Deck 1: Introducing Crime and Criminal Justice

Question 1

Labeling criminal justice as a system suggests

A) There is a process through which all cases progress.
B) The system is orderly and predictable, following steps that do not change.
C) The agencies work together and share goals.
D) All of the above.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Crimes are those acts that are

A) Deviant acts.
B) Different from the way the majority of society conducts itself.
C) Prohibited by the laws of a country, state, city, and so forth.
D) All of the above.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The academic impact on criminal justice policy takes place within which two models?

A) Evidence based practice and translational criminology
B) Scientific criminology and use of force
C) Law enforcement training and deviance control
D) Research and evidence based practice.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Emergency management is

A) The study of how to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disaster or crisis situations.
B) The study of why persons commit crime.
C) The application of scientific principles to cases progressing through the legal system.
D) The study of why people become victims of crime.

Question 5

Nullum crimen sine lege, nulla poena sine lege, translated, means

A) Deviance and crime are one and the same.
B) There can be no crime without a law, and there can be no punishment without a law.
C) There is no need for laws for things that society already agrees are wrong.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an example of discretion?

A) A police officer can decide whether to give a speeding motorist a ticket or a warning.
B) A prosecuting attorney can decide what the formal criminal charge should be in a case.
C) The law requires a judge to sentence an offender to prison.
D) All of the above.

Question 7

The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is

A) The official source of crime data in the United States.
B) Compiled by the judicial system.
C) A report compiled every 10 years.
D) All of the above.

Question 8

Crimes labeled as mala in se are

A) Murder, rape, and robbery.
B) Acts that are inherently bad and there is near universal agreement that they are wrong by their very nature.
C) Are not viewed as inherently bad.
D) Both a and b.

Question 9

To qualify as a profession, a career field must

A) Require a common educational background, usually a college degree.
B) Adopt a code of ethics to guide professional practice.
C) Engage in specialized tasks that cannot be accomplished by those outside the profession.
D) All of the above.

Question 10

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

A) Collects more detailed data about individual criminal events than the UCR.
B) Includes information about the victim, offender, and incident.
C) Is available to researchers and government agencies so they can research issues related to crime and victimization.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Because homicide cases are often given the highest priority in terms of investigative resources, murder has the highest

A) Occurrence.
B) Clearance rate.
C) Publicity.
D) Number of cold cases.

Question 12

If you perceive that there is a process through which all cases progress, defined by a series of steps or activities that must occur in each case, then you perceive that

A) Criminal justice is a profession.
B) Criminal justice is a craft.
C) Criminal justice is a system.
D) Criminal justice is bureaucracy.

Question 13

The true growth of criminal justice as an academic discipline began in the 1970s by the development of what organization?

A) The Law Enforcement Education Program (LEEP).
B) The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS).
C) The Uniform Crime Report (UCR).
D) The Youth Risk Behavior Study (YRBS).

Question 14

Whether viewed from the lens of system, profession, bureaucracy, moral agent, or academic discipline, criminal justice is fundamentally about what?

A) Determining why criminals commit crime.
B) How we address the problem of crime in society.
C) Deciding which lens is truly what criminal justice is.
D) Reducing crime.

Question 15

The criminal justice system is composed of the police, court, and correctional agencies, all three of which work together. Which of the five perspectives of criminal justice is this an example of?

A) Moral agent.
B) Profession.
C) System.
D) Academic discipline.

Question 16

Criminal justice practitioners are influenced by the general idea of what society perceives to be right and wrong. Which of the five perspectives of criminal justice is this an example of?

A) Academic discipline.
B) Profession.
C) System.
D) Moral agent.

Question 17

The criminal justice system is governed by many rules, policies, and procedures; is organized in a hierarchy with clear lines of supervision of employees; requires substantial amounts of paperwork to document activities; and requires training of employees. Which of the five perspectives of criminal justice is this an example of?

A) Bureaucracy.
B) Moral agent.
C) Profession.
D) Academic discipline.

Question 18

The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is

A) A collection of details about specific crimes.
B) Based on information reported by law enforcement agencies and includes the number of occurrences of each particular crime.
C) Prepared by the FBI.
D) Both b and c.

Question 19

Murder, rape, robbery (i.e., taking another person's property through the use or threat of force, such as a holdup), and aggravated assault are included in the

A) Random crime rate.
B) Violent crime rate.
C) Soft crime rate.
D) Hard crime rate.

