Deck 15: Variations in Sexual Behaviour

Question 1

Which of the following criteria would most likely deem masturbation as abnormal?

A) If you used statistical criteria where people's behaviour is surveyed in twenty-first-century Canada
B) If you used socio-cultural criteria based on norms in twenty-first-century Canada
C) If you used harm-based criteria where it is assumed that masturbation causes blindness
D) If you used statistical criteria where people's behaviour is surveyed in twentieth-century Canada

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Marshall has a foot fetish where he enjoys looking at his partner's feet during sexual activity. Which criteria would most likely label Marshall's behaviour as "abnormal"?

A) Statistical criteria
B) Socio-cultural criteria
C) Harm-based criteria
D) Sexual activity-based criteria

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following sexual behaviours would be considered "abnormal" from socio-cultural, statistical, and harm-based viewpoints?

A) Sadomasochism with an adult partner who is part of a BDSM club that you also belong to
B) Having sex with a prostitute
C) Having sex before the age of consent (age 16 in most countries)
D) Having sex with an adult first cousin

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a paraphilic disorder?

A) André, who enjoys watching balloons inflate and pop
B) Kristof, who worries about being sexually aroused by people with amputated limbs
C) Drew, who fantasizes about being crawled on by insects
D) Elliot, who enjoys dressing as a child and likes being treated like a baby by his partner

Question 5

Aaron is aroused only by the sight of blood. Aaron is having difficulty developing normal sexual relationships because of this fetish and is distressed by it. Which of the following does Aaron have?

A) A transvestic disorder
B) A non-exclusive paraphilic disorder
C) A fetishistic disorder
D) An exclusive paraphilic disorder

Question 6

According to the DSM-5, when is a person diagnosed with a paraphilia but not a paraphilic disorder?

A) When the individual engages in the paraphilia but is not distressed by the behaviour
B) When the individual engages in the paraphilia and is distressed by the behaviour
C) When the individual abstains from the paraphilia but is still distressed by past behaviour
D) When the individual abstains from the paraphilia and is not distressed by past behaviour

Question 7

In terms of "abnormal" sexual behaviours, which of the following is often considered a global taboo and cuts across most cultural boundaries?

A) Incest
B) Bondage
C) Missionary position
D) Role playing

Question 8

What term is used to describe any intense and persistent sexual interest other than sexual interest in genital stimulation or preparatory fondling with phenotypically normal, physically mature, consenting human partners?

A) Paraphilia
B) Kinbaku
C) Fetish
D) Masochism

Question 9

What is the threshold in the DSM-5 for a paraphilia to be labelled as a "disorder"?

A) Causes harm to the person
B) Causes the person distress or impairment
C) Causes harm to others
D) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following would be considered a paraphilic disorder?

A) Fred has a balloon fetish; he cannot get sexually aroused unless a balloon is present and he cannot function in his life if he has not achieved satisfaction with a balloon.
B) Fred has a foot fetish; he really likes feet and will often involve them in his sexual fantasies and behaviours.
C) Fred has an animal fetish; he does not act on his desires, he merely fantasizes about various animals but it does not bother him that his fetish is only in fantasy.
D) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT required for someone to be diagnosed with a paraphilic disorder?

A) Sadomasochistic behaviour
B) Having a paraphilia
C) Negative consequence of paraphilia
D) Paraphilia present for at least six months

Question 12

Which of the following is characteristic of a sexual sadism disorder?

A) Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person, manifested by fantasies, urges, or behaviours
B) Acting on sadistic sexual urges with a non-consenting partner
C) Significant impairment or distress from sadistic sexual urges
D) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is the most significant reason why atypical sexual behaviours have not been studied very widely?

A) They often involve illegal activities that people do not wish to admit to.
B) They are very rare.
C) Researchers have not developed criteria for diagnosing a paraphilia disorder.
D) Researchers are embarrassed to discuss paraphilias with people with paraphilic disorders.

Question 14

Most fetishes are directly related to which of the following?

A) Household objects
B) The human body
C) Genital stimulation
D) Taboo objects

Question 15

Farouk is aroused by women's shoes and often asks his partners to wear high heels when they are engaging in sexual activity. Which term best describes this?

