Deck 11: Making Arguments for Multiple Plausible Realities

Question 1

Recognizing that perceptions of reality are as important as any reality that exists independent of human perception is a sign of

A) Voice
B) Subjectivity
C) Rich description
D) All of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which view of culture holds that members' understanding of "what is going on here" is the most useful and important understanding for the ethnographer to grasp?

A) Emic view
B) Etic view
C) Ethical view
D) Both a and b

Answer 2

A

Question 3

To collect data, a researcher immerses himself in a social situation so that he can understand the evidence as fully as possible. He is trying to capture:

A) Voice
B) Subjectivity
C) Rich description
D) All of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

When a researcher starts with observations and then derives claims about the communication being observed, then the researcher is using this type of reasoning:

A) Causal
B) Deductive
C) Inductive
D) None of the above

Question 5

Some researchers move back and forth between what they are observing and their descriptions and interpretations as a way to uncover emerging patterns of communication. This process is known as

A) Grounded theory
B) Hermeneutic circle
C) Principle of covariation
D) Time order

Question 6

These claims address meanings in context and help us understand others' communication from their point of view

A) Interpretive
B) Critical
C) Quantitative Social Science
D) All of the above

Question 7

Reformist claims are most likely to be associated with which paradigm?

A) Quantitative social science
B) Interpretive
C) Critical
D) Both b and c

Question 8

When a researcher goes beyond merely describing practices and relationships to understanding what those practices and relationships mean to participants in a specific context, she has achieved this dimension or level of data collection to support her interpretive claim:

A) Observational domain
B) Interpretive schemes
C) Relations between observations
D) None of the above

Question 9

Unlike interpretive researchers, critical researchers:

A) Use both deductive and inductive reasoning to develop claims
B) Attempt to appreciate communication from the participants' perspective
C) Consider the effects of their standpoints when doing research
D) View meaning as contextual

Question 10

Critical researchers attempt to increase their audience's awareness of this type of oppression:

A) Standpoint
B) Reflexive
C) Ideological
D) Hegemonic

Question 11

This type of critical claim argues for the worth or importance of a social practice or communication behavior:

A) Reformist
B) Evaluative
C) Hegemonic
D) Ideological

Question 12

A researcher studies conversations that take place in women's support groups by attending support groups and interacting with the women. The source of evidence is:

A) Face-to-face interviews
B) Focus group interviews
C) Observation
D) Participant-observation

Question 13

An interpretive content analysis likely differs in these ways from a quantitative content analysis:

A) An interpretive researcher might induce themes from textual evidence to infer meanings
B) An interpretive researcher might evaluate the meanings found in the themes
C) An interpretive researcher's textual evidence might incorporate narrative discourse
D) All of the above are differences

Question 14

An interpretive or critical researcher is likely to use this sampling method to select participants or texts:

A) Simple random sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Stratified sampling
D) None of the above

Question 15

A key informant is:

A) Another researcher who has studied the particular community or group you are interested in studying.
B) An observer of the particular community or group you are interested in studying.
C) An articulate member of the particular community or group you are interested in studying.
D) An important source of documents used to inform the researcher about the particular community or group you are interested in studying.

Question 16

Humanistic researchers often rely on this source of textual evidence:

A) archive
B) field setting
C) institutional setting
D) None of the above

Question 17

When researchers use multiple data sources, settings, and data collection strategies in the same study to verify their findings or enrich the range of available subjective perspectives, they are using the process of

A) Operationalization
B) Conceptual definition
C) Random sampling
D) Triangulation

Question 18

A methodology used to develop theories by the systematic interplay between analysis and data collection is:

A) Analytic induction
B) Grounded theory approach
C) Naturalistic inquiry
D) Ethnography of communication

Question 19

A researcher makes a deliberate search for cases that do not fit interpretations tentatively made after a period of data collection and analysis and revises the interpretations based on the non-fitting cases found. The researcher has conducted a:

A) Negative case analysis
B) Deviant case sampling
C) Theoretical case sampling
D) Performance test case

Question 20

The three main warrants or standards for interpretive and critical research are:

A) Researcher credibility, plausibility of interpretations, and transferable findings
B) Researcher credibility, plausibility of interpretations, and impact of research
C) Researcher credibility, adequacy of evidence, and faithfulness
D) Faithfulness, adequacy of evidence, and confirmability
Essays:

Question 21

Imagine that your instructor has given you a qualitative research article to read. Discuss how you would determine whether the research has been conducted from an interpretive or critical approach. What are some key differences between interpretive and critical claims and arguments that you would focus on to make your determination?

Question 22

Select one of the three main warrants of interpretive and critical research, and explain how an interpretive or critical researcher would go about establishing that warrant.