Deck 11: Sexualaffectional Orientations and Diversity

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Question
In 1835, if a man had sex with another man, how would it affect his perceived sexual identity?

A) He would be considered homosexual.
B) He would be considered queer.
C) He would be considered female.
D) It would not challenge his sexual identity.
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Question
In the mid-twentieth century, which of the following was NOT a common perception of homosexuals?

A) They were predatory.
B) They were promiscuous.
C) They were unhappy.
D) They were dependable.
Question
What term is used to describe the interaction between affect and cognition such that it produces attraction, erotic desire, and ultimately feelings of love for members of the other sex, the same sex, or both?

A) Affectional orientation
B) Emotional orientation
C) Sexual orientation
D) Attachment orientation
Question
In what year did the term "homosexual" come into common usage?

A) 1268
B) 1689
C) 1869
D) 1902
Question
On what basis do some researchers criticize the term "sexual orientation"?

A) It ignores the issue of gender.
B) It emphasizes emotional connections as the foundation for all relationships.
C) It ignores the fact that people can be attracted to more than one sex.
D) It overemphasizes the sexual aspects of an orientation.
Question
The word "homosexual" entered the English language only in 1869 because before then ________.

A) the strong Christian church influence prevented any discussion of homosexuality
B) the term was taboo considering the rumours surrounding the English royalty
C) the prevalent terms were "men-lover" for men and "Sappho" for women
D) everyone in the English-speaking society was assumed to be heterosexual
Question
What is the main reason why gays and lesbians stopped using the term "homosexual"?

A) "Homo" means "man" and therefore the term did not apply to lesbians.
B) It did not allow for people to be interested in both sexes.
C) It assumed that people who were in a relationship and the same biological sex were also the same gender, which is not always true.
D) The word "homosexual" had a very negative meaning within society.
Question
The Klein Sexual Orientation Grid includes measure of how many components?

A) Three
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Nine
Question
What does having a gay identity indicate?

A) The person has a certain sexual preference, worldview, and self-perception.
B) The person believes that affectional orientation is a result of experience and social constructs.
C) The person believes that affectional orientation is innate.
D) The person prefers to have sexual partners who are the same biological sex as they are.
Question
Which of the following is the most important characteristic of an identity label that a person adopts for themselves?

A) It describes their behaviour.
B) The label differentiates them from groups with which they do not wish to be associated.
C) The label has personal significance.
D) It is a well-known label in their culture.
Question
Max holds a social constructionist view of identity labels and dislikes them. He has always had physical and emotional relationships with other men and is not interested in having physical or emotional relationships with women. When describing himself, what identity group is Max most likely to choose?

A) Man who has sex with men (MSM)
B) Gay
C) Undecided
D) Queer
Question
If you want to avoid implying that a person's sexual/affection preferences are the same as a person's essence, how should you describe a woman who has romantic and sexual relationships and fantasies only with other women?

A) "She is queer."
B) "She is a lesbian."
C) "She is a homosexual."
D) "She is a lesbian woman."
Question
In order to differentiate between a person's identity and a person's essence, words such as "gay" or "lesbian" are best used as which part of speech?

A) Adverb
B) Adjective
C) Verb
D) Noun
Question
Why do many women with a same-sex attraction prefer the term lesbian over gay?

A) It is more historically accurate, dating back to the 18th century.
B) It reinforces desired stereotypes associated with the feminine mystique.
C) It carries with it certain political allegiances to female solidarity and feminist ideology.
D) It refers to sexual behaviours rather than the spectrum of attractions and affections.
Question
Which of the following is most accurate regarding sexual identities?

A) The sexual identity of gay, lesbian, or bisexual does not change once someone has engaged in sexual activity with a member of the same sex.
B) The sexual identity one adopts during early adolescence is immutable.
C) The sexual identity labels people give themselves may change over the course of their lives.
D) All of the above
Question
Why would someone adopt a sexual identity different from their sexual behaviours or sexual attraction?

A) Psychological dysfunction
B) Immutable sexual identities
C) Social acceptance
D) Cognitive dissonance
Question
Why would someone adopt a queer sexual identity?

A) Sexual identities are more accurately reflected in this description because it suggests that there is no variation in sexual identity categories.
B) Sexual identities are entirely socially constructed and may not accurately reflect individual experience.
C) Sexual identities are theoretical and based on sexual behaviours alone, and this identity more accurately reflects behaviours.
D) Sexual identities other than heterosexuality are historically rooted in sexual deviance and therefore more accurately reflect individuals.
Question
In a study by Lori Brotto of UBC, asexual men reported lower sexual response than is indicated by available normative data, yet they masturbated __________.

A) more frequently than the normative data
B) less frequently than the normative data
C) almost never in comparison to normative data
D) with the same frequency as the normative data
Question
Which orientation best describes people who have the capacity to fall in love romantically with another person, even if they do not feel sexual desire for that person?

A) Queer
B) Two-spirited
C) Asexual
D) Bisexual
Question
Approximately what proportion of British people self-identified as asexual in the research study discussed in your text?

A) 1 in 10,000
B) 1 in 1000
C) 1 in 100
D) 1 in 50
Question
Based on Lori Brotto's study of self-identified asexual individuals, what is the best way to conceptualize asexuality?

A) As a lack of sexual attraction to others
B) As a lack of affectional orientation
C) As a lack of sexual opportunities
D) As a lack of all sexual activity
Question
HIV-prevention efforts typically target which group of people?

A) Men who have sex with men
B) Bisexual men and women
C) Lesbian women
D) Gay men
Question
Steven and Emily met through a dating site for asexual people and have been in a loving relationship for several months. They cuddle a lot but don't touch in a sexually arousing way. One day Emily catches Steven masturbating. She accuses him of lying to her about his asexuality. Was he necessarily lying?

A) Yes. Asexual individuals feel no sexual desire and no physiological arousal, so they never masturbate.
B) Yes. Asexuality is a temporary condition, and masturbation means that the individual is again feeling normative sexual desire.
C) No. Asexual individuals feel little or no sexual attraction, but they still masturbate as frequently as normative individuals.
D) No. Asexuality means little or no sexual attraction to certain partners, but normative attraction to other potential partners, usually of the same sex.
Question
Sharon believes that her attraction towards men is inborn and unchangeable, independent from where she grew up and what people around her think is attractive and what is not. What viewpoint does she represent?

