Deck 6: Global Security, Military Power, and Terrorism

Question 1

What percentage of twenty-first century conflicts have taken place in Asia?

A) 14%
B) 23%
C) 39%
D) 78%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What relationship does ungoverned territory have with terrorism?

A) There is no relationship
B) Terrorism always precedes ungoverned territory
C) Ungoverned territory can facilitate the development of terrorist groups
D) Terrorism only exists in ungoverned spaces

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The idea that war should be a means to an end is commonly associated with which writer?

A) Ernst Van der Graaf
B) Carl von Clausewitz
C) Curtis LeMay
D) Antonio Gramsci

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Kaldor's "new wars" concept seems to be supported by evidence that shows _______ of conflicts have occurred within states during the last decade.

A) almost none
B) 34%
C) 95%
D) all

Question 5

The "Widening school", or Copenhagen school, of international relations advocates for

A) increasing the scope of what should fall under global security studies.
B) studying the effects of Stockholm Syndrome in people kidnapped by terrorists.
C) increasing the number of states that should be allowed to possess nuclear weapons.
D) restricting the study of security studies to certain topics.

Question 6

Critical theorists, such as Marxists and feminists, seek to _______ the role of the state.

A) de-emphasize
B) enhance
C) rethink in more positive terms
D) remove

Question 7

Which of the following is/are seen as evidence of the increased absence of interstate war?

A) Security monopolies
B) Democratic peace law
C) Civil conflict in Africa and rising autocracy
D) Security communities such as those in Europe and democratic peace theory

Question 8

Nonstate actors involved in conflict achieve a global presence using means that include(s)

A) media.
B) nongovernmental organizations.
C) international organizations such as the UN.
D) democratic states in the West.

Question 9

A conflict that turns on one side's ability to force the other side to fight on their own terms is _______ war.

A) "new"
B) postmodern
C) asymmetric
D) civil

Question 10

Paramilitary forces blur the distinction between

A) soldier and civilian.
B) state militaries and civil society.
C) paratroopers and irregular infantry.
D) terrorism and counterterrorism.

Question 11

Patrick Lin asserts that drone warfare can lead to a "fourth D," which is

A) dull.
B) Dungeness.
C) dangerous.
D) dispassion.

Question 12

The campaign called Operation Unified Protector targeted which country?

A) Libya
B) Chechnya
C) Syria
D) Bhutan

Question 13

Human interest should take priority over national interest is a tenet of which school of thought?

A) Realist
B) Liberal
C) Marxist
D) Global humanist

Question 14

Academi (formerly Xe Services, formerly Blackwater) is an example of a(n)

A) Popular Mobilization Force (PMF).
B) national security corporation.
C) mercenary company.
D) privatized military firm (PMF).

Question 15

The revolution in military affairs

A) has partially facilitated the rise of asymmetric warfare.
B) demonstrates that technological advantage is decisive in warfare.
C) negates the idea of postmodern warfare.
D) has partially facilitated the rise of asymmetric warfare, demonstrates that technological advantage is decisive in warfare, and negates the idea of postmodern warfare.

Question 16

In the Sagan-Waltz discussion, the topic was

A) disputes about resources like oil.
B) nuclear proliferation.
C) disputes about land.
D) the fundamentally bad nature of all people.

Question 17

"Security is a contested concept" means scholars

A) who write about it study violence.
B) who write about it are fundamentally violent.
C) disagree about what the term means.
D) agree on what the term means.

Question 18

A state whose goal is to promote its worldview and influence events beyond its borders is called a

A) superpower.
B) neorealist state.
C) hyperpower.
D) great power.

Question 19

Constructivists would most likely view _______ as the primary factor influencing "new wars."

A) identity
B) the balance of power
C) class inequality
D) gendered politics

Question 20

According to the text, academic disagreements about definitions of terms like "war" and "security" matter because

A) warriors need to know why they risk death in the name of the state.
B) scholars often make policy recommendations to politicians.
C) students must have clear-cut answers to highly technical problems.
D) various scholarly journals differ with regards to their definitions.

Question 21

According to the text, rising great powers such as China and Russia believe that _______ is/are failing to sustain the international system.

A) the GATT
B) autocratic governing mechanisms
C) democracy
D) their own economies

Question 22

Gray zone tactics refer to

A) a littoral zone, as it relates to naval operations.
B) the tools of hybrid warfare.
C) the amorality of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency.
D) state military action contrary to the Geneva Conventions.

Question 23

Hybrid warfare allows inferior militaries to

A) selectively breed super soldiers.
B) increase their conventional military capacity by assigning their forces different roles.
C) overcome advantages held by superior ones.
D) leverage their conventional military forces in a defensive land war.

Question 24

Which of the following is considered a normative power by the text?

