Deck 3: Ethics and Corrections

Question 1

Which term concerns what is right or wrong in the personal, not professional, sphere?

A) norms
B) integrity
C) morality
D) ethics

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which statement would a person following a teleological ethical system most likely make?

A) What is good is that which meets the needs of those concerned.
B) Good acts are those which follow the Golden Rule.
C) Everyone should pursue the greatest good for the greatest number.
D) Pursuing the needs of the self is the most important goal.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which statement would a person following a deontological ethical system most likely make?

A) It is essential to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
B) Good acts are those which follow the Golden Rule.
C) Everyone should pursue the greatest good for the greatest number.
D) The act itself does not matter; it is the consequences of the act.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is a philosophical touchstone that is often referenced as a guide to human decision making?

A) education
B) religion
C) subculture
D) medicine

Question 5

The categorical imperative states that all people must ______.

A) act as they would like others to act
B) pursue the greatest good for the greatest number
C) act according to the golden mean
D) pursue the care of those concerned

Question 6

According to Bentham, people weigh the potential pleasure and pain of an action in the ______.

A) categorical imperative
B) religious perspective
C) utilitarian calculus
D) ethics of virtue

Question 7

The ______ perspective on ethics is both deontological and teleological.

A) ethical formalist
B) religious
C) utilitarian
D) ethics of care

Question 8

Which advice might a person following the religious perspective give regarding choosing an ethical course of action?

A) Consult with a higher power.
B) Follow your instincts.
C) Pursue the greater good.
D) Focus on concern for others.

Question 9

According to the ______ perspective, the rightness or wrongness of an act is clear and knowable through reason.

A) religious
B) natural law
C) utilitarian
D) ethical formalist

Question 10

Which advice might a person following the natural law perspective give regarding choosing an ethical course of action?

A) Consult with God.
B) Follow your instincts.
C) Pursue the greater good.
D) Choose the middle ground.

Question 11

Ethics of virtue focuses not on the action but on the ______.

A) maximization of pleasure
B) needs of those concerned
C) goodness of a person
D) minimization of pain

Question 12

Which advice might a person following the ethics of care give regarding choosing an ethical course of action?

A) Consult with God.
B) Follow your instincts.
C) Pursue the greater good.
D) Focus on concern for others.

Question 13

Selfishness is a major reason that people behave unethically, but such reasoning would actually comprise ethical behavior under which ethical framework?

A) egoism
B) ethics of care
C) utilitarianism
D) ethical formalism

Question 14

In the course of an investigation of correctional officer wrongdoing, one officer lies to an investigator and claims never to have seen any violations. This is an example of ______.

A) running to the tower
B) official deviance
C) smelling the victim's blood
D) noble cause

Question 15

What is the rationale behind many deviant acts committed by criminal justice actors?

A) pursuit of personal gain
B) selfishness
C) helping the organization
D) authoritarian spirit

Question 16

The phrase "run to the tower" refers to how policing ______.

A) may require officers to take cover behind a structure to avoid injury or death
B) may cross ethical lines when officers make rash decisions in dangerous situations
C) adheres to the framework of an ethics of virtue rather than an ethics of care
D) prioritizes the protection of the "tower" of law enforcement, even when corruption occurs

Question 17

A correctional officer decides to look the other way when a normally cooperative inmate clearly possesses contraband. What is that officer using when she makes the decision whether or not to discipline the inmate

A) ethical formalism
B) discretion
C) natural law
D) noble cause

Question 18

A police officer in search of a conviction for a person who has been repeatedly accused of intimate partner violence plants evidence for additional crimes. The officer justifies it to herself as helping to protect future potential targets of this person's violence. Which noble cause theme explains this behavior?

A) protecting the organization
B) running to the tower
C) smelling the victim's blood
D) pursuing personal gain

Question 19

Correctional environments that make employees more prone to engage in unethical behavior demonstrate the presence of ______.

A) ethical formalism
B) a natural law perspective
C) an ethics of virtue
D) negative subcultures

Question 20

In order to prevent unethical behavior, employers should tell their employees who may have witnessed an ethics violation to ______.

