Question 53

If a person who has been diagnosed with HIV is discussing their viral load with their doctor, what are they most likely talking about?

A) Measure of the amount of a virus that an infected person has per millimetre of blood
B) Their susceptibility to viral infections
C) The time that they were first infected with the virus
D) The sexual means through which they contracted the disease (i.e. oral, penile-vaginal, or anal sex)

Question 54

Which sexually transmitted infection can also be transmitted through infected food?

A) Hepatitis A
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis C
D) Herpes

Question 55

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is linked to cancer if left untreated?

A) Hepatitis A
B) Hepatitis B
C) Herpes
D) Syphilis

Question 56

What is true about both pubic lice and scabies?

A) They are both caused by parasites.
B) They both infect only the external pubic area.
C) They can both be treated using antibiotics.
D) They are both contracted from genital-genital contact.

Question 57

Priyanka has a genital problem but has never had sexual contact with another person. What type of problem does Priyanka most likely have?

A) Pubic lice
B) Chlamydia
C) Gonorrhea
D) Trichomoniasis

Question 58

Which sexually transmitted infection is uncommon in most regions of Canada, prevalent in parts of Africa and other areas of the world, and more common among women with multiple sexual partners?

A) Trichomoniasis
B) Pubic lice
C) HIV
D) Hepatitis A

Question 59

Contrary to most sexually transmitted infections, this problem can be acquired through non-sexual contact, such as bed sheets or towels.

A) Scabies
B) Trichomoniasis
C) Hepatitis B
D) HIV

Question 60

What makes moniliasis different from sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and herpes?

A) Moniliasis will not go away on its own if left untreated.
B) Moniliasis produces symptoms only in men.
C) Moniliasis is triggered by sexual activity but caused by a naturally occurring flora in the vagina.
D) Moniliasis is transmitted through the genitals but shows symptoms on hands and feet.

Question 61

What causes a fishy odour, vaginal discharge, itching around the vagina, and may result in pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)?

A) Bacterial vaginosis
B) Chlamydia
C) Moniliasis
D) Trichomoniasis

Question 62

What vaginal yeast infection is caused by the overgrowth of naturally occurring vaginal organisms and commonly referred to as candidiasis or thrush?

A) Moniliasis
B) Bacterial vaginosis
C) Chlamydia
D) Trichomoniasis

Question 63

Which sexually transmitted infection cannot be detected by screening?

A) HPV/HSV
B) Chlamydia
C) HIV
D) Gonorrhea

Question 64

Why is it important to communicate with previous partners if you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection?

A) Your partner(s) may not know that they are infected.
B) Your partner(s) may develop serious complications if their infection goes untreated.
C) Your partner(s) may transmit the infection to others.
D) All of the above

Question 65

When is sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening instead of STI testing an appropriate measure?

A) STI screening is appropriate when there are no visible symptoms but the person has reason to believe they have been exposed to an STI.
B) STI screening is appropriate when there are visible symptoms but the person has no reason to think they were exposed to an STI.
C) STI screening is appropriate when there are no visible symptoms and the person has no reason to believe they have been exposed to an STI.
D) STI screening is appropriate when there are visible symptoms and the person is aware of the fact that a previous partner has tested positive for an STI.

Question 66

What does it mean to be screened for a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

A) To be tested when there are no evident symptoms of an STI
B) To be tested when there are symptoms of an STI
C) To be immunized against all possible infections
D) To be regularly checked by your partners for evidence of STIs

Question 67

When is sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing instead of screening an appropriate measure?

A) When the person has no symptoms of an STI but wishes to engage in sex without a condom with their partner.
B) When the individual is showing symptoms of an STI.
C) When a person has no symptoms of an STI but has had previous sexual partners.
D) When a person has no symptoms of an STI but has had an STI that has been treated successfully in the past.

Question 68

Which of the following is good advice about condom use in a monogamous relationship?

A) Use condoms until you have established a routine on oral contraceptives.
B) Use condoms until you have gotten to know your partner's history and have determined that he or she was not at high risk for a sexually transmitted infection.
C) Use condoms throughout the relationship.
D) Use condoms until you both have been tested for sexually transmitted infections and have determined that you both are STI-free and monogamous.

