Deck 8: Organic Chemistry and Polymers

Question 1

What is the source material for most polymers?

A)Biodegradable plant matter
B)Petroleum
C)Plastics
D)Clothing, shopping bags, and disposable packaging

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How much polymer waste has ended up in landfills?

A)2.1 million tons
B)21 million tons
C)3.0 million tons
D)30 million tons

Answer 2

D

Question 3

By how much can power plants that burn garbage for energy reduce the amount of space that would be taken up by that garbage in a landfill?

A)12.3%
B)7%
C)90%
D)None, because this waste does not end up in landfills.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is wrong with burning polymers after their use to make energy?

A)They are expensive materials, and burning them is a waste of money.
B)They can emit toxic substances if burned incorrectly.
C)Most polymers do not burn.
D)There is no problem with the burning of polymers.

Question 5

How does an immunoassay function?

A)By having a small molecule fit into a larger one
B)By having a small molecule deform as it is fitted into a larger one
C)By having a large molecule fit into a smaller one
D)By having a large molecule deform as it is fitted into a smaller one

Question 6

Why do covalent bonds form between two atoms?

A)Because the polarity difference between the two is large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other
B)Because the polarity difference between the two is not large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other
C)Because the electronegativity difference between the two is large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other
D)Because the electronegativity difference between the two is not large enough for one atom to strip an electron from the other

Question 7

Which of the following is a tenet of valence bond theory?

A)Electrons must not be shared.
B)Orbitals must overlap.
C)Orbitals must not overlap.
D)Electrons must remain localized.

Question 8

When p orbitals overlap to form a single bond, what part of the orbital must be overlapped?

A)The end
B)The side
C)The middle
D)Both ends

Question 9

What is one of the major uses of organic chemistry today?

A)The production of illegal drugs
B)The synthesis of new and different plastics
C)The discovery and synthesis of new pharmaceuticals
D)The production and synthesis of new mineral compounds

Question 10

How does Lewis theory explain the loss or gain of electrons in an ionic bond?

A)Atoms are attempting to gain electrons.
B)Atoms are attempting to lose electrons.
C)Atoms are attempting to share valence electrons.
D)Atoms are attempting to achieve a noble gas electron configuration.

Question 11

What do the valence shells of all the noble gas elements have in common?

A)A large size for its row on the periodic table
B)A high ability to lose electrons
C)A filled electron shell
D)A high affinity for further electrons

Question 12

What is the octet rule?

A)Elements form bonds to become isoelectronic with the noble gases.
B)Elements form bonds to avoid becoming isoelectronic with the noble gases.
C)Elements do not form bonds to become isoelectronic with the noble gases.
D)Elements do not form bonds to avoid becoming isoelectronic with the noble gases.

Question 13

The octet rule is quite different from the "rule of eight."

Question 14

Which is the correct Lewis dot structure for He?

A)He:
B)H:
C)He^.
D)H^.

Question 15

What is the proper Lewis dot structure for Ca?

A)Ca:
B)^.Ca^.
C)^.Ca
D)Ca

Question 16

The correct Lewis dot structure for potassium is what?

A)^.K^.
B)^.K
C)^.Pt
D)^.Pt^.

Question 17

What is the correct Lewis dot structure for Se?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 18

Which of the following is an alkane?

A)CH₃CH₂CHCH₂
B)CH₃CHCHCH₃
C)CH₂CHCH₃
D)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Question 19

How many bonds does carbon normally form?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 20

Carbon can only bond to four other atoms.

Question 21

Does use of the rule for organic structures, "Carbon atoms bond together to form a chain," mean that organic structures will always have two end-carbon atoms?

A)Yes, always.
B)No, never.
C)Yes, but only when the compounds are alkanes.
D)Yes, if the compounds are alkanes, and are not cyclic alkanes.

Question 22

What is the formula for an alkane with ten carbons, decane?

A)C₁₀H₂₀
B)C₁₀H₂₂
C)C₁₀H₂₄
D)None of the above.

Question 23

Which is the correct Lewis dot structure for chlorine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 24

When calcium and chlorine react, they form an ionic compound. What is its Lewis dot structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 25

Lewis structures with single lines indicate what kind of bonding?