A) Absolutism
B) Social constructionism
C) Essentialism
D) Social reductionism
Question
Stacy, a woman attracted to other women, prefers to call herself "lesbian" rather than "gay." Why could that be?

A) A gay identity carries a preference for many casual sexual partners, while a lesbian identity is assumed by women in stable, long-term relationships.
B) Gay women are generally masculine, while lesbian women are mostly feminine.
C) Gay women are attracted to both feminine and masculine women, while lesbian women are attracted only to feminine women.
D) A lesbian identity generally carries political allegiances to female solidarity and feminist ideology, which the gay identity doesn't include.
Question
Alex and Lee call themselves "queer," which means that __________.

A) they don't want to be labelled with any sexual identity
B) they have undergone gender reassignment surgery
C) they are pansexual
D) Both B and C
Question
At a frat-house party Jenny saw her crush, Tom, make out with another guy. She was confused because Tom never said he was gay or bi and he talked about hot girls a lot. Was his behaviour unusual?

A) No. Studies show that most men who self-identify as heterosexual regularly engage in sexual relations with other men.
B) Yes. Studies show that once sexual identity is formed in adolescence, people tend to be attracted exclusively to one gender.
C) Yes. Studies show that discrepancies among sexual identity, sexual behaviour, and sexual desire are extremely rare.
D) No. Studies show that there are often discrepancies among sexual identity, sexual behaviour, and sexual desire.
Question
Which term refers to an identity status that is intended to not label one's sexuality?

A) Lesbian
B) Queer
C) Bisexual
D) Gay
Question
What term is used to describe the fear, dislike, and/or intolerance that gay and lesbian individuals may feel toward themselves and/or others with a same-sex orientation, often resulting from negative social influences?

A) Biophobia
B) Internalized homophobia
C) Homonegativity
D) Heterosexism
Question
What social condition is best described by the following excerpt? "Despite the fact that research has shown variations in affectional orientation, sexual identity, and gender identity to be normal, non-heterosexual individuals continue to suffer from varying degrees of prejudice, discrimination, and oppression world-wide. Same-sex sexual relationships remain illegal in over 70 countries, and in some places offenders are flogged or even put to death. Even in countries in which such relationships are legal, gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals frequently face negative consequences in their daily lives. All too often, the prejudices they face take the form of hate speech. Indeed, research consistently finds that the vast majority of gay and lesbian individuals have been verbally abused at some point in their lives."

A) Homophobia, biphobia, queerphobia
B) Heterosexism
C) Conversion therapy
D) Internalized homophobia
Question
Which term refers to the belief that heterosexual people are superior to LGBTQ+ people?

A) Heterosexism
B) Homophobia
C) Homonegativity
D) Queerism
Question
Salma is part of a culture where people who show attraction to people of the same sex are shunned and forbidden from ever contacting their family members again. Salma is afraid to admit she is attracted to other women, so she marries and has children. Salma's limited choices in life are the result of what aspect of her culture?

A) Homophobia
B) Heterosexism
C) Homonegativity
D) Queerophobia
Question
Robert Spitzer claimed that sexual orientation could be changed if the people who wanted to change really wanted to change. What did Spitzer do 10 years after he made his claim?

A) Spitzer admitted that he was gay and openly married another man.
B) Spitzer stood by his claim and showed that 10 years later the "converted" men were still in heterosexual relationships.
C) Spitzer apologized to the gay community.
D) Spitzer extended his claim to suggest that same-sex attraction is the result of neurotoxins found in many brands of house paint.
Question
Eric has always been attracted to other men but abstains from sexual activity and loathes himself for his preference. What term describes Eric's feelings towards himself?

A) Internalized homophilia
B) Internalized homophobia
C) Internalized asexuality
D) Homophobia
Question
What term refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals of other sexual orientations and genders, based on the implicit assumption that heterosexuality is the norm?

A) Heterosexism
B) Homophily
C) Heterocentrism
D) Biphobia
Question
Anna has been invited with a plus-one to her cousin's traditional Polish wedding in a Toronto suburb. Anna isn't dating any man at the time, so she wants to RSVP with her best friend, Judy, as Judy has never been to a Polish wedding. Anna's mother is aghast at the idea, explaining that everyone would assume that Anna and Judy are lesbian perverts and it would be a great shame and disgrace for Anna's mother to be suspected of having brought up a homosexual under her Catholic roof. She orders Anna to bring a male date or not to come at all. What attitude does Anna's mother display?

A) Homonegativity
B) Heterosexism
C) Homophobia
D) All of the above
Question
Elisa started a new job and was excited to meet her new co-workers. During the orientation one of the team leaders asked her if she had a boyfriend. Elisa did not know what to answer, since she was currently dating another woman. Which of the following best describes Elisa's experience?

A) Heterocentrism
B) Homonegativity
C) Heterosexism
D) Internalized homophobia
Question
Nate is an openly gay man. What is the probability that during his life, Nate will be a victim of physical violence because he is gay?

A) 5 per cent
B) 10 per cent
C) 20 per cent
D) 50 per cent
Question
According to a recent American study, which of the following is the strongest predictor of hate-crime victimization of LGBTQ+ individuals?

A) An LGBTQ+ individual's physical appearance
B) Beliefs about the morality of same-sex sexual behaviours
C) An LGBTQ+ individual's openness about their sexual orientation
D) Media portrayals of LGBTQ+ individuals
Question
Lucy grew up in a community where homosexuality was considered a disgusting sin. She has been attracted to women but dated men to fit in. She recently moved to Vancouver and met several openly lesbian women, but she's still struggling with shedding the guilt of the immorality of her attractions. Her new friends recommend __________ therapy to help her see her identity as positive.

A) hormonal
B) conversion
C) LGBTQ+ affirmative
D) psychoanalytic
Question
According to Kitzinger and Wilkinson, what causes a person's sexual attractions to be one way or another?

A) Sexual attraction is mostly the result of environmental factors.
B) Sexual attraction is probably the result of both biological and environmental factors.
C) Sexual attraction is mostly the result of biological factors.
D) The question is pointless to research because it cannot be tested with methods currently available.
Question
What type of therapy used to attempt to change an individual's sexual orientation to heterosexual has been labelled unethical?

A) Affirmative therapy
B) Conversion therapy
C) Motivational therapy
D) Heterosexist therapy
Question
Conversion therapy is ethically problematic because __________.