Question 20

Burglary (i.e., breaking and entering), larceny (i.e., stealing another person's property, such as shoplifting), and motor vehicle theft are included in the

A) Violent crime rate.
B) Soft crime rate .
C) Property crime rate.
D) Random crime rate.

Question 21

Criminal justice is an interdisciplinary field. Determine which area of inquiry the following example demonstrates: Scientists analyze the DNA collected at the scene of a crime.

A) Emergency management.
B) Forensic science.
C) Homeland security.
D) Victimology.

Question 22

Criminal justice is an interdisciplinary field. Determine which area of inquiry the following example demonstrates: A study is conducted that examines people who committed robbery and their motivation for doing so.

A) Victimology.
B) Emergency management.
C) Law and legal studies.
D) Criminology.

Question 23

Criminal justice is an interdisciplinary field. Determine which area of inquiry the following example demonstrates: Lawyers must attend law school to enter their field.

A) Criminology.
B) Law and legal studies.
C) Forensic science.
D) Emergency management.

Question 24

Criminal justice is an interdisciplinary field. Determine which area of inquiry the following example demonstrates: A business installs new software that helps prevent the information stored on their computer systems from being obtained by criminals and used to steal their revenue. The software is a result of studies done on companies whose personal information was stolen.

A) Forensic science.
B) Emergency management.
C) Victimology. (P. 7)
D) Criminology.

Question 25

The police, courts, and corrections all work together to process a case, from start to finish. This view is in agreement with

A) Criminal justice as a system. (P. 21)
B) Criminal justice as profession.
C) Criminal justice as bureaucracy.
D) Criminal justice as academic discipline.

Question 26

Some scholars have argued that criminal justice is a nonsystem. Which of the following supports this view?

A) Criminal justice agencies are not neatly networked into a cohesive single unit; indeed, there is no single authority that oversees all of criminal justice practice in the United States.
B) Although the systems model appears fairly rigid, it is important to recognize that there is discretion at every decision point.
C) Agreement does not exist on philosophies or system goals among all criminal justice agencies or even among all persons within an agency.
D) All of the above.

Question 27

Consider the following example. Some judges may believe strongly in working to rehabilitate offenders, whereas others may believe equally strongly in sending offenders to harsh prison environments. What does this demonstrate?

A) Criminal justice working as a system.
B) The discretion in criminal justice.
C) Criminal justice is a moral entity.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

This requires a common educational background, generally associated with a college degree, and the members engage in specialized tasks that cannot be accomplished by those outside of themselves.

A) An organization.
B) A profession.
C) A craft.
D) A job.

Question 29

The LEAA created the Law Enforcement Education Program (LEEP) to

A) Fund college-level criminal justice education.
B) Study the association of age and crime.
C) Examine the different areas of the United States and crime in each.
D) All of the above.

Question 30

In the 1970s, many criminal justice classes focused more on _____________________ than on an academic study of criminal justice theories and policy debates.

A) Crime.
B) Vocational training.
C) Research.
D) All of the above.

Question 31

The development of criminal justice as an academic area of study is beneficial for what reason?

A) Colleges now have more to teach.
B) People can now major in criminal justice.
C) It has brought with it an increase in the number of persons

Question 32

A deviant act is a crime (and can be punished by the criminal justice system) only if

A) There is a specific law against it.
B) Several people believe it to be wrong.
C) Society as a whole feels it is immoral.
D) The person committing the crime knows it to be wrong.

Question 33

Murder is classified as

A) Mala prohibita.
B) Mala in se.
C) Socially constructed.
D) All of the above.

Question 34

Gambling is classified as

A) Mala prohibita.
B) Mala in se.
C) Socially constructed.
D) All of the above.

Question 35

Laws that required businesses to be closed and prohibited other activities on Sundays are known as

A) Mala prohibita.
B) Mala in se.
C) Blue laws.
D) Yellow laws.

Question 36

The level of prestige held by members of society for criminal justice has

A) Increased in recent years.
B) Decreased in recent years.
C) Remained stagnant because of scandals in the media.
D) Both b and c.

Question 37

Typical crimes

A) Are the main focus of the criminal justice system.
B) Refer to one-on-one harm.
C) Capture either physical injury or loss of something valuable.
D) All of the above.

