Deck 12: Juveniles and Corrections

Question 1

Offenses that are crimes only when committed by juveniles are called ______ offenses.

A) youthful
B) standing
C) status
D) conditional

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following acts is a status offense?

A) motor vehicle theft
B) simple assault
C) truancy
D) driving under the influence

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Juveniles account for ______ of all crime arrests.

A) just under half
B) a small minority
C) slightly more than half
D) the vast majority

Answer 3

B

Question 4

You are a judge who oversees many cases of juvenile and adult offenders. Which crime would you most expect to be committed by a juvenile?

A) arson
B) homicide
C) motor vehicle theft
D) larceny theft

Question 5

About 16 percent of total arrests for ______ are attributable to juveniles.

A) rape
B) murder
C) burglary
D) liquor laws

Question 6

What is formed from the statistical count of the number of known crimes committed in a population over a given period mapped according to age?

A) delinquency curve
B) juvenile crime rates
C) criminogenic-age rates
D) age-crime curve

Question 7

What does the age-crime curve consistently show?

A) an increase in offending in mid-adolescence, a peak in early adulthood, and a slow decline in mid-adulthood
B) similar offending patterns regardless of age
C) a sharp increase in offending in early adolescence, a peak during mid-adolescence, and a steep decline during early adulthood followed by a steady decline
D) no relationship between age and crime

Question 8

The immaturity of adolescent behavior derives from the fact that ______.

A) the adolescent brain is not fully developed
B) adolescents rarely have good role models
C) there are many opportunities for such behavior
D) adolescents do not yet have adult bodies

Question 9

Adolescents' sensitivities to rewards are different from those of adults, prompting them to seek higher levels of ______.

A) relaxation
B) stability
C) novelty
D) security

Question 10

It is estimated that life course-persistent offenders constitute about seven percent of all delinquents and account for ______ of all juvenile crime.

A) a small minority
B) more than half
C) about a quarter
D) the vast majority

Question 11

Which crime is more likely to be committed by a life course-persistent offender than by an adolescent-limited offender?

A) liquor violation
B) truancy
C) assault
D) curfew violation

Question 12

You are a judge who has worked in the juvenile justice system for 20 years. You would most expect the juvenile offender with ______ to be a life course-persistent offender.

A) high IQ
B) high impulse control
C) positive emotionality
D) hyperactivity

Question 13

By the ______, every state in the union had established a juvenile court system.

A) mid 1800s
B) late 1800s
C) early 1900s
D) mid 1900s

Question 14

Nationwide, ______ of juvenile cases are waived to criminal court.

A) a small minority
B) a little under half
C) slightly more than half
D) the vast majority

Question 15

In which case did the Court hold that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to trial by jury?

A) Kent v. United States
B) In re Gault
C) In re Winship
D) McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Question 16

The three-pronged goal of the juvenile justice system is to protect the community, provide treatment for youths, and ______.

A) incarcerate offenders
B) secure restitution
C) hold delinquents accountable
D) ensure retribution

Question 17

A predisposition report is analogous to a(n) ______.

A) deferred adjudication
B) presentence investigation report
C) status report
D) amicus curiae brief

Question 18

You are a judge giving a community service order to a juvenile convicted of vandalism. What will the community service order compel the juvenile to do?

A) clean graffiti off of city walls
B) attend a drug treatment class
C) wear an electronic monitoring device
D) get drug tested every week

Question 19

Research shows that restorative justice programs increase victim satisfaction, offender satisfaction, and ______.

A) rates of parole
B) sentence completion
C) recidivism
D) unsuccessful reentry

Question 20

What is usually imposed on youth as a last chance before incarceration?

A) probation
B) intensive supervision probation
C) community service order
D) electronic monitoring

Question 21

What might be part of a disposition requiring probationers to work a certain number of hours doing tasks to help their neighborhoods and towns?

A) community service order
B) intensive probation
C) fines
D) work release

Question 22

A residential treatment facility in the juvenile system is similar to a ______ in the adult system.

A) county jail
B) state prison
C) halfway house
D) house of correction

Question 23

What disposition is reserved for juveniles who have committed violent offenses or for chronic repeat offenders?

A) institutional corrections
B) residential facilities
C) intensive supervision probation
D) group homes

Question 24

Which disposition would be most appropriate for a troubled juvenile offender who needs drug treatment?

A) long-term confinement
B) group home
C) boot camp
D) wilderness program

Question 25

A 16-year old offender has been in the juvenile justice system multiple times. He has been adjudicated for rape, aggravated assault, and countless property crimes. He expresses no remorse or desire for rehabilitation. What disposition might he be suitable for?

A) secure correctional facility
B) halfway house
C) probation
D) intensive probation

Question 26

______ are the equivalent of adult jails where children may be held while awaiting release to parents or court adjudication.

A) Long-term facilities
B) Halfway houses
C) Short-term facilities
D) Institutional correctional facilities

Question 27

Juveniles account for about a quarter of all crime arrests.

Question 28

Adolescent-limited offenders constitute a small minority of all delinquents.

Question 29

Under the principle of parens patriae, the juvenile court has the power to intervene proactively in a child's life despite the lack of a criminal conviction.

Question 30

The juvenile court accepts jurisdiction in 50 percent of cases filed by juvenile court prosecutors.

Question 31

The standard of proof to be used in a juvenile adjudication hearing is a preponderance of the evidence.

Question 32

According to Breed v. Jones, the prohibition against double jeopardy applies to juveniles after an adjudicatory hearing.

Question 33

A juvenile offender convicted of multiple homicide can be sentenced to death.

Question 34

One of the goals of juvenile community corrections is to provide treatment and positive role models for youth.

Question 35

The most lenient disposition of a case is judicial waiver.

Question 36

A predisposition report is analogous to a victim impact statement.

Question 37

House arrest is usually imposed on youth as a last chance before incarceration.

Question 38

Placement of a juvenile in a residential facility is analogous to an adult halfway house.

Question 39

Explain the differences between juvenile delinquency and status offenses and provide an example of each.

Question 40

Discuss the extent of delinquency. Provide an example of a crime that juveniles are more likely to commit than adults.

Question 41

Evaluate the significance of the age-crime curve.

Question 42

Some critics have asserted, "under the parens patriae philosophy, the child gets the worst of both worlds." What does this mean?

Question 43

What was the significance of Kent v. United States?

Question 44

Explain the significance of a community service order in juvenile corrections and provide an example of one.

Question 45

Evaluate the role of group homes in juvenile corrections.

Question 46

Contrast the use of juvenile institutional correctional facilities in sentencing with that of adult institutional correctional facilities.

Question 47

Analyze the value of neuroscience research to juvenile justice in terms of the age-crime curve.

Question 48

Identify the three ways juveniles can be waived and provide an example of situations in which they might be used.

Question 49

Identify the case that eliminated the death penalty for juveniles. Evaluate the Court's reasoning. Do you believe it justified the decision?

Question 50

Identify one potential community disposition for a juvenile and evaluate its effectiveness in terms of recidivism. How effective are wilderness/survival programs in dealing with delinquency?