Deck 6: Jails and Detention Centers

Question 1

Jails ______.

A) will become obsolete in the next few decades
B) hold multifaceted and critical roles in communities
C) have been very well maintained
D) are operated by the federal government in the United States

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What percentage of jail inmates have not been convicted of the crime they are being held for?

A) 25%
B) 42%
C) 51%
D) 60%

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Jails were originally developed to ______.

A) punish wrongdoers
B) hold the accused for trial
C) prevent rebellion
D) house the mentally ill

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The vast majority of jails are operated by ______.

A) private companies
B) the federal government
C) county sheriffs
D) state governments

Question 5

Research indicates that the general public views jails as ______.

A) more punitive than prisons
B) less punitive than prisons
C) more effective than prisons
D) less effective than prisons

Question 6

There are about ______ jails in the United States.

A) 1,700
B) 2,900
C) 4,100
D) 5,800

Question 7

The capacity of jails to house inmates ______.

A) has never been worse
B) has never been better
C) has remained stable over the last five decades
D) continues to increase

Question 8

When bringing a lawsuit against jails and prisons, an offender is most likely to win cases when the claim involves ______.

A) sexual abuse
B) poor diet
C) inadequate healthcare
D) overcrowding

Question 9

In 2013, women comprised about ______ of jail inmates.

A) 2%
B) 8%
C) 10%
D) 14%
E) 24%

Question 10

Overcrowding occurs when the number of inmates exceeds ______.

A) the capacity of staff to supervise them properly
B) state guidelines
C) federal guidelines
D) the available physical capacity

Question 11

In 2014, on average, jails were operating at ______ capacity.

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 12

One way in which jails are attempting to deal with the challenges of mentally ill inmates is ______.

A) crisis intervention training
B) group therapy
C) psychiatric medication
D) religious programming

Question 13

Historically, correctional institutions have classified transgender inmates by ______.

A) staff preference
B) the gender identity of the inmate
C) the genitalia of the inmate
D) the available space to house the inmate

Question 14

An unintended consequence of get-tough laws is ______.

A) a reduction of funding for local jails
B) less incarceration of serious offenders due to lack of space
C) less programming available for mentally ill inmates
D) fewer correctional officers because funds are earmarked for patrol officers

Question 15

The war on drugs has led to an increase in the population of ______ in jails.

A) wrongfully accused persons
B) drug buyers
C) low-level drug sellers
D) drug kingpins

Question 16

There has been a recent decline in the numbers of ______ in jail.

A) women
B) juveniles
C) whites
D) African Americans and Hispanics

Question 17

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, African Americans are ______ times more likely than Hispanics to be in jail.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 18

The number of minorities in jail populations may be decreasing due to ______.

A) decriminalization/legalization of marijuana in some states
B) the widespread adoption of truth-in-sentencing laws
C) a large drop in unemployment rates during the last decade
D) a great awareness of bias in police practices

Question 19

Corrections scholar John Irwin claimed that jails managed the ______ of society.

A) unlucky
B) risk takers
C) nonconformists
D) rabble

Question 20

Research suggests that the most common type of mental illness among jail inmates is ______.

A) mood disorder
B) psychotic disorder
C) mania
D) depression

Question 21

Research finds that ______ are more likely than other inmates to be sexually victimized in jail.

A) drug addicts
B) whites
C) the homeless
D) the mentally ill

Question 22

Long-term trends over the last 25 years indicate that the number of women in jails has ______.

A) increased at the same rate as the number of men
B) stayed the same
C) decreased
D) decreased at the same rate as the number of men

Question 23

The primary reason for the increase in the minority population in jail is ______.

A) the war on drugs
B) immigration
C) racial profiling by police and courts
D) an increase in minority criminal activity

Question 24

The racial-ethnic group with the largest numbers in jail is ______.

A) white non-Hispanics
B) black non-Hispanics
C) Hispanics of any race
D) Asian Americans

Question 25

Proportionate to population, which racial-ethnic group is the most likely to be incarcerated in American jails?

A) white non-Hispanics
B) black non-Hispanics
C) Hispanics of any race
D) Asian Americans

Question 26

Jails in the United States are full of ______.

A) the homeless
B) white-collar criminals
C) illegal aliens
D) tax evaders

Question 27

What percentage of jail inmates have mental health problems?

A) 12%
B) 26%
C) 47%
D) 64%

Question 28

With regard to inmates with mental health problems, ______.

A) prisons experience higher percentages than jails
B) jails experience higher percentages than prisons
C) prisons and jails experience comparable numbers
D) prisons experience higher percentages for males but jails experience higher percentages for females

Question 29

In one study, jail inmates who had symptoms of mental illness exhibited ______ than state or federal prisoners.

A) 50% more delusions
B) 25% fewer hallucinations
C) 25% more hallucinations
D) 50% fewer delusions

Question 30

Inmates with mental illness are ______ likely to be homeless than those without an illness.

A) four times more
B) three times more
C) twice as
D) half as

Question 31

Which types of jails may be better equipped to monitor for and prevent suicides?

A) larger
B) smaller
C) urban
D) county

Question 32

Three-quarters of all inmates with mental health problems are ______.

A) dependent on or abuse substances
B) homeless
C) violent
D) delusional

Question 33

The most common health problem of jail inmates is ______.