Question 38

Crime can be measured in a variety of ways. Some of these include

A) Uniform Crime Report (UCR).
B) National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS).
C) Crime-Gathering Process (CGP).
D) Both a and b.

Question 39

Since the 1990s, crime has

A) Increased.
B) Decreased.
C) Stayed the same.
D) Decreased and then increased.

Question 40

Criminal justice has been called a nonsystem because criminal justice agencies are not neatly networked into a cohesive single unit and there is no single authority that oversees all of criminal justice practice in the United States.

Question 41

The earliest roots of criminal justice education were in the 1920s, when a very small number of universities began offering criminal justice courses and programs.

Question 42

The bureaucratic model is the reality and poses some constraints within which the criminal justice system and its employees must work.

Question 43

Crimes that were once viewed as solely mala prohibita may come to be universally recognized as mala in se.

Question 44

Definitions of crime are not static.

Question 45

In a bureaucratic agency, all employees are equal, with none supervising others.

Question 46

Crimes labeled mala prohibita are viewed as inherently bad and most people agree they are crimes.

Question 47

Deciding that something is a crime does not automatically put a stop to the behavior in question, nor does it guarantee that the law will be enforced as it was intended.

Question 48

The criminal justice system is composed of a variety of police, court, and correctional agencies.

Question 49

Those behaviors considered deviant by society are also always illegal.

Question 50

Discussions and debates about competing goals may be helpful for the criminal justice system because they may generate new ideas for policies or programs.

Question 51

Agreement exists on philosophies or system goals among all criminal justice agencies and among all persons within an agency.

Question 52

Bureaucracies and politics are always separate.

Question 53

Criminology as an academic discipline is useful for developing an understanding of why crime occurs..

Question 54

LEEP helped create a fast-growing segment of academia by backing the establishment of criminal justice training departments in universities nationwide.

Question 55

The scientific study of theoretical perspectives on crime and justice can help shape the development of effective criminal justice policy.

Question 56

One key task of government is to determine which acts cause sufficient concern, or are serious enough, to define as criminal.

Question 57

Definitions of crime are static.

Question 58

Definitions of crime are not static; they are always changing.

Question 59

Murder has the highest clearance rate.

Question 60

To be considered a profession, a career field must engage in specialized tasks that cannot be accomplished by those outside the profession.

Question 61

There is no need for a profession to adopt an ethical code to guide its professional practices.

Question 62

Although the systems model of crime appears fairly rigid, it is important to recognize that there is discretion at every decision point.

Question 63

The study of criminal justice is an interdisciplinary endeavor, which overlaps with several related areas of inquiry, including criminology, emergency management, forensic science, and homeland security.

Question 64

Emergency management involves identifying and responding to threats to national security.

Question 65

Most forensic science work is done in laboratories, where scientists analyze material that was collected by others at crime scenes.

Question 66

To view criminal justice from a systems perspective, you must believe that agencies carefully collaborate to ensure that cases are processed efficiently.

Question 67

The primary advantage to the nonsystem perspective of criminal justice is that it does outline the basic criminal justice process, with a common vocabulary that professionals within the criminal justice system do indeed use.

Question 68

One fact in support of the system perspective of criminal justice is that criminal justice agencies are not neatly networked into a cohesive single unit; indeed, there is no single authority that oversees all of criminal justice practice in the United States.

Question 69

A supporting factor of the nonsystem view of criminal justice is the fact that discretion does exist among criminal justice professionals.

Question 70

No laws or rules can be violated when making discretionary decisions, but criminal justice professionals usually have fairly wide latitude.

Question 71

A police officer can decide whether to give a speeding motorist a ticket or a warning; this is an example of the police officer's discretion.

Question 72

Some judges may believe strongly in working to rehabilitate offenders, whereas others may believe equally strongly in sending offenders to harsh prison environments. This is an example of forensic science.

Question 73

Professionals engage in specialized tasks that cannot be accomplished by those outside the profession, and through their education and experience, professionals acquire expertise in their fields that is not easily available to others.

Question 74

Individual members of a profession do not have to be certified or licensed

Question 75

Professionals are the experts upon whom others must rely when their professional services are required.

Question 76

In the past, criminal justice occupations have often been regarded as crafts.

Question 77

In the course of using their discretion to make good decisions, police officers become philosophers.

Question 78

Criminal justice agencies have always been regarded as professions.

Question 79

Bureaucracies are currently considered separate from, or even above and immune to, politics.

Question 80

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