A) its goal is essentially to "fix" a minority population that is deemed to have undesirable traits
B) it targets only individuals with same-sex orientations
C) it is out of line with guidelines to "avoid bringing harm to the client" that every reputable mental health professional is obliged to follow
D) All of the above
Question
Antoine and Mathieu are identical twins. Mathieu is gay. What is the likelihood that Antoine is also gay?

A) 12 per cent
B) 27 per cent
C) 37 per cent
D) 52 per cent
Question
What field of study has most consistently found that the causality of same-sex sexual/affectional orientation was hand preference and fraternal birth order?

A) Environmental
B) Social
C) Psychological
D) Biological
Question
Researchers have found notable differences in the size of which of the following brain regions in gay men and heterosexual men?

A) The pituitary gland
B) The thyroid gland
C) The thalamus
D) The hypothalamus
Question
According to Blanchard et al., gay men are more likely than straight men to be which of the following?

A) Left handed
B) Highly religious
C) A twin
D) The oldest sibling
Question
What type of study revealed the following finding regarding male same-sex sexual orientation? "Where at least one twin was homosexual, 52% of monozygotic twins and 22% of dizygotic twins were both homosexual. (By comparison, in cases in which at least one adoptive brother was homosexual, 11% of these brothers were both homosexual.) "

A) Sociobiological
B) Anatomy
C) Hormones/neural processes
D) Genetics
Question
Patrick is a gay man who's never seen himself as unique because of his sexual preference. He usually dismisses statements about non-sexual differences between gay and straight men as factoids, so he was surprised to learn that there is actual research evidence that gay men __________ compared to heterosexual men.

A) have much less body hair
B) are much worse at whistling
C) are more frequently colour-blind
D) are more frequently left-handed
Question
Liam's mother reveals that although she'd never hid from him that he was adopted, she did hide that he had an identical twin brother in another province. As Liam, a gay man, tries to track his brother down, he wonders what the chances are that he will be gay as well. What is the probability?

A) It is almost certain, as studies show that where one twin is gay, 93% of identical twins are both gay.
B) It is very low, as studies show that where one twin is gay, 7% of identical twins are both gay.
C) It's impossible to tell as there has been no research on siblings and sexual/affectational identity development.
D) It is better than chance as studies show that where one twin is gay, 52% of identical twins are both gay.
Question
When the effect of prenatal exposure to androgen was hypothesized as a factor contributing to whether a female fetus will grow to be a lesbian woman, what did researchers find?

A) Androgen exposure had no effect on sexual attraction or identity in lesbian women.
B) There was a strong positive correlation between androgen exposure and affectionate orientation.
C) There was a small negative correlation between androgen exposure and affectionate orientation.
D) Androgen exposure may play a role in masculine lesbian women but not in feminine lesbian women.
Question
What condition is required to hold true the research finding that men are more likely to have a same-sex affectional orientation if they have older brothers?

A) Right-handedness
B) Older sisters
C) Colour blindness
D) High testosterone
Question
Which of the following is true regarding same-sex affectional orientation?

A) Although same-sex oriented individuals may question their sexual identity to a greater extent at some point in their lives than do their heterosexual counterparts, most gay men believe they always had a strong sexual/affectional orientation to men.
B) Although childhood sexual abuse can cause psychological damage and lead to confusion regarding one's sexual identity, there is no evidence that such trauma can alter one's affectional orientation.
C) An individual's affectional orientation is not dependent on the affectional orientation of her or his parents. Most gay and lesbian people were raised by heterosexual parents, and most children raised by same-sex parents turn out heterosexual.
D) All of the above
Question
In June, the Pride month in Canada and USA, Mindy changed her Facebook profile picture to include a rainbow-coloured filter over the photo of herself. She soon got a comment from a distant relative that "the gay lobby is spreading the gay propaganda and raising more gays by adopting innocent children." What facts can Mindy cite to counter this statement?

A) Most gay and lesbian people were raised by heterosexual parents, and most children raised by same-sex parents turn out heterosexual.
B) Research suggests that children raised in strongly homophobic families turn out homosexual twice as frequently as those raised in open-minded households.
C) While culture and society can shape the understanding and expression of our gender, there is no clear evidence that the same factors influence who we are romantically attracted to.
D) Both A and C
Question
Dominic is attracted to other men, and his feelings of being different have resulted in social alienation. Dominic is in which of Vivienne Cass's six stages of gay/lesbian development?

A) Identity tolerance
B) Identity comparison
C) Identity confusion
D) Identity acceptance
Question
According to the ecological model of LGBTQ+ identity, which of these two gay men could potentially have developed the most similar sexual identities?

A) Muslim Sharif from Teheran, Iran, and Catholic Marek from Warsaw, Poland
B) Atheist Terry from Toronto, Canada, and New Age Lance from Los Angeles, USA
C) New Age Lance from Los Angeles, USA, and Muslim Sharif from Teheran, Iran
D) Atheist Terry from Toronto, Canada, and Catholic Marek from Warsaw, Poland
Question
Although Canada, with its anti-discrimination legislation, is much more accepting of the LGBTQ+ community than many countries around the world, even here LGBTQ+ individuals might not want to disclose their sexual identity. Why?

A) They may be passed over for promotion at work because of their employer's bias.
B) They may be deeply connected to communities in which homophobia is highly prevalent.
C) Dependent children who disclose their identity might end up homeless, rejected by the family.
D) All of the above
Question
Which of the following is NOT true of sexual identity disclosure?

A) Self-identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual and disclosing this identity to others is associated with having better physical and mental health.
B) Studies have found that gay men and lesbian women who disclose their sexual identity to others experience worse mental health outcomes.
C) The general trend over the past few years is that non-heterosexual individuals are both self-identifying and disclosing their identities at younger ages than in the past.
D) In studies of gay and bisexual men, the incidence of diseases such as cancer, pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and tuberculosis was higher among the men who hid their gay identity from others than among men who did not.
Question
What is viewed as the biggest barrier to developing a positive LGBTQ+ identity?

A) Internalized homophobia
B) Cultural bias
C) Lack of opportunity to interact with other LGBTQ+ individuals
D) Fear of violence
Question
In which country, as described in the textbook, were marchers attacked at a Gay Pride parade in 2001?

A) Russia
B) Iran
C) Serbia
D) Hungary
Question
Laura and Mark have a positive attitude towards same-sex affectional orientations. Their 12-year-old son David has always preferred "feminine" activities and conveys a somewhat feminine persona when speaking. He has shown no interest in developing romantic relationships in middle school, though many of his peers are "dating." Laura and Mark suspect David is a gay adolescent. What is their best course of action?