A) Fetish
B) Fetishistic disorder
C) Foot fetish
D) Paraphilia

Question 16

Benji is turned on by lingerie. Which of the following would he be diagnosed with?

A) A mild fetish
B) Fetishistic disorder
C) Hypersexuality
D) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following men would NOT be diagnosed with a paraphilia?

A) Chris, who is sexually aroused by the thought of himself as a female
B) Laszlo, who cannot experience orgasm unless his partner is wearing lingerie
C) Sasha, who spanked his last partner without her consent while they were engaging in sexual activity
D) Piotr, who lost his job because he would skip work to pursue sexual relationships

Question 18

Yanis sometimes dresses as a woman when he is at home. Which of the following is most likely true of Yanis?

A) He is married.
B) He is college educated.
C) He began cross-dressing as a young child.
D) All of the above

Question 19

Some studies have suggested that fetishes are a result of which of the following?

A) Criminal behaviour
B) Fashion sense
C) Genetics
D) Conditioning

Question 20

A fetish is most likely to appear first in which of the following sex/age groups?

A) Adolescent females
B) Adolescent males
C) Adult females
D) Adult males

Question 21

What is the main difference between transvestism and transvestic disorder?

A) Males with transvestic disorder fantasize about having female body parts and vice versa.
B) People with transvestic disorder cross-dress on a daily basis instead of just for sexual pleasure.
C) People with tranvestic disorder associate cross-dressing with sex whereas transvestism alone is not associated with sexual arousal.
D) People with transvestic disorder are distressed by their desire to cross-dress.

Question 22

Damien recently tried on female clothing for the first time and really liked it. What is a good estimate of Damien's age?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 16

Question 23

Transvestic fetishism is most common in which group of people?

A) Male homosexuals
B) Male heterosexuals
C) Female lesbians
D) Female heterosexuals

Question 24

Boris has been cross-dressing since he was a child. He never found his cross-dressing particularly distressful, but has recently sought treatment because his girlfriend has urged him to. Which term best describes Boris's condition?

A) Transvestic fetishism
B) Transvestic disorder with fetishism
C) Transvestic disorder with autogynephilia
D) Transgenderism

Question 25

In what way does transvestism differ from transgenderism?

A) People who have tranvestism have gender dysphoria.
B) People who are transgender have gender dysphoria.
C) People who have transvestism always have autogynephilia, whereas people who are transgender never have autogynephilia.
D) People who have transvestism do not begin cross-dressing until they are adults, whereas transgender individuals prefer to cross-dress from a very early age.

Question 26

According to the current research, fetishes appear almost exclusively in males. When does this typically begin?

A) Early childhood or adolescence
B) Infancy from 1-3 years of age
C) Young adulthood
D) Middle adulthood

Question 27

The most prevalent psychological problems in people who practice BDSM is related to which of the following?

A) Rejection from the partner
B) Social stigma
C) Learned helplessness
D) Humiliation

Question 28

Which component of BDSM is best described as the use of restraints, from the simple use of handcuffs or ribbons, to elaborate rituals and art forms such as Japanese rope?

A) Bondage
B) Discipline
C) Dominance
D) Submission

Question 29

Which component of BDSM may include painful whipping, biting, and the application of hot wax or other painful stimuli, and may also include sensory deprivation and humiliating behaviours such as boot-licking or behaving like a dog, or the use of feces and urine?

A) Discipline
B) Bondage
C) Dominance
D) Submission

Question 30

Which six terms fit the acronym BDSM?

A) Bondage, discipline, dominance, submission, sadism, masochism
B) Bondage, dog-play, deprivation, serendipity, sadism, masochism
C) Belittling, deviance, dominance, salivation, sadism, matrimony
D) Biting, belittling, deviance, domination, serendipity, matrimony

Question 31

Which term best describes someone who derives sexual pleasure from inflicting physical pain or psychological suffering on another person, often to gain power or to humiliate the other person?

A) Sexual sadist
B) Sexual masochist
C) Sexual deviant
D) Sexual anarchist

Question 32

Keiko is aroused by having pain inflicted on her during sexual activity. Which term best characterizes Keiko's paraphilia?

