Deck 7: Prisons and the Correctional Client

Question 1

What factor has made the United States reconsider how it uses prisons?

A) retributive nature of prisons
B) safety concerns
C) refocus on rehabilitation
D) cost of prisons

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Reduced sentences for ______ have helped reduce correctional populations.

A) crack cocaine
B) violent crimes
C) property crimes
D) drug trafficking

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In which security level is it most expensive to house an inmate for one year?

A) minimum
B) medium
C) maximum
D) supermax

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A prison inmate who is a repeat violent offender is confined to his cell nearly all day every day. He receives his meal through the door and is given no utensils with it. Any in-person contact is severely restricted. This inmate is most likely housed in a ______-security prison.

A) medium
B) minimum
C) super-maximum
D) maximum

Question 5

A prison inmate was convicted of violent charges and is confined to her cell most of the day and deprived of most interpersonal interaction. She is allowed visitors, but her visitation is very restricted. This inmate is most likely housed in a ______-security prison.

A) medium
B) minimum
C) super-maximum
D) maximum

Question 6

Which type of inmate is likely to be the costliest for a state?

A) minimum-security
B) White
C) female
D) adult

Question 7

Imprisoning someone achieves the correctional goal of ______.

A) rehabilitation
B) restoration
C) general deterrence
D) incapacitation

Question 8

Research suggests that imprisonment for more than one year ______.

A) helps rehabilitate offenders
B) does not reduce crime rates
C) leads to improved outcomes
D) helps substance-addicted inmates

Question 9

Which behavior is an example of mortification?

A) An offender has an angry outburst when told recreation time is cancelled.
B) An inmate feels depressed at the loss of the role of aunt to her nephews.
C) An offender begins to use prison slang and follows the inmate code.
D) An inmate attempts to start a reading group to mimic his outside book club.

Question 10

Which behavior is an example of importation?

A) An offender has an angry outburst when told recreation time is cancelled.
B) An inmate feels depressed at the loss of the role of aunt to her nephews.
C) An offender begins to use prison slang and follows the inmate code.
D) An inmate attempts to start a reading group to mimic his outside book club.

Question 11

According to Sykes, prison inmates are motivated to deviate from prison rules in order to ______.

A) alleviate the pain associated with imprisonment
B) demonstrate the ineffectiveness of prison
C) peacefully protest living conditions in prison
D) reject the overarching inmate subculture

Question 12

Research on prison subcultures focuses on ______.

A) jails and detention centers
B) minimum security facilities
C) medium and maximum-security facilities
D) supermax prisons

Question 13

Jails and prisons consider gang membership when making decisions about ______.

A) classification
B) prisonization
C) importation
D) mortification

Question 14

Research suggests that the first prison gang may have been in the New Jersey State Prison in the ______.

A) late 1700s
B) early 1900s
C) late 1800s
D) early 1800s

Question 15

The most common basis for prison gang structure and membership is ______.

A) age
B) race or ethnicity
C) type of crime committed
D) length of sentence

Question 16

A 23-year-old White, non-Hispanic, male inmate has just entered the Florida DOC. He is considering joining a gang. Which gang would he be most apt to join?

A) Aryan Brotherhood
B) Neta
C) Texas Syndicate
D) Bloods

Question 17

An inmate is incarcerated in a state prison. Which type of crime has he most likely been convicted of?

A) property
B) drug
C) violent
D) white-collar

Question 18

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, ______ of the state prison population is incarcerated for violent offenses.

A) a small minority
B) more than half
C) less than half
D) the vast majority

Question 19

The number of sexual assault allegations in prisons has ______ from 2011 to 2015.

A) increased slightly
B) increased dramatically
C) decreased slightly
D) decreased dramatically

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be the victim of sexual violence in prison?

A) male offender with mental illness
B) Black male inmate
C) trans female inmate
D) female property offender

Question 21

Group violence that poses a direct threat to inmates and officers alike is called ______.

A) pain of imprisonment
B) deprivation of security
C) prison rioting
D) expressive violence

Question 22

Which statement accurately compares instrumental violence with expressive violence?

A) Instrumental violence is used to achieve an end; expressive violence is an angry outburst.
B) Expressive violence is used to achieve an end; instrumental violence is an angry outburst.
C) Instrumental violence is used in rioting; expressive violence is not.
D) Expressive violence is used in rioting; expressive violence is not.

Question 23

A group of inmates begin destroying property and causing fights in a prison in order to protest the poor living conditions and overcrowding. These inmates are engaging in ______ violence.

