Deck 2: Community Policing in the 21st Century

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a paradigm shift in policing?

A) The spoils system during the political era was replaced by a more professional structure.
B) The long-gone method of foot patrols was brought back to help improve community relations.
C) Politics, once divorced from policing, was once again considered a cornerstone of policing.
D) Community policing methods were challenged and then discredited by those who advocated for the older and more traditional methods.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Paradigm shifts occur when one set of thoughts, ideas, beliefs, values, and practices are challenged and then ______.

A) replaced
B) ignored
C) marginalized
D) disregarded

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which element is common to all three eras of policing?

A) spoils system
B) centralized nature
C) paramilitary organizational structure
D) professionalism

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a decentralized police organization?

A) Interpol
B) Federal Bureau of Investigation
C) County Sheriffs
D) U.S. Marshals Service

Question 5

The Marshals Service, established in 1789, is an example of a ______ force.

A) city
B) federal
C) state
D) county

Question 6

The introduction of police to American municipalities may be better understood from what type of perspective?

A) national
B) global
C) regional
D) local

Question 7

Which region, in the beginning, developed a more rigid concept of the policeman, with a uniformed, paramilitary ideal?

A) Midwest
B) Northeast
C) West
D) South

Question 8

Southern policing had its roots in which of the following?

A) enforcing Jim Crow laws
B) protecting the shipping industry
C) focusing on land claims
D) protection of rights and property

Question 9

The overarching impetus for policing was to protect the rights of those who were ______.

A) transients
B) property owners
C) immigrants
D) low-class status

Question 10

Which of the following eras was characterized by a close relationship between police and the public that was rife with corrupting influences?

A) community policing
B) professional
C) reform
D) political

Question 11

The earliest period was known as the ______ era.

A) political
B) reform
C) professional
D) community policing

Question 12

During the political era, the "adjuncts to local political machines" referred to which of the following?

A) police officers
B) public
C) interest groups
D) politicians

Question 13

The Reform Era was characterized by which of the following?

A) disorganization
B) randomness
C) chaos
D) sophistication

Question 14

Which of the following statements pertaining to the reform era is true?

A) Reforms were universal.
B) Separation of politics and policing was the main goal.
C) Police continued to provide emergency services.
D) The focus was on rehabilitation.

Question 15

Which of the following statements pertaining to the community policing era is true? Community policing ______.

A) is a passing fad
B) has had a very simple path
C) has endured
D) is known for not having any failures

Question 16

Which era was identified as being the most transformative to the relationship between police and the public?

A) political
B) reform
C) professional
D) community policing

Question 17

Which of the following was the first attempt to address police relations with the community?

A) foot patrol reinstatement
B) community relations
C) team policing
D) community policing

Question 18

The police community relations (PCR) movement was successful in that it ______.

A) created and implemented a split force structure
B) brought police and community together
C) was regarded as an important public relations tool
D) forced police to realize that there was a need for change

Question 19

The theory behind ______ was to decentralize and soften the rigid quasi-military structure.

A) team policing
B) police community relations
C) community policing
D) reinstating foot patrols

Question 20

Which of the following concepts contributed to the failure of team policing?

A) centralization of authority
B) increased discretionary authority in the field
C) greater latitude of innovation
D) higher input from higher levels of the police organization

Question 21

Which of the following was identified as an objective of the Newark, New Jersey, foot patrol experiment?

A) lessen citizens' fear of victimization
B) decrease arrests
C) attract attention
D) increase interest in the profession

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of one of the duties that a motor patrol officer in the 1960s charged with?

A) answering 911 calls
B) being the face of the department
C) getting to know the citizens
D) engaging in relationship building

Question 23

The 1967 President's Task Force Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice launched which policing movement?

A) political
B) reform
C) professional
D) community

Question 24

During the civil unrest of the 1960s, the value of the ______ was called into question.

A) police records system
B) police academy
C) police radio
D) motorized patrol

Question 25

Which theory was based off of Stanford psychologist Philip Zimbardo's 1969 study, in which he set up two abandoned cars with their hoods up, with one in a poor neighborhood and one in an affluent neighborhood?

A) routine activities
B) general strain
C) broken windows
D) social disorganization

Question 26

The history of policing reveals many transformative milestones in policing, such as motorized patrol, record-keeping, and the introduction of the radio.

Question 27

Much of what is wrong with policing has been institutionalized.

Question 28

The notion that police were needed was sparked by rampant criminal behavior during the 19th century.

Question 29

During the Reform Era, the police were guided by law.

Question 30

The historical underpinnings of community policing proscribing the way police should provide services to the public date back to Sir Robert Peel's principles.

Question 31

According to Sir Robert Peel, the basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.

Question 32

One of the Peelian principles states that police should seek and preserve public favor by pandering to public opinion.

Question 33

In the Newark, New Jersey, foot patrol study, foot patrol officers demonstrated increased morale and greater satisfaction with their jobs.

Question 34

During the 1960s, the re-implementation of foot patrols was welcomed by officers who were eager to mend strained relationships with people in the communities that they served.

Question 35

The broken windows theory is based on the notion that a broken window can create an environment ripe for crime if it goes unrepaired.

Question 36

Explain the importance of communication between police officers and the residents of the communities that they serve, especially during crises such as COVID-19.

Question 37

Discuss the spoils system. What is it? In what era was it prevalent?

Question 38

In your opinion, do today's police departments do a good job of adhering to the Peelian principles? Why or why not?

Question 39

Explain why the Flint Foot Patrol Study was considered a failure.