Deck 13: Juveniles and Corrections

Question 1

The juvenile justice system falls under ______ law.

A) criminal
B) civil
C) both criminal and civil
D) neither criminal nor civil

Answer 1

B

Question 2

An adult who commits a crime is referred to as a criminal; a minor who commits a crime is called a(n) ______.

A) delinquent
B) aberrant
C) felon
D) criminal

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Offenses that apply only to juveniles are called ______ offenses.

A) youthful
B) standing
C) status
D) conditional

Answer 3

C

Question 4

______ offenses consume an inordinate amount of court time and resources.

A) Status
B) Violent
C) Drug
D) Property

Question 5

Juveniles account for ______ of all violent crime arrests.

A) 6%
B) 11%
C) 16%
D) 25%

Question 6

Juveniles who do not engage in antisocial behavior are ______.

A) model citizens
B) psychotic
C) abnormal
D) common

Question 7

The philosophy behind the American juvenile justice system is ______.

A) deterrence
B) incarceration
C) rehabilitation
D) retribution

Question 8

In 2014, juveniles accounted for ______ of all property crime arrests.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 45%

Question 9

According to a study by Junger-Tas (1996), the peak ages for juvenile crimes are ______.

A) higher in developed countries
B) higher in developing countries
C) similar across all countries
D) lower in developed countries

Question 10

The immaturity of adolescent behavior is matched by the immaturity of ______.

A) the adolescent brain
B) the adult brain
C) adult behavior
D) the adult brain

Question 11

Over 40% of total arrests for ______ are attributable to juveniles.

A) rape
B) murder
C) burglary
D) arson

Question 12

The top three offenses committed by juveniles are ______.

A) arson, robbery, and fraud
B) vandalism, robbery, and arson
C) disorderly conduct, liquor law offenses, and sex offenses
D) drunkenness, vandalism, and driving under the influence

Question 13

Adolescents' sensitivities to rewards are different from those of adults, prompting them to seek ______ levels of novelty.

A) lower
B) sporadic
C) higher
D) relaxing

Question 14

Which of the following crimes is least likely to be committed by a juvenile?

A) drug abuse violation
B) rape
C) stolen property
D) burglary

Question 15

Which crime is most likely to be committed by a juvenile?

A) motor vehicle theft
B) aggravated assault
C) murder
D) liquor law violation

Question 16

According to Terrie Moffitt, ______ offenders offend during adolescence but do not continue crime into adulthood.

A) youth bounded
B) adolescent peak
C) youth desistance
D) adolescent limited

Question 17

According to Terrie Moffitt, ______ offenders begin their criminal offending prior to puberty and continue through adulthood.

A) adult continuing
B) life course persistent
C) adult amplified
D) life course chronic

Question 18

According to Terrie Moffitt, ______ offenders constitute about 7% of all delinquents but account for at least 50% of all juvenile crime.

A) adolescent peak
B) life course persistent
C) adolescent limited
D) life course chronic

Question 19

Even as recently as 300 years ago, children were considered little more than ______.

A) property
B) workers for the family
C) employees
D) wards of the state

Question 20

The minimum legal age for criminal responsibility was established as ______ in early English law.

A) 7
B) 10
C) 13
D) 16

Question 21

All of the following are types of juvenile waivers EXCEPT ______.

A) parental waiver
B) judicial waiver
C) prosecutorial waiver
D) statutory waiver

Question 22

Parens patriae gave the state the right to intercede on behalf of ______.

A) children
B) the church
C) the impoverished
D) all of these

Question 23

Children without parents are assigned to foster families through a system of ______.

A) renewed familial support
B) parens patriae
C) bridewells
D) binding out

Question 24

The creation of workhouses was spawned by the concern over ______.

A) juvenile vagrancy
B) juvenile assault
C) violent sex offenses
D) all of these

Question 25

The primary purpose of workhouses was to ______.

A) punish offenders
B) instill a work ethic
C) remove dangerous persons from the streets
D) profit from the labors of the incarcerated

Question 26

In the United States, juvenile courts are supposed to act in the best interest of the ______.

A) society
B) court
C) child
D) family

Question 27

In the juvenile court system, a person charged with an illegal act is called a ______.

A) defendant
B) client
C) respondent
D) patient

Question 28

In the juvenile court system, a proceeding to determine whether the accused is guilty is called a(n) ______.

A) jury trial
B) adjudicatory hearing
C) status conference
D) mediation hearing

Question 29

In juvenile court, the standard of proof required is ______.

A) more likely than not
B) probable cause
C) as likely as unlikely
D) beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 30

Nationwide, ______ of juvenile cases are waived to criminal court.

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 5%
D) 10%

Question 31

A ______ involves a juvenile judge deciding after a "full inquiry" that the juvenile should be waived.

A) parental waiver
B) judicial waiver
C) prosecutorial discretion
D) statutory exclusion

Question 32

A ______ allows prosecutors to decide to file some cases in either juvenile or adult court.

A) parental waiver
B) judicial waiver
C) prosecutorial discretion
D) statutory exclusion

Question 33

A ______ is set by legislatures.

A) parental waiver
B) judicial waiver
C) prosecutorial discretion
D) statutory exclusion

Question 34

Studies have shown that, compared to juveniles adjudicated in juvenile courts, those waived to the adult court are ______ to recidivate.