A) Wait until David is 16 years old, but encourage him to speak to a therapist about his sexual identity before he becomes sexually active.
B) Assume David is a gay adolescent and impose the identity on him by talking to him "as though they already know" to help him be less fearful of "coming out."
C) Wait and allow David to express his sexual identity on his own.
D) Discourage David from adopting a gay sexual identity because this will likely lead to his being teased and ostracized.
Question
When analyzing research with members of the LGBTQ+ community, one should be aware of __________.

A) the sample bias: the research covers only those who chose to participate, excluding closeted or secretive members
B) the heteronormativity bias: the majority of researchers identify as heterosexual and treat other orientations as diverging from the norm
C) the confirmation bias: researchers who study the LGBTQ+ community want to portray it in the positive light and favour results that confirm their agenda
D) None of the above
Question
Ten-year-old David has been spending a lot of time reading fashion magazines and making clothes for his dolls. He prefers celebrity gossip with his sisters to playing sniper videogames with his brother. David's parents worry that such behaviour might mean that he will grow up to be gay, but their friend says such thinking is just an ugly stereotype. Who's right?

A) There is anecdotal evidence that many males who display highly effeminate behaviour in childhood later experience same-sex attraction, but it has not been proven in research.
B) Research supports that many males who display highly effeminate behaviour in childhood later experience same-sex attraction.
C) Research is inconclusive whether a boy's highly effeminate behaviour in childhood will result in experiencing same-sex attraction later in life.
D) Extensive research shows beyond doubt that boys' childhood behaviour has no reflection in their later sexual/affectational orientation.
Question
According to research, which couple type reports the highest level of relationship satisfaction?

A) Gay couples
B) Opposite-sex couples where one or both partners is bisexual
C) Heterosexual couples
D) Lesbian couples
Question
When compared to same-sex couples, which is true about mixed-sex couples?

A) Their relationship is more likely to end than a same-sex relationship.
B) They have less hostility at times of conflict than same-sex couples.
C) They are more likely to stay friends after the end of the relationship than same-sex couples.
D) They are more likely to come from the same socioeconomic demographic than same-sex couples.
Question
Why do some researchers suggest that divorce rates will likely be higher among same-sex couples compared to mixed-sex couples?

A) Same-sex couples have more alternative partners available to them.
B) More mixed-sex couples admit to staying together for the children.
C) Mixed-sex couples have been shown to take marriage more seriously than same-sex couples.
D) Same-sex couples are less likely to be monogamous.
Question
What limitation is present in most research on LGBTQ+ people since many members of this community may be secretive or closeted, and the people who take part in research are more likely to be "out" and open?

A) Replicability
B) Survey reliability
C) Sample bias
D) Social desirability bias
Question
Which of the following is a reason that lesbian couples report greater relationship satisfaction than do either gay or heterosexual couples?

A) Their desire for and achievement of equality in their relationships
B) The social support they garner for their lives together
C) The high value placed on emotional intimacy
D) All of the above
Question
Which of the following is true about gay men in relationships?

A) Non-monogamous gay male couples are as satisfied in their relationships as monogamous gay male couples.
B) Stereotypical gender roles are often adhered to.
C) Marital satisfaction is primarily based on the sexual component of the relationship.
D) All of the above
Question
One of the differences between mixed- and same-sex relationships is that __________.

A) mixed-sex relationships have a higher likelihood of ending compared to same-sex relationships
B) same-sex couples tend to use fewer hostile tactics during times of conflict compared to mixed-sex couples
C) same-sex oriented individuals are more likely to seek partners of similar age, race, and socioeconomic status to their own compared to mixed-sex oriented individuals
D) mixed-sex partners are more likely to stay friends after they break up compared to same-sex partners
Question
Which of the following is NOT true regarding same-sex relationships?

A) Same-sex partners are more likely than mixed-sex partners to remain friends after relationship dissolution.
B) Same-sex oriented individuals are less likely to seek partners whose demographic characteristics, including age, race, and socioeconomic status, are similar to their own.
C) Gay and lesbian couples tend to be less controlling and to use fewer hostile tactics during times of conflict compared to mixed-sex couples.
D) Despite legalization, most same-sex couples do not report the desire to get married.
Question
According to Freud, if we lived in a society where there was no difference in sexual orientations, we would likely all be ____________.

A) Asexual
B) Homosexual
C) Heterosexual
D) Bisexual
Question
Which of the following is a factor that influences who we actually have sex with?

A) Personal values
B) Ability to attract desired sexual partners
C) The availability of members of the preferred sex/gender
D) All of the above
Question
According to Freud, we are all bisexual to some degree. What process best explains why bisexuality fails to manifest in most people after adolescence?

A) Manifest destiny
B) Socialization
C) Evolutionary psychology
D) Physiology
Question
What is one relationship obstacle that research has shown to be particularly problematic for gay men compared to heterosexual men and lesbian women?

A) Gay men are more likely to be unfaithful after promising to be monogamous.
B) Gay men do not like to discuss their feelings.
C) Gay men have increased difficulty with interpersonal rejection.
D) Gay men prefer to have multiple partners, but prefer partners who are monogamous.
Question
According to Rust, which of the following is true about both bisexual men and bisexual women?

A) Most were more emotionally attracted to men and more physically attracted to women.
B) Most were more emotionally attracted to women and more physically attracted to men.
C) There was no difference in emotional and physical attraction to men and women.
D) Most were interested in serial monogamy and alternating the sex of the partner.
Question
What percent of the male population self-identifies as bisexual?

A) Less than 1 per cent
B) 2 per cent
C) 3 per cent
D) 5 per cent
Question
Members of which group have the most sex?

A) Mixed couples
B) Gay men
C) Lesbian women
D) Asexuals
Question
Members of which group tend to become less monogamous as a relationship progresses?

A) Mixed couples where one member identifies as bisexual
B) Lesbian women
C) Mixed couples
D) Gay men
Question
Which of the following is a major challenge faced by bisexual-identified people?

A) Identity confusion, because they cannot decide which sex they are more attracted to
B) Greater sexual fulfilment, because they hedonistically pursue pleasure with everyone
C) Isolation, because a substantial bisexual community does not exist
D) Displeasure in their relationships, because they are more frequently engaged in non-monogamy
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Deck 11: Sexualaffectional Orientations and Diversity
1
In 1835, if a man had sex with another man, how would it affect his perceived sexual identity?