A)Covalent, 2-electron bonding
B)Ionic, 2-electron bonding
C)Covalent, 4-electron bonding
D)Ionic, 4-electron bonding

Question 26

What is the correct Lewis structure for ethyne, C₂H₂, also known by the common name acetylene?

A)H-H-C-C
B)H-C-C-H
C)H-C=C-H
D)H-C≡C-H

Question 27

The simplest covalently bonded molecule is hydrogen. Which is the correct Lewis structure?

A)H₂
B)H^.H
C)H=H
D)H-H

Question 28

Which is the best Lewis structure for methane?

A)
B)
C)
D)None of the above.

Question 29

Water is best represented by which Lewis structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 30

How is ethane best represented by a Lewis structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 31

Phosphine, PH₃, is structurally much like ammonia. Which of the following is the best Lewis structure of phosphine?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 32

Hydrogen sulfide is considered the "rotten egg" gas, and has a structure much like water. Which of the following is its Lewis structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 33

What is wrong with the Lewis structure He == He?

A)Helium does not bond to another helium.
B)Helium only forms a single bond to a second helium.
C)Helium needs more electrons to form the bond.
D)Nothing, the bonding is correct.

Question 34

What does the double line, which looks much like an equals sign, represent in Lewis structures?

A)A 2-electron single bond
B)A 4-electron double bond
C)A 2-electron double bond
D)A 4-electron single bond

Question 35

Which of the following choices is the best Lewis structure for ammonia?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 36

Propane, C₃H₈, is best represented by which Lewis structure?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 37

Boron trifluoride, BF₃, is a corrosive material with a Lewis structure that shows boron to be two electrons short of a full octet. Which is the correct structure for BF₃?

A)
B)
C)
D)None of the above.

Question 38

What is the correct Lewis structure for methyl chloride, CClH₃?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 39

Bromine in the gaseous state is Br₂ and has a simple Lewis structure. What type of bonding will it have?

A)A double, ionic bond
B)A single, ionic bond
C)A double, covalent bond
D)A single, covalent bond

Question 40

What is wrong with this structure for gaseous hydrogen chloride: H - Cl?

A)The lone pair electrons of hydrogen are not shown here.
B)There are lone pair electrons on the chlorine which are not shown here.
C)The bond between the two atoms should be a double bond.
D)Nothing, the structure is correct.

Question 41

Draw for yourself the Lewis structure of ethane, C₂H₄, also called ethylene. How many double bonds does it have?

A)None
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 42

Which is the name of the following compound, shown as its Lewis structure?

A)Chloromethane
B)Dichloromethane
C)Chloroethane
D)Dichloroethane

Question 43

After drawing the Lewis structure for the molecule ethyne, C₂H₂, also known by the common name acetylene, answer this: How many double bonds does it contain?

A)None
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 44

Which is the correct Lewis structure for methanol, CH₄O, also known by the common name wood alcohol?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 45

What is the best Lewis structure representation of formaldehyde, CH₂O?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 46

How many carbon atoms must be in the simplest alkene?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 47

How many bonds does each carbon atom in an alkene normally have?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 48

The molecular formula for the simplest alkyne is C₂H₄.

Question 49

How many carbon atoms should be in the molecule 2-pentyne?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 50

What elements other than carbon must be in an alkene or an alkyne?

A)Hydrogen
B)Hydrogen and oxygen
C)Hydrogen and nitrogen
D)Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 51

Draw the cyclic, organic molecule benzene, C₆H₆. How many resonance structures can exist for it?

A)2
B)1
C)3
D)None

Question 52

Which of the following represent the best resonance structures for SO₂?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 53

Ozone, O₃, can be drawn with more than one resonance structure. Which of the following are correct?

A)
B)
C)Both of the above.
D)None of the above.

Question 54

Which of the following would be correct Lewis resonance structure for the nitrite ion, NO₂^- ?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 55

The name 2-butylpropane is incorrect for a branched alkane, but the correct name can be deduced from it. What is it?

A)1-methylhexane
B)1-methypentane
C)2-methylhexane
D)2-pentylmethane

Question 56

What is the correct molecular formula for methylpropane?