A) Kink
B) Bondage
C) Sadism
D) Masochism

Question 33

Alexandra and Tyler have a consensual sexual relationship. When they are "playing," Alexandra is frequently bound and Tyler tells her what to do and sometimes humiliates her by making her lick his feet. What kink group do Alexandra and Tyler belong to?

A) Bondage and discipline
B) Sadomasochism
C) Dominance and submission
D) Masochism

Question 34

Layla and Corinne have a consensual sexual relationship. When they are "playing," Layla will use hot wax on or apply ice cubes to Corinne's skin. What "kink" group do Layla and Corinne belong to?

A) Bondage and discipline
B) Sadomasochism
C) Dominance and submission
D) Masochism

Question 35

Gregory and Dylan have a consensual sexual relationship. When they are "playing," they will take turns using a riding crop on each other to inflict pain. What "kink" group do Gregory and Dylan belong to?

A) Bondage and discipline
B) Sadomasochism
C) Dominance and submission
D) Masochism

Question 36

Destiny and Roger are in a consensual sexual relationship, and would like to try dominance and submission for the first time. Which of the following should they do in order to be safe?

A) Establish a safe word
B) Set up boundaries prior to beginning the scenario
C) Use a "play" script
D) All of the above

Question 37

Timothy is often aroused by fantasies of being beaten and humiliated. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be true?

A) Timothy was punished as a child when he was caught masturbating.
B) Timothy uses masochism as a way to escape the pressures of his life by relinquishing control to someone else.
C) Timothy would only be diagnosed with masochism disorder if his fantasies caused him distress.
D) Timothy is no more likely to experience psychological impairment because of his masochistic fantasies than someone who does not have these kinds of fantasies.

Question 38

Helena masturbates much more frequently than what is deemed average. Which of the following would she be diagnosed with?

A) Hypersexuality
B) Hyphephilia
C) Persistent genital arousal disorder
D) Based on the above, she would not be diagnosed with any disorder.

Question 39

Which of the following individuals would most likely be diagnosed with sexual sadism disorder?

A) Richard, who is a "top" in a BDSM relationship and enjoys domination and urinating on his partner
B) Hoang, who enjoys non-consensual sex with women and has acted upon it, but experiences no impairment as a result
C) Caleb, who derives sexual pleasure from harming animals
D) Leonid, who enjoys non-consensual sex with women, has acted upon it, and experiences distress as a result

Question 40

A common preference that is present in all masochists is sexual arousal from which of the following?

A) Personal suffering
B) Domination
C) Humiliation
D) Bondage

Question 41

What did Charles Moser find about the majority of sadomasochists?

A) They were punished for masturbating, which led them to associate pain with sexual arousal.
B) They do not recall any erotic enjoyment from punishment as children.
C) They experienced violent outbursts as children.
D) They are aroused by pain both inside and outside their sexual script.

Question 42

Which term best describes a person who derives sexual pleasure by experiencing pain, humiliation, or suffering?

A) Sexual masochist
B) Sexual sadist
C) Sexual deviant
D) Sexual anarchist

Question 43

Some theorists feel that many people who have a preference for a sadistic role in sadomasochistic consensual sex may choose that role for which reason?

A) Because they don't feel powerful in their professional life
B) Because they don't like other people
C) Because they feel ashamed of being passive during sexual activity
D) Because they are seeking to diminish anxiety about sex

Question 44

Which is a common theme in theories about the causes of hypersexuality?

A) Poor impulse control
B) Hormonal imbalance
C) Exposure at a young age to sexually-explicit material
D) Being prevented from exploring their sexuality during adolescence

Question 45

How is it determined if a person has "hypersexuality"?

A) They meet all the criteria for "hypersexuality" in the DSM-5.
B) They masturbate or engage in sexual activity at least 115 times a year.
C) They masturbate or engage in sexual activity at least 190 times a year.
D) Hypersexuality must be assessed on an individual basis.

Question 46

Holden experiences a persistent, painful erection. Which of the following most likely afflicts Holden?

A) Hypersexuality
B) Priapism
C) Persistent genital arousal syndrome
D) Satyriasis

Question 47

Max has voyeuristic disorder. Which of the following scenarios would he find the most arousing?

