Deck 4: Making Moral Judgments

Question 1

Moral claims commonly override all of the following except

A) legal claims.
B) prudential claims.
C) descriptive claims.
D) claims of etiquette.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Moral claims are universalizable, meaning that they

A) can always be generalized.
B) appeal to a standard.
C) must be either true or false.
D) override other kinds of claims.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Moral claims and values can conflict with all of the following except

A) other moral claims and values.
B) non-moral normative claims.
C) non-moral normative values.
D) descriptive claims.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Describing moral claims as either true or false means that they are

A) universalizable.
B) overriding.
C) normative.
D) None of the above

Question 5

Which is most likely to be a foundational moral principle?

A) I should not lie to my friend today.
B) Never treat persons as mere means.
C) People should not steal.
D) It is dangerous to speed.

Question 6

Which is a moral judgment?

A) I should not lie to my friend today.
B) Never treat persons as mere means.
C) People should not steal.
D) It is dangerous to speed.

Question 7

What universal moral claim is applied by the specific claim: "Jan owes Jill an apology for that unfair remark?"

A) "Jan always owes Jill apologies all the time."
B) "Jill is owed an apology for everyone's unfair remarks."
C) "When a person makes an unfair remark about another, the first owes the second an apology."
D) "Jill is kind when she speaks to Jan, so Jan should do the same."

Question 8

The pattern of thinking that leads us from foundational principles to other less general principles closely resembles the pattern called moral

A) reasoning
B) reflection.
C) judgment.
D) particularism.

Question 9

In order to derive the principle "Honest people never lie to others" from the golden rule, "Act towards others as you would want them to act towards you," one would have to appeal to one or more

A) additional foundational principles.
B) descriptive claims.
C) completed moral judgments.
D) normative claims.

Question 10

Which is most likely to be a moral principle that is not foundational?

A) Alison should not steal the unattended laptop in the next cubicle.
B) A right act should produce the greatest overall good in their effects.
C) Employers should not treat their employees as mere means to their own profit.
D) One should always do what leads to the greatest amount of overall happiness.

Question 11

The pattern called moral reflection appeals to all of the following except

A) descriptive claims.
B) universal principles.
C) considerations about the persons involved.
D) considerations about the interpersonal relationships involved.

Question 12

Both moral reasoning and moral reflection yield conclusions about what should be done or not done, called

A) descriptive claims.
B) foundational principles.
C) moral judgments.
D) personal considerations.

Question 13

Which sort of moral thinking employs one or more descriptive claims?

A) Standard moral reasoning
B) Deriving less general principles from more general moral principles
C) Moral reflection
D) All of the above

Question 14

Which sort of moral thinking does not include a moral principle?

A) Standard moral reasoning
B) Deriving less general principles from more general moral principles
C) Moral reflection
D) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is a moral claim?

A) The temperature got steadily lower as the clouds came in.
B) Please do not tell me that.
C) You should sit up straight.
D) People ought to drive carefully with kids around.

Question 16

In everyday situations, it is possible for a moral concern to arise, which is accompanied by a conflicting

A) prudential concern.
B) legal concern.
C) moral concern.
D) All of the above

Question 17

In saying that moral claims can always be generalized, we are saying that moral claims are

A) normative.
B) truth claims.
C) overriding.
D) universalizable.

Question 18

Since moral claims ultimately appeal to some moral standard, they are

A) normative.
B) truth claims.
C) overriding.
D) universalizable.

Question 19

Which of the following is a normative claim?

A) The soup on the stove is hot.
B) Babies are lovable.
C) I need a ride home from the gym.
D) People ought to drive carefully with kids around.

Question 20

Moral reasoning must appeal to

A) descriptive claims.
B) an existing moral judgment.
C) considerations about the persons involved.
D) considerations about the interpersonal relationships involved.

Question 21

In order to derive the principle "Morally good people do not lie to others" from the golden rule, "Act towards others as you would want them to act towards you," one would have to include a claim such as _______ in their reasoning.

A) "One should not lie to other people."
B) "Honesty is an important moral virtue."
C) "No one likes being lied to."
D) "True moral goodness is challenging to achieve."

Question 22

Moral particularism maintains that

A) a moral principle must be applied to a particular situation to infer a moral judgement.
B) one can arrive at a moral judgement without appealing to any moral principle.
C) moral principles are essential to moral thinking.
D) any one claim or principle can be derived from a particular foundational moral principle.

Question 23

Truth claims contrast with purely emotional expressions, questions, and commands, though we often interchange commands with their corresponding prescriptive claims.

Question 24

Moral particularism maintains that our moral thinking can use a pattern of reasoning that appeals to no moral principles.

Question 25

Moral claims override prudential claims, though people sometimes choose to prioritize their own interests over morality.

Question 26

If one type of claim overrides a second, then the first is to be considered more important and is the one to be used in making judgments.

Question 27

Descriptive claims typically play an important role in all kinds of moral thinking-whether it's moral reasoning, deriving another principle from a foundational principle, or reaching a judgment through moral reflection.

Question 28

It is possible for values held by the same individual to conflict with one another.

Question 29

Moral reflection uses normative claims to "frame" the overall moral setting of a conflict.

Question 30

A moral principle provides a limited moral claim about a specific situation or person.