A)C₃H₈
B)C₄H₈
C)C₃H₁₀
D)C₄H₁₀

Question 57

How many linear or branched alkanes can be constructed from the formula C₄H₁₀?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 58

What is the difference between 1-methylpentane and 2-methylpentane?

A)The position of the methyl group
B)The length of the pentane chain
C)The end from which the methyl group position is counted
D)There is no "1-methylpentane"; it is hexane. Thus, the two compounds are isomers.

Question 59

What does valence shell electron pair repulsion theory help determine?

A)Atomic geometry
B)Molecular geometry
C)Molecular size
D)Atomic size

Question 60

What is the shape of the water molecule?

A)Trigonal, planar
B)Planar, linear
C)Planar, bent
D)Trigonal, bent

Question 61

What is the geometry of the very simple molecule carbon monoxide?

A)Linear
B)Bent, planar
C)Square planar
D)Horizontal

Question 62

What shape does the ammonia molecule have?

A)Trigonal planar
B)Square planar
C)Trigonal pyramidal
D)Square pyramidal

Question 63

Any molecule that has a central atom with no lone pairs, and four other, equivalent atoms connected to it, has what shape?

A)Square
B)Triangular
C)Tetrahedral
D)Flat

Question 64

The four atoms of acetylene, C₂H₂, known more formally as ethyne, have what molecular shape?

A)Tetrahedral
B)Square
C)Bent
D)Linear

Question 65

After drawing the Lewis structure for phosphine, PH₃, which should be structurally similar to ammonia, what shape should the molecule have?

A)A tetrahedron
B)A triangular pyramid
C)A square plane
D)A square pyramid

Question 66

How is aniline best described?

A)As an alkene
B)As a cyclic alkane
C)As a cyclic alkyne
D)As an aromatic compound based on benzene

Question 67

What is one important use of phenol in forensic chemistry?

A)As an inhalant
B)As a paint solvent
C)As an ingredient in some fingerprint-developer formulations
D)As an accelerant

Question 68

What does molecular polarity affect?

A)Solvent interaction
B)Melting point and boiling point
C)Both of the above
D)None of the above

Question 69

As you move from the top to the bottom of the periodic table, what happens to the electronegativity of the elements?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)Nothing, it remains relatively equal.
D)More information is needed to tell.

Question 70

What trend do the noble gases display in relation to electronegativity?

A)Electronegativity decreases as one goes down the noble gas column.
B)Electronegativity increases as one goes down the noble gas column.
C)The noble gases are all considered to have zero electronegativity.
D)For this column, there is no trend in electronegativity differences.

Question 71

How is the S-H bond categorized?

A)Polar covalent
B)Nonpolar covalent
C)Covalent
D)Ionic

Question 72

What best describes the Cl-Cl bond?

A)Non-polar covalent
B)Covalent
C)Polar covalent
D)Ionic

Question 73

How is the N-Br bond described?

A)Pure covalent
B)Polar covalent
C)Nonpolar covalent
D)Ionic

Question 74

What is the electronegativity difference in the C-O bond?

A)1.0
B)2.5
C)3.5
D)0

Question 75

How great is the electronegativity difference in the average C-F bond?

A)0.5
B)1.0
C)1.5
D)2.0

Question 76

Many organic compounds have numerous C-H bonds. What is the average difference in electronegativity in one of them?

A)4.5
B)2.5
C)2.1
D)0.4

Question 77

The compound H₂Se smells absolutely horrible (worse than rotten eggs!). What is the electronegativity difference in one of the H-Se bonds?

A)2.4
B)2.1
C)0.4
D)0.3

Question 78

How can you describe the molecule CO₂ in terms of polarity?

A)A polar molecule made from polar covalent bonds
B)A non-polar molecule made from polar covalent bonds
C)A non-polar molecule made from nonpolar covalent bonds
D)A polar molecule made from nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 79

In terms of polarity, what best describes the molecule NH₃?

A)A non-polar molecule composed of polar covalent bonds
B)A polar molecule composed of nonpolar covalent bonds
C)A polar molecule composed of polar covalent bonds
D)A non-polar molecule composed of nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 80

How is the polarity of the molecule carbon monoxide best described?

A)A polar molecule made from a polar covalent bond
B)A non-polar molecule made from a polar covalent bond
C)A polar molecule made from a nonpolar covalent bond
D)None of the above