A) A nude beach
B) A "peep show"
C) Live streaming sex on the Internet
D) Watching his neighbour change into her nightgown

Question 48

Which of the following men would NOT be diagnosed with voyeuristic disorder?

A) Ryan, who frequents strip clubs
B) Yaroslav, who watches webcam broadcasts of women undressing in fitting rooms
C) Juan, who prefers secretly watching people undress to having partnered sex
D) Carlos, who has broken and entered in order to watch a couple having sex

Question 49

Kayla regularly enjoys going to strip clubs and viewing pornography. Which of the following would she be diagnosed with?

A) Voyeuristic behaviour
B) Exhibitionistic disorder
C) Voyeuristic disorder
D) None of the above

Question 50

Christoph enjoys going to nude beaches so that he can observe other people naked, although he does not partake in being nude. Which of the following would he be diagnosed with?

A) Voyeuristic disorder
B) Courtship disorder
C) Exhibitionistic disorder
D) Based on the above, he would not be diagnosed with any disorder.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a courtship disorder?

A) Bestiality
B) Voyeurism
C) Exhibition
D) Frotteurism

Question 52

Sam frequently spies on his female neighbour through her window when she is naked. Which paraphilia does Sam have?

A) Voyeuristic
B) Exhibitionistic
C) Frotteuristic
D) Hyphenphilistic

Question 53

Which disorder is often referred to as indecent exposure?

A) Exhibitionism
B) Voyeurism
C) Frotteurism
D) Hyphephilism

Question 54

Andrew lurks in a park, waiting for a female jogger to go by before jumping out of the bushes and exposing himself to the jogger. What reaction is Andrew most likely looking for from the jogger?

A) He is hoping the jogger will want to have sex with him.
B) He is hoping the jogger will scream and run away.
C) He is hoping the jogger will watch him masturbate.
D) None of the above

Question 55

Which of the following men would NOT be diagnosed with a courtship disorder?

A) Henry, who ties up his partners and spanks them
B) AJ, who will often call random hotlines and then masturbate to the voice on the other end
C) Barrett, who will rub his genitals against a woman's leg when he is on a crowded subway
D) All of the above

Question 56

A person with exhibitionistic disorder derives sexual pleasure from which of the following?

A) Deriving sexual pleasure from urinating in public
B) Watching the reaction of people when they flash them
C) Scaring people
D) Observing an unsuspecting person who is naked

Question 57

What is one factor that voyeuristic disorder and exhibitionistic disorder having in common?

A) They both involve nudity in public.
B) They both involve deriving pleasure from scaring people.
C) People with these disorders are distressed by their urges.
D) They both are more common in women than men.

Question 58

Telephone scatologia is closely related to which of the following disorders?

A) Voyeuristic disorder
B) Exhibitionistic disorder
C) Frotteuristic disorder
D) Hypersexuality

Question 59

Which paraphilia is also known as toucherism and involves the act of fantasizing about, or actually engaging in, rubbing against or touching a non-consenting person for sexual gratification?

A) Frotteurism
B) Scatologia
C) Exhibitionism
D) Biastophilia

Question 60

What is the approximate prevalence of pedophilia among males who commit sexual offences against children?

A) 40-50 per cent
B) 60-70 per cent
C) 80-90 per cent
D) 90-100 per cent

Question 61

Which of the following is typical of pedophiles?

A) They are violent.
B) They are close with their victims.
C) They commit sexual offences against children.
D) They prey on strangers.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT true of pedophilia?

A) Contact offenses are more harmful than online offenses.
B) Most pedophiles are not violent.
C) Pedophilia has existed throughout history.
D) Treatment can lead to lower rates of recidivism.

Question 63

Phillip has had pedophilic fantasies since he was a small child. He has never acted on these fantasies. In fact, he is also attracted to adults and is in a healthy relationship. But he is growing concerned with the frequency of these fantasies, and is afraid of the social repercussions if he tells anyone about them. Where is he most likely to go to get help?

A) To a website meant to provide confidential support for individuals with pedophilic interests who have never acted on them
B) To a medical professional trained in treating pedophiles
C) To a trusted friend
D) To his partner

Question 64

Which of the following is TRUE of most pedophiles?