A) He would be considered homosexual.
B) He would be considered queer.
C) He would be considered female.
D) It would not challenge his sexual identity.
D
2
In the mid-twentieth century, which of the following was NOT a common perception of homosexuals?

A) They were predatory.
B) They were promiscuous.
C) They were unhappy.
D) They were dependable.
D
3
What term is used to describe the interaction between affect and cognition such that it produces attraction, erotic desire, and ultimately feelings of love for members of the other sex, the same sex, or both?

A) Affectional orientation
B) Emotional orientation
C) Sexual orientation
D) Attachment orientation
A
4
In what year did the term "homosexual" come into common usage?

A) 1268
B) 1689
C) 1869
D) 1902
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5
On what basis do some researchers criticize the term "sexual orientation"?

A) It ignores the issue of gender.
B) It emphasizes emotional connections as the foundation for all relationships.
C) It ignores the fact that people can be attracted to more than one sex.
D) It overemphasizes the sexual aspects of an orientation.
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6
The word "homosexual" entered the English language only in 1869 because before then ________.

A) the strong Christian church influence prevented any discussion of homosexuality
B) the term was taboo considering the rumours surrounding the English royalty
C) the prevalent terms were "men-lover" for men and "Sappho" for women
D) everyone in the English-speaking society was assumed to be heterosexual
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7
What is the main reason why gays and lesbians stopped using the term "homosexual"?

A) "Homo" means "man" and therefore the term did not apply to lesbians.
B) It did not allow for people to be interested in both sexes.
C) It assumed that people who were in a relationship and the same biological sex were also the same gender, which is not always true.
D) The word "homosexual" had a very negative meaning within society.
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8
The Klein Sexual Orientation Grid includes measure of how many components?

A) Three
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Nine
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9
What does having a gay identity indicate?

A) The person has a certain sexual preference, worldview, and self-perception.
B) The person believes that affectional orientation is a result of experience and social constructs.
C) The person believes that affectional orientation is innate.
D) The person prefers to have sexual partners who are the same biological sex as they are.
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10
Which of the following is the most important characteristic of an identity label that a person adopts for themselves?

A) It describes their behaviour.
B) The label differentiates them from groups with which they do not wish to be associated.
C) The label has personal significance.
D) It is a well-known label in their culture.
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11
Max holds a social constructionist view of identity labels and dislikes them. He has always had physical and emotional relationships with other men and is not interested in having physical or emotional relationships with women. When describing himself, what identity group is Max most likely to choose?

A) Man who has sex with men (MSM)
B) Gay
C) Undecided
D) Queer
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12
If you want to avoid implying that a person's sexual/affection preferences are the same as a person's essence, how should you describe a woman who has romantic and sexual relationships and fantasies only with other women?

A) "She is queer."
B) "She is a lesbian."
C) "She is a homosexual."
D) "She is a lesbian woman."
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13
In order to differentiate between a person's identity and a person's essence, words such as "gay" or "lesbian" are best used as which part of speech?

A) Adverb
B) Adjective
C) Verb
D) Noun
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14
Why do many women with a same-sex attraction prefer the term lesbian over gay?

A) It is more historically accurate, dating back to the 18th century.
B) It reinforces desired stereotypes associated with the feminine mystique.
C) It carries with it certain political allegiances to female solidarity and feminist ideology.
D) It refers to sexual behaviours rather than the spectrum of attractions and affections.
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15
Which of the following is most accurate regarding sexual identities?

A) The sexual identity of gay, lesbian, or bisexual does not change once someone has engaged in sexual activity with a member of the same sex.
B) The sexual identity one adopts during early adolescence is immutable.
C) The sexual identity labels people give themselves may change over the course of their lives.
D) All of the above
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16
Why would someone adopt a sexual identity different from their sexual behaviours or sexual attraction?

A) Psychological dysfunction
B) Immutable sexual identities
C) Social acceptance
D) Cognitive dissonance
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17
Why would someone adopt a queer sexual identity?

A) Sexual identities are more accurately reflected in this description because it suggests that there is no variation in sexual identity categories.
B) Sexual identities are entirely socially constructed and may not accurately reflect individual experience.
C) Sexual identities are theoretical and based on sexual behaviours alone, and this identity more accurately reflects behaviours.
D) Sexual identities other than heterosexuality are historically rooted in sexual deviance and therefore more accurately reflect individuals.
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18
In a study by Lori Brotto of UBC, asexual men reported lower sexual response than is indicated by available normative data, yet they masturbated __________.

A) more frequently than the normative data
B) less frequently than the normative data
C) almost never in comparison to normative data
D) with the same frequency as the normative data
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19
Which orientation best describes people who have the capacity to fall in love romantically with another person, even if they do not feel sexual desire for that person?

A) Queer
B) Two-spirited
C) Asexual
D) Bisexual
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20
Approximately what proportion of British people self-identified as asexual in the research study discussed in your text?

A) 1 in 10,000
B) 1 in 1000
C) 1 in 100
D) 1 in 50
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21
Based on Lori Brotto's study of self-identified asexual individuals, what is the best way to conceptualize asexuality?

A) As a lack of sexual attraction to others
B) As a lack of affectional orientation
C) As a lack of sexual opportunities
D) As a lack of all sexual activity
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22
HIV-prevention efforts typically target which group of people?

A) Men who have sex with men
B) Bisexual men and women
C) Lesbian women
D) Gay men
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23
Steven and Emily met through a dating site for asexual people and have been in a loving relationship for several months. They cuddle a lot but don't touch in a sexually arousing way. One day Emily catches Steven masturbating. She accuses him of lying to her about his asexuality. Was he necessarily lying?

A) Yes. Asexual individuals feel no sexual desire and no physiological arousal, so they never masturbate.
B) Yes. Asexuality is a temporary condition, and masturbation means that the individual is again feeling normative sexual desire.
C) No. Asexual individuals feel little or no sexual attraction, but they still masturbate as frequently as normative individuals.
D) No. Asexuality means little or no sexual attraction to certain partners, but normative attraction to other potential partners, usually of the same sex.
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24
Sharon believes that her attraction towards men is inborn and unchangeable, independent from where she grew up and what people around her think is attractive and what is not. What viewpoint does she represent?