A) United States
B) European Union
C) Russia
D) China

Question 25

According to offensive neorealists, states are concerned with obtaining _______, which they view as being _______ to other states.

A) norm supremacy; equivalent
B) wealth; irrelevant
C) institutional influence; normative
D) power; relative

Question 26

A powerful alliance of defense contractors that have a large degree of influence in politics would be most alarming to

A) Marxist pacifists.
B) radical liberals.
C) neoclassical realists.
D) liberal reformists.

Question 27

Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) include

A) chemical, biological, nuclear, and radiological weapons.
B) atomic, or nuclear, weapons only.
C) chemical weapons, nerve agents, and atomic weapons.
D) any nuclear weapon and conventional bombs with a high enough explosive yield.

Question 28

Liberal or Grotian theorists encourage collective security as a means of

A) enhancing cooperation.
B) protection of the national interest.
C) sharing resources.
D) engaging in preventive war.

Question 29

According to constructivists, the fundamental structures of international politics are _______ rather than _______.

A) economic; political
B) material; social
C) social; political
D) social; material

Question 30

Secular radicals who seek to create systems of governance that provide for basic human needs through violent means are called

A) Marxist terrorists.
B) anarcholiberators.
C) atheistic terrorist networks.
D) liberation theologists.

Question 31

In Latin America, the South Pacific, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia, the trend has been toward

A) nuclearization and militarization.
B) denuclearization and nuclear-weapon-free zones.
C) militarization and war.
D) denuclearization and war.

Question 32

State A sends its military to support State B's political structure and fight State B's non-state enemies. This is an example of

A) counterinsurgency.
B) counterterrorism.
C) peace enforcement.
D) hybrid warfare.

Question 33

Which countries are NPT-declared weapons states?

A) Israel, Iran, North Korea, and United Kingdom
B) United Kingdom, France, United States, Russia, and China
C) Australia, North Korea, Iran, and India
D) India, China, France, and Cuba

Question 34

At the 1995 NPT review conference, the signatories

A) agreed to extend the treaty indefinitely.
B) voted to ban Iran, North Korea, and Nauru from further meetings.
C) could decide nothing; as a result, the meeting broke up in disarray.
D) changed the name from NPT to NST, to recognize the changing global political situation.

Question 35

According to the text, nuclear globalization caused

A) the Antarctic Demilitarized Zone.
B) the South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone.
C) a regionally differentiated world.
D) bans on the sale, ownership, or manufacturing of landmines and cluster bombs.

Question 36

An aspect of globalization after the Cold War is the declining centrality of the state; this trend has created

A) rapid fluctuations in the spot market for bullets, depleted Uranium munitions, and spare parts for aircraft.
B) the need for a renewed interest in the European Commission.
C) space for groups with subnational or pan-national agendas to act.
D) an end to traditional methods of arms sales and transfers.

Question 37

What term is used to describe the acquisition of nuclear weapons by states?

A) Nuclear proliferation
B) Nuclearization
C) Arms race
D) Weaponization

Question 38

Cultural explanations for terrorism focus on

A) civic nationalism.
B) liberation for individual values.
C) threats to identity.
D) reactions to the liberal international economic order.

Question 39

In what year was the term "weapons of mass destruction" coined and by whom?

A) 1948, UN Commission for Conventional Armaments
B) 1953, US President Eisenhower
C) 2001, US President George W. Bush
D) 1968, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

Question 40

When did India and Pakistan cross the so-called nuclear threshold?

A) August 1978
B) November 1992
C) May 1998
D) July 2004

Question 41

The Black September group is most commonly associated with which event?

A) 1972 Munich Olympics
B) Palestine Liberation Organization's fight for control of Gaza in 2010
C) Israel's invasion of Lebanon in 1982
D) Afghanistan's first democratic elections, during the US-led occupation

Question 42

The term "Al Qaeda" translates to

A) the Base.
B) the Chosen.
C) the Rooftop.
D) the Watchtower.

Question 43

The text says terrorism and globalization share one quality, which is that both

A) began in 1972.
B) rely upon media coverage.
C) are open to subjective interpretations.
D) have subjective definitions.

Question 44

What type of terrorism seeks to kill as many outgroup members as possible?

A) New/postmodern
B) Secular
C) Radical
D) State

Question 45

In what decade did terrorism become a transnational phenomenon?

A) 1940s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1990s

Question 46

What factor has most improved terrorist capabilities?

A) Increased international sympathy
B) Charismatic leadership (i.e., Osama bin Laden)
C) Technologies associated with globalization
D) Expanded recruitment base due to oppression and poverty

Question 47

What is "the oxygen that sustains terrorism"?