Question 69

What is the best, if not the most realistic, solution for a person to prevent being infected by a sexually transmitted infection?

A) Find out about their partner's behaviour patterns.
B) Get tested regularly for sexually transmitted infections.
C) Use a barrier method for all types of sexual activity.
D) Practise abstinence.

Question 70

Jack and Laura are engaging in sexual activity and debating when to put on the condom. What is the best option?

A) A condom is most effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections if it is put on just before intercourse.
B) A condom is only needed for penile-vaginal intercourse and isn't needed during oral sex.
C) A condom should be put in place before the penis is even erect to ensure all sexually transmitted infections are avoided.
D) A condom should be put on before any genital-genital touching or oral-genital contact to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Question 71

Dr. Elliott, a researcher, has launched a well-received campaign in New York State to increase awareness among HIV-positive individuals regarding how to prevent spreading the disease to other people. Dr. Elliott has been asked to advise researchers in South Africa about how to create an effective campaign. What is one difference between New York State and South Africa that may need to be considered if the campaign is to be effective?

A) The disease is mostly spread male to male, but most South Africans will deny they engage in homosexual behaviour because it is not culturally accepted.
B) Drugs to reduce the severity of symptoms are not readily available in South Africa so the consequences of the disease are more serious than if it is contracted in North America.
C) Most HIV/AIDS transmission in South Africa is through heterosexual contact but females, not males, are expected to make decisions concerning contraception, including condom use.
D) In South Africa, many people will believe that HIV/AIDS should be treated by natural healers and not by artificially derived prescriptions.

Question 72

Where is the best place for Mike to store a condom?

A) In his wallet
B) In his car
C) In his pocket
D) In his backpack

Question 73

What mistake do most Canadian couples make regarding preventing sexual transmitted disease transmission?

A) They only use condoms until oral contraceptives are being taken regularly; then they stop.
B) They only get screened, not tested, for sexually transmitted infections.
C) They only get tested for sexually transmitted diseases when they are asymptomatic.
D) They assume that they are their partner's first partner and have risky sex from the beginning.

Question 74

Stefan doesn't like using condoms because they seem to reduce sensation, but Melissa insists on it. What can Stefan do to improve his sexual experience?

A) Incorporate condom application into foreplay.
B) Try a non-lubricated condom.
C) Try using a water-based lubricant with the condom.
D) Try a thicker condom.

Question 75

One common complaint about male condoms is that they reduce sexual pleasure or sensation. What is a possible solution to this issue?

A) Put a drop of water-based lubricant or saliva in the tip of the condom or on the glans of the penis prior to putting on the condom.
B) Try a thinner latex condom.
C) Try different brands.
D) All of the above

Question 76

Measures that include signs and symptom awareness, sexually transmitted infection screening and testing, Pap tests, adherence to STI treatment, and partner notification and treatment are known as __________ prevention.

A) secondary
B) primary
C) tertiary
D) initial

Question 77

Janna has recently been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Which of the following actions should she take?

A) Notify her previous partners.
B) Attend follow-up appointments.
C) Get regular Pap tests.
D) All of the above.

Question 78

Why are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) sometimes called "the gifts that keep on giving"?

A) STIs are usually incurable.
B) If undetected or ignored they can be transmitted to other people.
C) Most people find they learn important lessons about life through dealing with an STI.
D) It is possible to transmit an STI even after a person has received effective treatment for it.

Question 79

Gwyneth and Raj have been in a relationship for several months. They have always used condoms and practised preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Now that they know each other better, what is the best course of action?

A) It is safer to continue to use condoms and practise STI prevention.
B) It is safe to assume neither of them has an STI.
C) It is less awkward to ask each other to get screened for STIs.
D) They no longer need to use condoms.

Question 80

Gus has noticed a green discharge from his penis. Which sexually transmitted infection does he most likely have?

A) Gonorrhea
B) HPV
C) Syphilis
D) Herpes