Deck 9: Illicit Drug Use

Question 1

The classification of a substance as a drug is dependent upon ______.

A) the age of users
B) the frequency of use
C) law enforcement
D) social and cultural conventions

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What do all substances classified as drugs have in common?

A) They all produce recognizable physiological effects.
B) They are all illegal.
C) They are all genetically altered.
D) They all result in permanent changes to the brain.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The legal status of a drug is contingent on the social perception that its use ______.

A) can cause irreparable harm to the individual
B) will result in harm to the society
C) has no medical value
D) may impede an individual's ability to perform essential roles

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which term refers to a physiological dependence on a substance?

A) addiction
B) dependence
C) withdrawal
D) tolerance

Question 5

Jae enjoys taking fentanyl. Over time, he finds that he must take more of the drug to achieve the effect he desires. Jae is experiencing ______.

A) substance use disorder
B) dependence
C) addiction
D) tolerance

Question 6

Caesar has been taking methamphetamines for a few weeks. When he tries to stop, he can't sleep, he experiences severe emotional distress, and he feels as though he has the flu. What is Caesar experiencing?

A) tolerance
B) substance use disorder
C) withdrawal
D) dependence

Question 7

What is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide?

A) opioids
B) cannabis
C) psychedelics
D) methamphetamines

Question 8

In what region of the world is cannabis used most often?

A) the United States of America
B) Canada
C) the Netherlands
D) West Africa

Question 9

In what region of the world is opioid use highest?

A) Middle East and Northern Africa
B) Oceania
C) North America
D) Asia

Question 10

Which of the following correctly compares world regions based on their rates of cocaine use?

A) The rates of cocaine use are higher in North America than in Oceania.
B) The rates of cocaine use are higher in Central Europe than in North America.
C) The rates of cocaine use are higher in South America than in Oceania.
D) The rates of cocaine use are higher in Western Europe than in Central Europe.

Question 11

In the United States, in what age-group does drug use peak?

A) age 12-17
B) age 18-25
C) age 29-35
D) age 47-55

Question 12

In the United States, which drug is responsible for the most fatal overdoses?

A) over-the-counter medications
B) bath salts
C) opioids
D) prescription medicines

Question 13

What is distinct about the third wave of drug overdose deaths in the United States?

A) It involved the use of synthetic opioids.
B) It occurred because doctors did not realize how addictive opioids were.
C) It involved a sudden increase in heroin use.
D) It involved more adolescents.

Question 14

Which statement accurately compares demographic groups on their illicit drug use?

A) African Americans use more drugs than the Latinx population.
B) The Latinx population uses more drugs than African Americans.
C) Asian Americans use more drugs than African Americans.
D) The Latinx population uses more drugs than Indigenous Americans.

Question 15

Which statement accurately compares rates of illicit drug use by the LGBTQ population to the heterosexual population?

A) Those who identify as LGB have lower rates of illicit drug use; those who identify as transgender have higher rates of illicit drug use.
B) Sexual orientation has no influence on rates of illicit drug use.
C) Heterosexuals are twice as likely to use illicit drugs.
D) People identifying as LGBTQ are twice as likely to use illicit drugs.

Question 16

Which statement accurately compares rates of illicit drug use by demographic category?

A) The rate of marijuana use in the general population is higher than the rate of marijuana use by college students.
B) Members of the LGBTQ populations and college students have equal rates of marijuana use.
C) College students use more marijuana than members of the LGBTQ population.
D) Members of the heterosexual population use more marijuana than college students.

Question 17

When comparing college students to their noncollege peers, ______.

A) college students use fewer methamphetamines
B) college students use more marijuana
C) college students use fewer drugs overall
D) college students use more bath salts

Question 18

Which substance below is used more frequently by college students compared to their noncollege peers?

A) injected heroin
B) amphetamines
C) depressants
D) marijuana

Question 19

Which substance below is used more by undergraduate females compared to undergraduate males?

A) narcotic pain relievers
B) ecstasy
C) molly
D) marijuana

Question 20

When applying the opportunity structures approach to understanding illicit drug use, ______ subcultures provide access to illicit drugs and a supportive environment for their use.

A) anomic
B) criminal
C) retreatist
D) violence

Question 21

Joe suffered a back injury when deployed and became addicted to OxyContin. When he was unable to legally obtain this drug, he began injecting heroin. In order to find the heroin, he accessed what Cloward and Ohlin would call a ______ subculture.

A) retreatist
B) violent
C) criminal
D) drug

Question 22

Why is a retreatist subculture a key component of using illicit drugs, according to the opportunity structures theory?

A) These subcultures provide support for self-medication required for the emotional pain of self-derogation.
B) These subcultures define the lower class "addict" separately from the upper class "drug user."
C) These subcultures blunt the emotional impact of being unable to achieve conventional goals using socially approved means.
D) These subcultures provide access and rationalizations for illicit drug use.

Question 23

Which approach to understanding illicit drug use focuses on the way that risk-taking behaviors are adopted because they are fun?

A) Lindesmith, substance dependency
B) Katz, seduction of crime
C) McAuliffe and Gordon, euphoria
D) Akers, social learning

Question 24

Bennie learns to smoke marijuana from his friends. In Akers' ______ theory, this is called differential association.

A) self-derogation
B) social strain
C) social learning
D) seductions of crime

Question 25

According to the generally used definition of a drug, caffeine is a drug.

Question 26

Addiction refers to a physiological dependence on a substance.

Question 27

In the context of drug addiction, dependence refers to a need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect.

Question 28

In the context of drug addiction, tolerance occurs when the physical effects produced by the substance can only be sustained through its continual use.

Question 29

The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) recognizes both substance abuse and substance dependency.

Question 30

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimated that over half the human population had used illicit drugs in 2017.

Question 31

Opioids are the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide.

Question 32

Opioid use is the highest in North America.

Question 33

Only a small percentage of the world's population actively uses drugs.

Question 34

South America reports the lowest rate of cocaine use.

Question 35

People identifying as LGBTQ are much less likely to use illicit drugs than the rest of the population.

Question 36

African Americans use more illicit drugs than Indigenous Americans.

Question 37

Those who attend college use fewer illicit drugs than those who do not attend college.

Question 38

Of three subcultures identified by Cloward and Ohlin, the criminal subculture is most relevant for understanding illicit drug use.

Question 39

McAuliffe and Gordon suggest that people use illicit drugs because of the euphoria they experience when using illicit drugs.

Question 40

Distinguish between addiction and tolerance.

Question 41

How does male drug use compare to female drug use?

Question 42

What role does the retreatist subculture play in illicit drug use?

Question 43

According to Alex Thio, how does class influence our understanding of illicit drug use?

Question 44

Summarize the social strain approach to understanding illicit drug use.

Question 45

Summarize the pattern of opioid deaths in the United States between 1999 and 2017.

Question 46

How does male drug use compare to female drug use?

Question 47

Compare and contrast the cognitive association approach, euphoria approach, and the seduction of substance use approach to understanding illicit drug use.

Question 48

Summarize Becker's three-stage process of becoming a marijuana user.

Question 49

Distinguish between how each of the four concepts that make up Akers' social learning approach contributes to understanding illicit drug use.