A) International drug trafficking
B) Radical ideologies
C) Poverty and oppression
D) Media coverage

Question 48

Some scholars assert the end of the Cold War changed the international system, creating a world in which domestic and international affairs are intertwined, national borders are permeable, and states have rejected the use of force for resolving conflict. This condition is often called

A) postmodernity.
B) global new alternate world.
C) a phantasm, never likely to happen.
D) post-structural realism.

Question 49

The Entebbe raid, which occurred in _______, freed passengers that anti-Israeli guerrillas held on hijacked aircraft.

A) 2002
B) 1955
C) 1976
D) 1987

Question 50

Some counterterrorism experts believe that _______ is an important first step in stopping would-be transnational terrorists.

A) diplomacy, including persuasion and various incentives to encourage foreign governments to suppress groups
B) appeasement, because some things are not worth dying for
C) cost-benefit analyses of the need to stop transnational groups
D) the willingness to apply overwhelming force

Question 51

What is the word used to describe the dissemination and communication of terrorist ideology through various media?

A) Propaganda
B) Mobilizing
C) Rhetoric
D) Proselytizing

Question 52

It is difficult to prevent suicide attacks when a person believes the promise of _______ offers more than _______.

A) private goods; a public good
B) money; fame
C) fighting the enemy; simple martyrdom
D) better weapons; the present situation

Question 53

Terrorism is

A) the use of violence to inspire fear in order to effect political change.
B) the use of violence by any nonstate group.
C) spreading fear through nonviolent means, like propaganda.
D) practiced only by the weak.

Question 54

Using technology to hunt and track the enemy, sharing intelligence with other states, and targeting insurgent leadership with unmanned drones and covert operations are the components of

A) counterinsurgency (COIN).
B) counterintelligence (COINTEL).
C) counterterrorism.
D) counteroperations.

Question 55

The four kinds of terrorism are

A) left-wing terrorism, right-wing terrorism, ethno-nationalist/separatist terrorism, and religious terrorism.
B) religious terrorism, political terrorism, traditional terrorism, and postmodern terrorism.
C) Christian terrorism, Jewish terrorism, Muslim terrorism, and Buddhist terrorism.
D) nonstate terrorism, ethnic terrorism, state-sponsored terrorism, and transnational terrorism.

Question 56

The globalization of commerce has

A) encouraged a neorealist anti-terrorism movement sponsored by TNCs.
B) improved terrorists' mobility.
C) created a self-determination movement in the Third World sponsored by the United States.
D) reduced terror attacks in capitalist countries.

Question 57

Al Qaeda and the Islamic State have _______ stages in their strategy to establish a global Islamic caliphate.

A) seven
B) ten
C) five
D) two

Question 58

A group of terrorists or intelligence operatives who remain dormant in a target country until ordered to carry out their mission is known as

A) an undercover operation.
B) a sleeper cell.
C) a secret operation or "black-ops" group.
D) a wake-up cell.

Question 59

Economic explanations for terrorism rest on the assumption that

A) all terrorists are recruited from poor families.
B) a Western-dominated, globalized economy allows for great inequalities that must be remedied, possibly by violent means.
C) governments break the social contract with their citizens by encouraging outsourcing.
D) terrorists are motivated by material gains.

Question 60

The _______ is a cooperative antiterror network made up of China and post-Soviet states.

A) Authoritarian Antiterror Association
B) Shanghai Cooperation Organization
C) Sino-Soviet Pact
D) Asian Continental Cooperative Organization

Question 61

What is the revolution in military affairs?

Question 62

Define hybrid war in 30 words or fewer.

Question 63

Briefly, what is the media's role in postmodern war?

Question 64

Give three examples of sub-national conflict.

Question 65

Briefly explain the difference between "old" and "new" wars.

Question 66

Define collective security.

Question 67

Name three causes of war and the theoretical paradigms that use them.

Question 68

According to social constructivists, how do material things acquire meaning?

Question 69

Define nuclear proliferation in 25 words or fewer.

Question 70

What is meant by political and prestige benefits regarding nuclear weapons?

Question 71

List the three core treaties that you think are the most important for limiting the spread and use of nuclear weapons. Explain your answer.

Question 72

Choose either the United States, Russia, China, or the European Union and briefly describe what its goals are as a great power.

Question 73

What strategies do states use to combat transnational terrorist networks?

Question 74

What were the three factors that led to the birth of transnational terrorism?

Question 75

What are the four types of terrorist groups?

Question 76

What does the word "jihad" mean? Expand the definition beyond "holy war."

Question 77

Briefly, what is the difference between secular terrorism and religious, or "sacred" terrorism?

Question 78

What are the five areas in which globalization technology has improved the capabilities of terrorist groups?

Question 79

What are constructivist criticisms of realist and liberal accounts of the causes of war?

Question 80

What are the three types of explanations for terrorism?