Deck 6: Noncommunicable Diseases

Question 1

Which of the following is true of tests used for screening for disease?

A) One positive screening test is not usually sufficient to diagnose a disease.
B) Changes within the range of normal can be due to a disease.
C) The range of normal is not the same for all groups or populations.
D) All of these are correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the ideal criteria for a successful screening program is satisfied by the following statement: Colon cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer?

A) The disease produces substantial mortality or morbidity.
B) Early detection improves outcome.
C) There is a feasible testing strategy.
D) Screening is acceptable in terms of costs, harms, and patient acceptance.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the ideal criteria for a successful screening program is satisfied by the following statement: Screening those older than 50 years using fecal occult blood testing every year and flexible sigmoidoscopy every 3-5 years have been shown to be effective strategies for screening for colon cancer?

A) The disease produces substantial mortality or morbidity.
B) Early detection improves outcome.
C) There is a feasible testing strategy.
D) Screening is acceptable in terms of costs, harms, and patient acceptance.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the ideal criteria for a successful screening program is satisfied by the following statement: Detection of colon cancer prior to the development of symptoms results in a cure more frequently than detection of colon cancer after symptoms develop?

A) The disease produces substantial mortality or morbidity.
B) Early detection improves outcome.
C) There is a feasible testing strategy.
D) Screening is acceptable in terms of costs, harms, and patient acceptance.

Question 5

Which of the ideal criteria for a successful screening program is satisfied by the following statement: Screening for colon cancer has been approved for insurance coverage, and patients are increasingly undergoing the screening tests with a tolerable level of side effects?

A) The disease produces substantial mortality or morbidity.
B) Early detection improves outcome.
C) There is a feasible testing strategy.
D) Screening is acceptable in terms of costs, harms, and patient acceptance.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of QALYs?

A) A QALY may be interpreted as a year of life at full health compared to immediate death.
B) QALYs take into account the number of life-years saved.
C) In cost-effectiveness analysis, the cost of an additional QALY of less than $50,000 is often considered cost effective in the United States.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following can always be considered cost-effective?

A) An intervention that reduces the cost while increasing the net-benefit (net-effectiveness)
B) An intervention that reduces the cost while reducing the net-benefit (net-effectiveness)
C) An intervention that increases the net-benefit (net-effectiveness) while increasing the cost
D) An intervention that reduces the net-benefit (net-effectiveness) while increasing the cost

Question 8

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about opioids?

A) The current opioid epidemic began in 2015.
B) The widespread availability of rapidly acting prescription opioids has played a key role in the current opioid epidemic.
C) The term opioid is a synonym for narcotics.
D) The number of deaths from opioid abuse is considerably less than those from motor vehicle collisions.

Question 9

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about depression?

A) Depression is common among those aged 14-24 years, but is unusual among those 65 years and older.
B) Males and females respond in similar ways to depression.
C) Depression cannot be diagnosed before age 14 years.
D) Over 10% of women experience post-partum depression and the incidence greatly increases for those with previous post-partum depression.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the mortality due to drug overdoses in the United States?

A) Deaths from motor vehicle injuries exceed those from drug overdoses.
B) Deaths from drug overdoses imply the use of illegal drugs.
C) Deaths from drug overdoses exceed those from motor vehicle injuries.
D) Deaths from drug overdoses have declined rapidly in recent years.