A) Absolutism
B) Social constructionism
C) Essentialism
D) Social reductionism
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25
Stacy, a woman attracted to other women, prefers to call herself "lesbian" rather than "gay." Why could that be?

A) A gay identity carries a preference for many casual sexual partners, while a lesbian identity is assumed by women in stable, long-term relationships.
B) Gay women are generally masculine, while lesbian women are mostly feminine.
C) Gay women are attracted to both feminine and masculine women, while lesbian women are attracted only to feminine women.
D) A lesbian identity generally carries political allegiances to female solidarity and feminist ideology, which the gay identity doesn't include.
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26
Alex and Lee call themselves "queer," which means that __________.

A) they don't want to be labelled with any sexual identity
B) they have undergone gender reassignment surgery
C) they are pansexual
D) Both B and C
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27
At a frat-house party Jenny saw her crush, Tom, make out with another guy. She was confused because Tom never said he was gay or bi and he talked about hot girls a lot. Was his behaviour unusual?

A) No. Studies show that most men who self-identify as heterosexual regularly engage in sexual relations with other men.
B) Yes. Studies show that once sexual identity is formed in adolescence, people tend to be attracted exclusively to one gender.
C) Yes. Studies show that discrepancies among sexual identity, sexual behaviour, and sexual desire are extremely rare.
D) No. Studies show that there are often discrepancies among sexual identity, sexual behaviour, and sexual desire.
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28
Which term refers to an identity status that is intended to not label one's sexuality?

A) Lesbian
B) Queer
C) Bisexual
D) Gay
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29
What term is used to describe the fear, dislike, and/or intolerance that gay and lesbian individuals may feel toward themselves and/or others with a same-sex orientation, often resulting from negative social influences?

A) Biophobia
B) Internalized homophobia
C) Homonegativity
D) Heterosexism
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30
What social condition is best described by the following excerpt? "Despite the fact that research has shown variations in affectional orientation, sexual identity, and gender identity to be normal, non-heterosexual individuals continue to suffer from varying degrees of prejudice, discrimination, and oppression world-wide. Same-sex sexual relationships remain illegal in over 70 countries, and in some places offenders are flogged or even put to death. Even in countries in which such relationships are legal, gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals frequently face negative consequences in their daily lives. All too often, the prejudices they face take the form of hate speech. Indeed, research consistently finds that the vast majority of gay and lesbian individuals have been verbally abused at some point in their lives."

A) Homophobia, biphobia, queerphobia
B) Heterosexism
C) Conversion therapy
D) Internalized homophobia
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31
Which term refers to the belief that heterosexual people are superior to LGBTQ+ people?

A) Heterosexism
B) Homophobia
C) Homonegativity
D) Queerism
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32
Salma is part of a culture where people who show attraction to people of the same sex are shunned and forbidden from ever contacting their family members again. Salma is afraid to admit she is attracted to other women, so she marries and has children. Salma's limited choices in life are the result of what aspect of her culture?

A) Homophobia
B) Heterosexism
C) Homonegativity
D) Queerophobia
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33
Robert Spitzer claimed that sexual orientation could be changed if the people who wanted to change really wanted to change. What did Spitzer do 10 years after he made his claim?

A) Spitzer admitted that he was gay and openly married another man.
B) Spitzer stood by his claim and showed that 10 years later the "converted" men were still in heterosexual relationships.
C) Spitzer apologized to the gay community.
D) Spitzer extended his claim to suggest that same-sex attraction is the result of neurotoxins found in many brands of house paint.
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34
Eric has always been attracted to other men but abstains from sexual activity and loathes himself for his preference. What term describes Eric's feelings towards himself?

A) Internalized homophilia
B) Internalized homophobia
C) Internalized asexuality
D) Homophobia
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35
What term refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals of other sexual orientations and genders, based on the implicit assumption that heterosexuality is the norm?

A) Heterosexism
B) Homophily
C) Heterocentrism
D) Biphobia
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36
Anna has been invited with a plus-one to her cousin's traditional Polish wedding in a Toronto suburb. Anna isn't dating any man at the time, so she wants to RSVP with her best friend, Judy, as Judy has never been to a Polish wedding. Anna's mother is aghast at the idea, explaining that everyone would assume that Anna and Judy are lesbian perverts and it would be a great shame and disgrace for Anna's mother to be suspected of having brought up a homosexual under her Catholic roof. She orders Anna to bring a male date or not to come at all. What attitude does Anna's mother display?

A) Homonegativity
B) Heterosexism
C) Homophobia
D) All of the above
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37
Elisa started a new job and was excited to meet her new co-workers. During the orientation one of the team leaders asked her if she had a boyfriend. Elisa did not know what to answer, since she was currently dating another woman. Which of the following best describes Elisa's experience?

A) Heterocentrism
B) Homonegativity
C) Heterosexism
D) Internalized homophobia
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38
Nate is an openly gay man. What is the probability that during his life, Nate will be a victim of physical violence because he is gay?

A) 5 per cent
B) 10 per cent
C) 20 per cent
D) 50 per cent
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39
According to a recent American study, which of the following is the strongest predictor of hate-crime victimization of LGBTQ+ individuals?

A) An LGBTQ+ individual's physical appearance
B) Beliefs about the morality of same-sex sexual behaviours
C) An LGBTQ+ individual's openness about their sexual orientation
D) Media portrayals of LGBTQ+ individuals
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40
Lucy grew up in a community where homosexuality was considered a disgusting sin. She has been attracted to women but dated men to fit in. She recently moved to Vancouver and met several openly lesbian women, but she's still struggling with shedding the guilt of the immorality of her attractions. Her new friends recommend __________ therapy to help her see her identity as positive.

A) hormonal
B) conversion
C) LGBTQ+ affirmative
D) psychoanalytic
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41
According to Kitzinger and Wilkinson, what causes a person's sexual attractions to be one way or another?

A) Sexual attraction is mostly the result of environmental factors.
B) Sexual attraction is probably the result of both biological and environmental factors.
C) Sexual attraction is mostly the result of biological factors.
D) The question is pointless to research because it cannot be tested with methods currently available.
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42
What type of therapy used to attempt to change an individual's sexual orientation to heterosexual has been labelled unethical?

A) Affirmative therapy
B) Conversion therapy
C) Motivational therapy
D) Heterosexist therapy
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43
Conversion therapy is ethically problematic because __________.