A) They work hard to groom and coerce a specific child they are close to
B) They prey on strangers
C) They are often violent in their offences
D) They often reoffend if the offence is incestuous

Question 65

Which term is used to describe being sexually aroused by piercings and tattoos?

A) Asphyxiophilia
B) Corprophilia
C) Stigmatophilia
D) Klismaphilia

Question 66

Which term is used to describe the erotic interest in contact with feces and may overlap with sadomasochism?

A) Corprophilia
B) Hyphephilia
C) Stigmatophilia
D) Klismaphilia

Question 67

Which term is used to describe being aroused by urine?

A) Hyphephilia
B) Stigmatophilia
C) Urophilia
D) Necrophilia

Question 68

What is the driving force of the child sex trade?

A) Poverty
B) Racism
C) Government corruption
D) A prevalence of paraphilic disorders

Question 69

Which of the following paraphilias is associated with having a lower IQ?

A) Frotteuristic disorder
B) Exhibitionistic disorder
C) Pedophilia
D) Voyeuristic disorder

Question 70

Which theory explaining the origins of paraphilias is most consistent with the feminist perspective?

A) Freudian theory
B) Behavioural theory
C) Neurological theory
D) Cognitive distortion theory

Question 71

Why are paraphilias more common in males than females, according to psychoanalytic theory?

A) They result from castration anxiety and the Oedipus complex.
B) Men are encouraged to objectify women from a young age.
C) Males experience unanticipated erections from a young age and may associate them with whatever activity they are involved with at the time.
D) None of the above

Question 72

Which theory would suggest that paraphilias are thought to result from castration anxiety and the Oedipus complex, explaining why they are more common in males than in females and, in this explanation, the fetish object is an unconscious replacement for the mother's missing penis and therefore reduces the male's castration anxiety evoked by the missing penis of his female partner?

A) Psychoanalytic theory
B) Behavioural theory
C) Cognitive theory
D) Sociobiological theory

Question 73

When Ryan was a child, his parents caught him masturbating and punished him severely. During the traumatic punishment, Ryan was grounded and all of his toys were taken away. Instead of toys, he played with his underwear during the grounding. In later life, Ryan has developed an intense underwear paraphilia. What theory would connect his punishment to his paraphilia?

A) Behavioural theory
B) Psychoanalytical theory
C) Cognitive theory
D) Sociobiological theory

Question 74

Which of the following is characteristic of pedophiles?

A) Lower IQs than others
B) More likely to have repeated school grades
C) More likely to receive special education
D) All of the above

Question 75

Jake has sexually assaulted several boys. When asked why he did so he said that he was teaching them how to perform sexually so that they would be ready to please women when they were older. Jake's explanation for his behaviour is consistent with which model of pedophilia discussed in your text?

A) The behavioural model
B) The cognitive distortion model
C) The cognitive dissonance model
D) The learning model

Question 76

Urijah has recently entered a forensic psychiatric facility. During his assessment interview, Urijah intentionally exaggerated his exhibitionist tendencies to get more attention from the hospital staff. What term best describes his behaviour?

A) Malingering
B) Psychometrics
C) Paraphilias
D) Cognitive distortions

Question 77

Forensic health clinicians may use a number of psychometrics while assessing a patient suffering from a paraphilic disorder to determine the likelihood that they will return to the behaviour. They are looking for rates of what?

A) Recidivism
B) Malingering
C) Volumetrics
D) Plethysmography

Question 78

Why can't measures of arousal be used to determine whether a women is sexually interested in children?

A) Because what women report is attractive to them and their arousal patterns don't match
B) Because equipment used to measure arousal is stimulating and can confound results
C) Because women are better than men at intentionally suppressing feelings of sexual arousal
D) Because most women who commit sexual offences do so because they have difficulty becoming aroused except under very unusual circumstances

Question 79

Self-esteem and social skills training for convicted pedophiles can have which benefit?

A) It reduces sexual attraction to children.
B) It reduces sex drive.
C) It reduces compulsive behaviours.
D) It reduces recidivism.

Question 80

Which of the following is part of cognitive behavioural therapy for convicted pedophiles?

A) Empathy training
B) Aversion therapy
C) Satiation therapy
D) Anti-androgen medications