A) slightly less likely
B) more likely
C) as likely
D) much less likely

Question 35

The current age line for the use of the death penalty is drawn at ______ and under.

A) 16
B) 17
C) 18
D) 19

Question 36

In opposing the death penalty for juveniles, Justice Anthony Kennedy expressed concerns about ______.

A) possible wrongful convictions
B) histories of physical and sexual abuse common in juvenile murder suspects
C) racial bias in this practice
D) the immaturity of the juvenile brain

Question 37

All of the following are constitutional due process rights granted to juveniles EXCEPT ______.

A) the right to proper notification of charges
B) the right to legal counsel
C) the right to appellate review
D) the right to bail

Question 38

In which case did the Court hold that juveniles must be provided with essential due process rights, thus ending the "hands-off policy" previously taken by the Court?

A) Kent v. United States
B) In re Gault
C) In re Winship
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 39

In which case did the Court hold that juveniles can be held in pretrial preventive detention when charged with a delinquent act?

A) Schall v. Martin
B) Graham v. Florida
C) In re Winship
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 40

In which case did the Court hold that it was unconstitutional to sentence a juvenile to life without parole for a crime other than homicide?

A) Schall v. Martin
B) Graham v. Florida
C) In re Winship
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 41

In which case did the Court hold that juveniles are afforded basic constitutional rights when there is a possibility of confinement?

A) Kent v. United States
B) In re Gault
C) In re Winship
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 42

All of the following are part of the three-pronged goal of the juvenile justice system EXCEPT ______.

A) providing treatment
B) securing restitution
C) holding delinquents accountable
D) protecting the community

Question 43

Deferred adjudication is ______.

A) a decision made regarding an offense without having to go to court
B) a delay in sentencing pending good behavior
C) a juvenile justice trial that goes into extended recess
D) a delay of trial pending an investigation regarding the respondent's ability to stand trial

Question 44

The most lenient disposition in a juvenile case is ______.

A) deferred adjudication
B) a waiver
C) amicus curiae
D) statutory exclusion

Question 45

The typical juvenile probation officer supervises about ______ kids.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Question 46

______ is every action that is primarily oriented toward justice by repairing the harm that has been caused by a criminal act.

A) A balanced approach
B) A judicial waiver
C) A community service order
D) Restorative justice

Question 47

A community service order would likely compel a juvenile to ______.

A) seek aid from a community mental health agency
B) do something like pick up trash or clean graffiti
C) meet with his or her victim
D) all of these

Question 48

Wilderness treatment programs have what effect on recidivism?

A) They generally increase recidivism rates in most circumstances.
B) They generally decrease recidivism rates in most circumstances.
C) They increase recidivism rates in comparison to boot camps but decrease rates in all other instances.
D) They decrease recidivism rates in comparison to boot camps but increase rates in all other instances.

Question 49

Juveniles are subject to more laws than adults.

Question 50

All crimes are considered status offenses when committed by juveniles.

Question 51

Status offenses constitute a minority of juvenile offenses.

Question 52

Juveniles account for 47% of all property crime arrests.

Question 53

Antisocial behavior is abnormal for juveniles.

Question 54

Male juveniles are more likely to steal than to commit a rape.

Question 55

Juveniles commit about one-quarter of all murders.

Question 56

Biologists tell us that adolescent rebellion is an evolutionary design feature of all social primates.

Question 57

Until 300 years ago, the concept of childhood was not recognized.

Question 58

In English common law, 5-year-olds were liable for criminal behavior.

Question 59

Juvenile courts hold trials.

Question 60

Juveniles are convicted of crimes in juvenile court.

Question 61

Juveniles share at least one common right with adults in that it is unconstitutional to incarcerate them without a trial.

Question 62

Under the principle of parens patriae, the juvenile court has the power to intervene in a child's life as a proactive measure, even though he or she has been found not guilty of any wrongdoing.

Question 63

Juveniles waived to adult court are more likely to recidivate.

Question 64

Courts can remove a child's right to liberty without due process.

Question 65

Juvenile and criminal courts are becoming increasingly similar.

Question 66

Prior to 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court maintained a "hands-off policy" with regard to the operation of the juvenile courts.

Question 67

The most lenient disposition of a case is known as deferred adjudication.

Question 68

A predisposition report is analogous to an adult presentence report.

Question 69

Wilderness programs have a better recidivism rate than boot camps.

Question 70

Countries that use a welfare model of juvenile justice are more concerned about the well-being of children than about legalities.

Question 71

Explain the differences between juvenile delinquency and adult crimes.

Question 72

Discuss the extent of delinquency. Be sure to cite specific statistics in your response.

Question 73

Describe parens patriae. How exactly does it impact the juvenile justice system?

Question 74

Identify and explain the various ways that juveniles can be waived.

Question 75

Discuss the ways in which the juvenile courts are different from the adult courts.

Question 76

Discuss the three prongs of the balanced approach to corrections.

Question 77

Discuss how restorative justice can be used in the juvenile justice system.

Question 78

How effective are wilderness/survival programs in dealing with delinquency?

Question 79

Explain how neuroscience has contributed to an understanding of the age-crime curve.

Question 80

Provide an overview of the history of the juvenile system.