A) its goal is essentially to "fix" a minority population that is deemed to have undesirable traits
B) it targets only individuals with same-sex orientations
C) it is out of line with guidelines to "avoid bringing harm to the client" that every reputable mental health professional is obliged to follow
D) All of the above
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44
Antoine and Mathieu are identical twins. Mathieu is gay. What is the likelihood that Antoine is also gay?

A) 12 per cent
B) 27 per cent
C) 37 per cent
D) 52 per cent
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45
What field of study has most consistently found that the causality of same-sex sexual/affectional orientation was hand preference and fraternal birth order?

A) Environmental
B) Social
C) Psychological
D) Biological
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46
Researchers have found notable differences in the size of which of the following brain regions in gay men and heterosexual men?

A) The pituitary gland
B) The thyroid gland
C) The thalamus
D) The hypothalamus
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47
According to Blanchard et al., gay men are more likely than straight men to be which of the following?

A) Left handed
B) Highly religious
C) A twin
D) The oldest sibling
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48
What type of study revealed the following finding regarding male same-sex sexual orientation? "Where at least one twin was homosexual, 52% of monozygotic twins and 22% of dizygotic twins were both homosexual. (By comparison, in cases in which at least one adoptive brother was homosexual, 11% of these brothers were both homosexual.) "

A) Sociobiological
B) Anatomy
C) Hormones/neural processes
D) Genetics
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49
Patrick is a gay man who's never seen himself as unique because of his sexual preference. He usually dismisses statements about non-sexual differences between gay and straight men as factoids, so he was surprised to learn that there is actual research evidence that gay men __________ compared to heterosexual men.

A) have much less body hair
B) are much worse at whistling
C) are more frequently colour-blind
D) are more frequently left-handed
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50
Liam's mother reveals that although she'd never hid from him that he was adopted, she did hide that he had an identical twin brother in another province. As Liam, a gay man, tries to track his brother down, he wonders what the chances are that he will be gay as well. What is the probability?

A) It is almost certain, as studies show that where one twin is gay, 93% of identical twins are both gay.
B) It is very low, as studies show that where one twin is gay, 7% of identical twins are both gay.
C) It's impossible to tell as there has been no research on siblings and sexual/affectational identity development.
D) It is better than chance as studies show that where one twin is gay, 52% of identical twins are both gay.
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51
When the effect of prenatal exposure to androgen was hypothesized as a factor contributing to whether a female fetus will grow to be a lesbian woman, what did researchers find?

A) Androgen exposure had no effect on sexual attraction or identity in lesbian women.
B) There was a strong positive correlation between androgen exposure and affectionate orientation.
C) There was a small negative correlation between androgen exposure and affectionate orientation.
D) Androgen exposure may play a role in masculine lesbian women but not in feminine lesbian women.
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52
What condition is required to hold true the research finding that men are more likely to have a same-sex affectional orientation if they have older brothers?

A) Right-handedness
B) Older sisters
C) Colour blindness
D) High testosterone
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53
Which of the following is true regarding same-sex affectional orientation?

A) Although same-sex oriented individuals may question their sexual identity to a greater extent at some point in their lives than do their heterosexual counterparts, most gay men believe they always had a strong sexual/affectional orientation to men.
B) Although childhood sexual abuse can cause psychological damage and lead to confusion regarding one's sexual identity, there is no evidence that such trauma can alter one's affectional orientation.
C) An individual's affectional orientation is not dependent on the affectional orientation of her or his parents. Most gay and lesbian people were raised by heterosexual parents, and most children raised by same-sex parents turn out heterosexual.
D) All of the above
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54
In June, the Pride month in Canada and USA, Mindy changed her Facebook profile picture to include a rainbow-coloured filter over the photo of herself. She soon got a comment from a distant relative that "the gay lobby is spreading the gay propaganda and raising more gays by adopting innocent children." What facts can Mindy cite to counter this statement?

A) Most gay and lesbian people were raised by heterosexual parents, and most children raised by same-sex parents turn out heterosexual.
B) Research suggests that children raised in strongly homophobic families turn out homosexual twice as frequently as those raised in open-minded households.
C) While culture and society can shape the understanding and expression of our gender, there is no clear evidence that the same factors influence who we are romantically attracted to.
D) Both A and C
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55
Dominic is attracted to other men, and his feelings of being different have resulted in social alienation. Dominic is in which of Vivienne Cass's six stages of gay/lesbian development?

A) Identity tolerance
B) Identity comparison
C) Identity confusion
D) Identity acceptance
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56
According to the ecological model of LGBTQ+ identity, which of these two gay men could potentially have developed the most similar sexual identities?

A) Muslim Sharif from Teheran, Iran, and Catholic Marek from Warsaw, Poland
B) Atheist Terry from Toronto, Canada, and New Age Lance from Los Angeles, USA
C) New Age Lance from Los Angeles, USA, and Muslim Sharif from Teheran, Iran
D) Atheist Terry from Toronto, Canada, and Catholic Marek from Warsaw, Poland
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57
Although Canada, with its anti-discrimination legislation, is much more accepting of the LGBTQ+ community than many countries around the world, even here LGBTQ+ individuals might not want to disclose their sexual identity. Why?

A) They may be passed over for promotion at work because of their employer's bias.
B) They may be deeply connected to communities in which homophobia is highly prevalent.
C) Dependent children who disclose their identity might end up homeless, rejected by the family.
D) All of the above
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58
Which of the following is NOT true of sexual identity disclosure?

A) Self-identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual and disclosing this identity to others is associated with having better physical and mental health.
B) Studies have found that gay men and lesbian women who disclose their sexual identity to others experience worse mental health outcomes.
C) The general trend over the past few years is that non-heterosexual individuals are both self-identifying and disclosing their identities at younger ages than in the past.
D) In studies of gay and bisexual men, the incidence of diseases such as cancer, pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis, and tuberculosis was higher among the men who hid their gay identity from others than among men who did not.
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59
What is viewed as the biggest barrier to developing a positive LGBTQ+ identity?

A) Internalized homophobia
B) Cultural bias
C) Lack of opportunity to interact with other LGBTQ+ individuals
D) Fear of violence
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60
In which country, as described in the textbook, were marchers attacked at a Gay Pride parade in 2001?

A) Russia
B) Iran
C) Serbia
D) Hungary
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61
Laura and Mark have a positive attitude towards same-sex affectional orientations. Their 12-year-old son David has always preferred "feminine" activities and conveys a somewhat feminine persona when speaking. He has shown no interest in developing romantic relationships in middle school, though many of his peers are "dating." Laura and Mark suspect David is a gay adolescent. What is their best course of action?