A) prisonized
B) imported
C) instrumental
D) expressive

Question 24

An inmate lashes out at a guard when her recreation time is cut short. This inmate is engaging in ______ violence.

A) prisonized
B) imported
C) instrumental
D) expressive

Question 25

According to Johnson (2002), a decent prison is one in which there is ______.

A) a better staff-to-inmate ratio
B) abundant rehabilitative programming
C) relatively little violence
D) a greater focus on amenities

Question 26

Research finds that mature coping in the prison system is relatively rare because of ______.

A) the rigidity of niches
B) immaturity in social relations
C) the focus on programming
D) pseudofamily values

Question 27

The deinstitutionalization of ______ was an attempt to increase the rights of powerless people.

A) the elderly
B) nonviolent offenders
C) people with mental illness
D) people with substance abuse issues

Question 28

What was an unintended consequence of deinstitutionalizing people with mental illnesses?

A) Many mentally ill ended up in jail or prison.
B) People were civilly committed to mental health institutions.
C) There was not enough medication for the mentally ill.
D) The mentally ill were no longer allowed to work.

Question 29

You are in charge of collecting data on prisoners for the state prison system. Which type of prisoner would you find it most difficult to accurately collect data on?

A) elderly
B) LGBTI
C) mentally ill
D) juveniles

Question 30

According to recent BJS data, what are the two most prevalent medical conditions that inmates have?

A) cancer and heart disease
B) HIV and high blood pressure
C) diabetes and asthma
D) arthritis and hypertension

Question 31

Which statement about the top causes of death in jails versus those in prisons is accurate?

A) Heart disease is among the top causes of death in both jails and prisons.
B) Suicide is a more common cause of death in prisons than in jails.
C) Cancer is a more common cause of death in jails than in prisons.
D) Complications from HIV/AIDS are among the top causes of death in both jails and prisons.

Question 32

The ______ ended federal support for mental health hospitals.

A) Affordable Care Act
B) Community Mental Health Act
C) decision in Estelle v. Gamble
D) deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill

Question 33

One's gender identity is based on ______ rather than one's genitalia.

A) sexual history
B) sexual orientation
C) internal identification
D) chromosomal information

Question 34

Which body or bodies oversee immigration prisons?

A) Federal Bureau of Prisons
B) state Departments of Corrections
C) Immigration and Customs Enforcement
D) Department of Justice

Question 35

Historically, what is the most likely reason someone would be in an immigration prison?

A) crossing the border after being deported
B) committing a violent offense in their nonnative country
C) engaging in international terrorism
D) committing cybercrime against a foreign government

Question 36

In comparison to inmates who are criminally committed, people in immigration prisons are civilly committed and therefore ______.

A) have fewer due process rights
B) enjoy a higher standard of living
C) have shorter sentences on average
D) are held only in public institutions

Question 37

The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the Western world.

Question 38

The cost of prisons has made the United States reconsider how we use them.

Question 39

Incarceration in a supermax prison is expensive, at about $60,000 per year.

Question 40

Supermax prisons are much more expensive to build than "regular" prisons.

Question 41

The value of imprisonment is dependent on its ability to achieve retribution.

Question 42

Prison subculture is a subset of the larger culture with its own norms, values, beliefs, and language.

Question 43

According to recent statistics, between 10 and 20 percent of sexual assault allegations in prison are substantiated.

Question 44

The riot at the New Mexico State Penitentiary in 1980 began when two inmates got into a fight, and the violence spread.

Question 45

Elderly inmates comprise a shrinking minority of the prison population.

Question 46

Transgender prisoners are much more likely to report being sexually assaulted than other inmates.

Question 47

People in immigration prisons do not have the same due process rights as those in state or federal prisons.

Question 48

Provide examples of the types of inmates that are held in the different classifications of prisons.

Question 49

Define the term importation and explain how it applies to prisons. Provide an example of importation.

Question 50

Why are gangs appealing to inmates in prisons?

Question 51

What factors influence rioting? Discuss strategies you believe can be used to prevent rioting.

Question 52

Identify and explain what you believe are the most crucial issues that arise when dealing with medically ill inmates in prison.

Question 53

Provide examples of what influences the degree to which the various "pains of imprisonment" are experienced by prisoners.

Question 54

Explain in detail the three strategies you believe will be most effective in reducing violence in prisons. Provide justification for your answers.

Question 55

What are some of the difficulties that correctional organizations might face in using strategies to reduce violence?