A) keep quiet and prioritize the organization
B) tell your colleagues about the violation
C) confront the alleged violator
D) report the wrongdoing to your supervisor

Question 21

Employers should develop an ethics code with ______.

A) lawyers
B) former inmates
C) shareholders
D) employee input

Question 22

What is one way to minimize temptation of employees to engage in unethical behavior for personal gain?

A) pay them a higher wage
B) ensure they understand the subculture
C) install cameras in the office
D) allow them use of the gym

Question 23

Requiring training in ______ at the beginning of employment and throughout an employee's career can help minimize corrupt or improper behavior.

A) diversity
B) ethics
C) anti-discrimination
D) sexism

Question 24

Agencies should ______ whistle-blowing.

A) encourage
B) discourage
C) prevent
D) penalize

Question 25

Correctional institutions should have ______ evaluate their departments.

A) local police
B) outside reviewers
C) their superintendents
D) internal teams of officers

Question 26

People who commit serious ethical violations should ______.

A) be suspended
B) receive additional training
C) be fired
D) receive a warning

Question 27

The war on drugs has been in effect since the ______.

A) 1970s
B) 1990s
C) 1950s
D) 1930s

Question 28

Recent statistics suggest that approximately ______ people are arrested yearly in the United States for nonviolent drug offenses.

A) 100,000
B) 500,000
C) 1 million
D) 5 million

Question 29

Deportations for drug possession offenses ______ from 2007 to 2012.

A) decreased slightly
B) decreased sharply
C) increased sharply
D) increased slightly

Question 30

Which drug was the most common drug cited in deportations for drug law violations in 2013?

A) cocaine
B) heroin
C) methamphetamines
D) marijuana

Question 31

One in 13 Black people 18 years and older are denied the right to ______ because of laws that take away rights of people with felony convictions.

A) buy a house
B) federal loans
C) vote
D) apply for federal jobs

Question 32

A child who is ______ is most likely to have a parent who is incarcerated.

A) non-Hispanic Black
B) non-Hispanic White
C) Hispanic
D) Asian American

Question 33

A 25-year old male offender was deported for a drug law violation in 2013. What was he most likely charged with?

A) trafficking cocaine
B) heroin possession
C) selling marijuana
D) marijuana possession

Question 34

Approximately 60 percent of people in state prison for drug offenses are ______.

A) White or white-collar criminals
B) female or juveniles
C) Black or Latinx
D) elderly or mentally ill

Question 35

Nearly 80 percent of people in federal prison for drug offenses are ______.

A) Black or Latinx
B) male or juveniles
C) White or mentally ill
D) repeat offenders

Question 36

The war on drugs has ______.

A) been largely successful
B) incarcerated people who benefit from prison
C) taken resources away from treatment
D) focused on rehabilitation of inmates

Question 37

One effect of the war on drugs has been to ______.

A) highlight the failure of substance abuse treatment programs
B) emphasize the need for get-tough-on-crime laws
C) reveal the value of incarceration for people with addiction
D) put the care of addicts in the hands of correctional officers

Question 38

Overall, the war on drugs has ______.

A) not reduced the supply or use of illicit drugs
B) decreased prison populations
C) made correctional budgets more flexible
D) focused on treatment and prevention

Question 39

The categorical imperative is similar to the Golden Rule.

Question 40

The ethics of care focuses on concern for others as guiding behavior.

Question 41

Ethics is the ability to make choices and to act or not act on those choices.

Question 42

Openness is likely to reduce unethical behavior.

Question 43

Employers should discourage the involvement of outsider reviewers in evaluating their departments.

Question 44

The war on drugs has been ongoing for nearly 50 years.

Question 45

Deportations for drug possession offenses have decreased over the past twenty years.

Question 46

What is utilitarianism? Provide an example of this ethical framework in action.

Question 47

You are a new correctional officer and you notice that a fellow officer is physically abusive to inmates. How are you going to deal with this situation and which ethical framework is reflected in your approach?

Question 48

Discuss any three (3) of the practices that prevent unethical behavior.

Question 49

Compare and contrast an ethics of care framework and an egoism framework.

Question 50

What is the difference between ethical formalism and utilitarianism?

Question 51

Which ethical framework best describes your feelings about ethics? Why?