A) HIV infection
B) liver failure
C) arthritis
D) paralysis

Question 34

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, ______ of inmates have a chronic medical problem.

A) 25%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 66%

Question 35

The ______ required jails to provide medical and mental health care.

A) Crime Control Act
B) Affordable Care Act
C) Family and Medical Leave Act
D) American Health Care Act

Question 36

What percentage of jail inmates report being under the influence at the time of their offense?

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 37

______ are less likely than others to be under the influence while committing an offense.

A) Whites
B) Hispanics
C) Women
D) Men

Question 38

Although 68% of inmates in 2002 reported substance abuse or dependency problems, only ______ of the convicted inmates in jails received treatment.

A) 6%
B) 12.4%
C) 22%
D) 34%

Question 39

According to the 1976 case Estelle v. Gamble, inmates have the right to ______.

A) freedom of the press
B) special religious diets
C) reasonable medical care
D) freedom of speech

Question 40

By 2002, the leading cause of death in jail was ______.

A) suicide
B) murder
C) illness
D) accidental overdose

Question 41

______ of all sexual assaults in prison are perpetrated by staff.

A) One-quarter
B) One-third
C) Over half
D) Over two-thirds

Question 42

The ______ mandated that the Bureau of Justice Statistics collect data on sexual assaults in adult and juvenile jails and prisons and identify facilities with high levels of victimization.

A) No More Rape Act of 2003
B) End Rape Now Act of 2003
C) Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003
D) Jail Rape Elimination Act of 2003

Question 43

______ is NOT one of the tactics used by correctional facilities for controlling gangs.

A) Capital punishment
B) Isolation of leaders
C) Nonintervention
D) Segregation

Question 44

About ______ of suicides happen within the first two weeks of incarceration in jail.

A) 25%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 66%

Question 45

LGBTI inmates are ______ than other inmates.

A) more likely to commit sexual assaults
B) less likely to commit sexual assaults
C) more likely to be victims of sexual assaults
D) less likely to be victims of sexual assaults

Question 46

If operated correctly, new-generation jails are ______.

A) more cost effective
B) built with fewer amenities
C) managed by the inmates themselves
D) designed to require less supervision

Question 47

______ are characterized by rounded architecture and living units for directly supervising staff.

A) New-generation jails
B) Community jails
C) Coequal staffing jails
D) Reentry programs for jails

Question 48

______ are characterized by the idea that programming on the outside does not begin or end with incarceration.

A) New-generation jails
B) Community jails
C) Coequal staffing jails
D) Reentry programs for jails

Question 49

______ are characterized by equal pay and enhanced training for its employees.

A) New-generation jails
B) Community jails
C) Coequal staffing jails
D) Reentry programs for jails

Question 50

______ are characterized by the provision of services that make the transition from incarceration to freedom more manageable.

A) New-generation jails
B) Community jails
C) Coequal staffing jails
D) Reentry programs for jails

Question 51

Prisons have been in existence for much longer than jails.

Question 52

Jail staff has historically, and unfortunately, received the same levels of training and compensation as deputy sheriffs despite the fact that their jobs are much more demanding.

Question 53

Jails often hold innocent people in the same location as violent offenders.

Question 54

Jails were initially instituted as a system to house political dissidents.

Question 55

Nearly 70 jails are operated by American Indian tribes.

Question 56

Jails were at or above 100% capacity during the 1980s and 1990s.

Question 57

From 1990 to 2006, the number of adult males in jail almost tripled.

Question 58

Black non-Hispanic inmates outnumber white non-Hispanic inmates by two to one.

Question 59

Black non-Hispanics are only three times as likely to be incarcerated in American jails as white non-Hispanics.

Question 60

Women comprise about 14% of all jail inmates.

Question 61

Overcrowding is a serious issue facing jails today.

Question 62

Individuals who are mentally ill are more likely to be homeless.

Question 63

Female inmates experience more mental health problems than male inmates.

Question 64

Jails and prisons have comparable rates of suicides and homicides.

Question 65

Jails are becoming community mental health facilities for the mentally ill.

Question 66

Jail inmates with mental illness are twice as likely to be homeless than inmates without mental illness.

Question 67

One-third of jail inmates report a medical problem more serious than a cold or the flu.

Question 68

Two percent of jail inmates use a walker, cane, or wheelchair.

Question 69

Inmates have yet to gain a constitutional right to health care during incarceration.

Question 70

The Supreme Court has ruled that inmates have a right to reasonable medical care.

Question 71

Prison inmates commit suicide at twice the rate of jail inmates because their incarceration experience is significantly longer.

Question 72

The Prison Rape Elimination Act only collects data in prisons.

Question 73

Less than half of the time, jail staff are terminated for substantiated cases of sexual abuse.

Question 74

Podular-direct supervision jails offer a management philosophy that is much more regimented and less open than traditional jails.

Question 75

Reentry programs for jails focus on making reentering the prison a smoother transition for offenders.

Question 76

Explain how the mission of a jail is different from that of a prison.

Question 77

Explain why a jail capacity percentage may be misleading.

Question 78

Indicate the major reasons for the increasing numbers of women and minorities in jail.

Question 79

Explain how an inmate is typically processed into jail.

Question 80

Being that most jail inmates usually have a short stay, do you think that they should be provided with health care? Why or why not?