A) Wait until David is 16 years old, but encourage him to speak to a therapist about his sexual identity before he becomes sexually active.
B) Assume David is a gay adolescent and impose the identity on him by talking to him "as though they already know" to help him be less fearful of "coming out."
C) Wait and allow David to express his sexual identity on his own.
D) Discourage David from adopting a gay sexual identity because this will likely lead to his being teased and ostracized.
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62
When analyzing research with members of the LGBTQ+ community, one should be aware of __________.

A) the sample bias: the research covers only those who chose to participate, excluding closeted or secretive members
B) the heteronormativity bias: the majority of researchers identify as heterosexual and treat other orientations as diverging from the norm
C) the confirmation bias: researchers who study the LGBTQ+ community want to portray it in the positive light and favour results that confirm their agenda
D) None of the above
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63
Ten-year-old David has been spending a lot of time reading fashion magazines and making clothes for his dolls. He prefers celebrity gossip with his sisters to playing sniper videogames with his brother. David's parents worry that such behaviour might mean that he will grow up to be gay, but their friend says such thinking is just an ugly stereotype. Who's right?

A) There is anecdotal evidence that many males who display highly effeminate behaviour in childhood later experience same-sex attraction, but it has not been proven in research.
B) Research supports that many males who display highly effeminate behaviour in childhood later experience same-sex attraction.
C) Research is inconclusive whether a boy's highly effeminate behaviour in childhood will result in experiencing same-sex attraction later in life.
D) Extensive research shows beyond doubt that boys' childhood behaviour has no reflection in their later sexual/affectational orientation.
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64
According to research, which couple type reports the highest level of relationship satisfaction?

A) Gay couples
B) Opposite-sex couples where one or both partners is bisexual
C) Heterosexual couples
D) Lesbian couples
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65
When compared to same-sex couples, which is true about mixed-sex couples?

A) Their relationship is more likely to end than a same-sex relationship.
B) They have less hostility at times of conflict than same-sex couples.
C) They are more likely to stay friends after the end of the relationship than same-sex couples.
D) They are more likely to come from the same socioeconomic demographic than same-sex couples.
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66
Why do some researchers suggest that divorce rates will likely be higher among same-sex couples compared to mixed-sex couples?

A) Same-sex couples have more alternative partners available to them.
B) More mixed-sex couples admit to staying together for the children.
C) Mixed-sex couples have been shown to take marriage more seriously than same-sex couples.
D) Same-sex couples are less likely to be monogamous.
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67
What limitation is present in most research on LGBTQ+ people since many members of this community may be secretive or closeted, and the people who take part in research are more likely to be "out" and open?

A) Replicability
B) Survey reliability
C) Sample bias
D) Social desirability bias
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68
Which of the following is a reason that lesbian couples report greater relationship satisfaction than do either gay or heterosexual couples?

A) Their desire for and achievement of equality in their relationships
B) The social support they garner for their lives together
C) The high value placed on emotional intimacy
D) All of the above
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69
Which of the following is true about gay men in relationships?

A) Non-monogamous gay male couples are as satisfied in their relationships as monogamous gay male couples.
B) Stereotypical gender roles are often adhered to.
C) Marital satisfaction is primarily based on the sexual component of the relationship.
D) All of the above
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70
One of the differences between mixed- and same-sex relationships is that __________.

A) mixed-sex relationships have a higher likelihood of ending compared to same-sex relationships
B) same-sex couples tend to use fewer hostile tactics during times of conflict compared to mixed-sex couples
C) same-sex oriented individuals are more likely to seek partners of similar age, race, and socioeconomic status to their own compared to mixed-sex oriented individuals
D) mixed-sex partners are more likely to stay friends after they break up compared to same-sex partners
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71
Which of the following is NOT true regarding same-sex relationships?

A) Same-sex partners are more likely than mixed-sex partners to remain friends after relationship dissolution.
B) Same-sex oriented individuals are less likely to seek partners whose demographic characteristics, including age, race, and socioeconomic status, are similar to their own.
C) Gay and lesbian couples tend to be less controlling and to use fewer hostile tactics during times of conflict compared to mixed-sex couples.
D) Despite legalization, most same-sex couples do not report the desire to get married.
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72
According to Freud, if we lived in a society where there was no difference in sexual orientations, we would likely all be ____________.

A) Asexual
B) Homosexual
C) Heterosexual
D) Bisexual
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73
Which of the following is a factor that influences who we actually have sex with?

A) Personal values
B) Ability to attract desired sexual partners
C) The availability of members of the preferred sex/gender
D) All of the above
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74
According to Freud, we are all bisexual to some degree. What process best explains why bisexuality fails to manifest in most people after adolescence?

A) Manifest destiny
B) Socialization
C) Evolutionary psychology
D) Physiology
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75
What is one relationship obstacle that research has shown to be particularly problematic for gay men compared to heterosexual men and lesbian women?

A) Gay men are more likely to be unfaithful after promising to be monogamous.
B) Gay men do not like to discuss their feelings.
C) Gay men have increased difficulty with interpersonal rejection.
D) Gay men prefer to have multiple partners, but prefer partners who are monogamous.
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76
According to Rust, which of the following is true about both bisexual men and bisexual women?

A) Most were more emotionally attracted to men and more physically attracted to women.
B) Most were more emotionally attracted to women and more physically attracted to men.
C) There was no difference in emotional and physical attraction to men and women.
D) Most were interested in serial monogamy and alternating the sex of the partner.
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77
What percent of the male population self-identifies as bisexual?

A) Less than 1 per cent
B) 2 per cent
C) 3 per cent
D) 5 per cent
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78
Members of which group have the most sex?

A) Mixed couples
B) Gay men
C) Lesbian women
D) Asexuals
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79
Members of which group tend to become less monogamous as a relationship progresses?

A) Mixed couples where one member identifies as bisexual
B) Lesbian women
C) Mixed couples
D) Gay men
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80
Which of the following is a major challenge faced by bisexual-identified people?

A) Identity confusion, because they cannot decide which sex they are more attracted to
B) Greater sexual fulfilment, because they hedonistically pursue pleasure with everyone
C) Isolation, because a substantial bisexual community does not exist
D) Displeasure in their relationships, because they are more frequently engaged in non-monogamy
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Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 117 flashcards in this deck.