Deck 2: The Evolution of Global Politics

Question 1

Sovereignty promised

A) formal equality for all states, which it also guaranteed through institutions.
B) the domination of all states by only a few or the most powerful.
C) the abolition of the state as an institution
D) formal equality for all states, but inherently favored some states anyway.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The Peace of _______ ended the Thirty Years' War.

A) Westphalia
B) Preswick
C) Westerplatte
D) Mihårte

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The year 1648 represents a dividing line in European history because

A) it was the year that Vasco da Gama landed at the Seven Cities of Cibola, bringing large amounts of silver and gold into the Portuguese economy, but also wage and price inflation.
B) the Sino-French war ended that year.
C) the Congress of Europe phase of diplomacy began, signaling a desire to end ethno-nationalism.
D) the Thirty Years' War ended that year, bringing with it a new template for relations in the international system.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles

A) created the system of French and British mandates over former German colonies in Africa.
B) placed the blame for World War I only on Germany.
C) placed the blame for World War I only on Serbia and Austria-Hungary.
D) banned Germany from having submarines and an air force.

Question 5

The Congress of Vienna and the European concert system were examples of

A) gatherings of intellectuals and artists whose aim was to advise sovereigns on how to rule.
B) legislative precursors to the European Congress.
C) early democratic movements.
D) attempts to create a permanent balance of power in Europe.

Question 6

Prior to the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, why did German military forces attack in the Balkans and North Africa?

A) To support their ally, Italy
B) To support their ally, Russia
C) To demand their treaty rights as documented in the Congress of Vienna
D) In support of their ally, Serbia

Question 7

Which of the following was not a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

A) An end to World War I
B) Satisfaction with regards to German territorial aspirations
C) Establishing the League of Nations
D) Imposing reparations on Germany

Question 8

What is the core value of the post-1648 international society that Europeans created?

A) Political independence
B) Self-determination
C) Sovereign equality
D) Freedom

Question 9

In the case of World War I, "total war" meant

A) the people and resources of entire societies were mobilized for the common purpose.
B) the effects of the war toppled democratic governments in France, Russia, and Austria-Hungary, replacing them with dictatorial systems.
C) the sum of campaigns around the world added to a globalized conflagration of violence.
D) after the war the victors placed the blame for the conflict on only one state.

Question 10

What term best describes the dominance of a particular state in relation to all other states in the international system?

A) Empire
B) Hegemony
C) Sovereign
D) Suzerain state

Question 11

The theorist _______ called the period between the two world wars the twenty-year crisis.

A) Grotius
B) Francisco de Vitoria
C) Vittel
D) Carr

Question 12

Article 231 of the Versailles Treaty, which assigned _______ to Germany for causing World War I, was used to justify reparations.

A) guilt for the Second World War
B) guilt for World War I
C) permanent occupation
D) permanent dismemberment

Question 13

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points included a call for which of the following?

A) An end to diplomacy
B) A return to isolationist thinking
C) National self-determination
D) The permanent partition of Germany

Question 14

The term "appeasement" is usually connected with which person and which event or place?

A) Laval and the occupation of the Saarland
B) The Kellogg-Briand Pact and Washington Naval Treaty
C) Hitler and Czechoslovakia
D) Cavour and Trieste

Question 15

At which international summit did the leaders of France and the United Kingdom acquiesce to Germany's demands for territorial concessions from Czechoslovakia?

A) Memel
B) Munich
C) Danzig
D) London

Question 16

The NATO alliance initially represented an important United States commitment to

A) the defense of Western Europe after 1949.
B) the defense of North America after World War I.
C) work with the League of Nations in 1919.
D) directly confront Soviet expansion into Western Europe.

Question 17

Glasnost means _______ and is most commonly associated with _______.

A) "resistance"; anti-Nazi forces in Poland and Russia
B) "openness"; Gorbachev
C) "capitalism"; Yeltsin
D) "openness"; Putin

Question 18

The United States and the Soviet Union viewed decolonization as a means to

A) encourage referenda on self-determination.
B) improve the standard of living in newly independent states.
C) bridge divisions in the societies of new states.
D) spread their influence.

Question 19

The Cold War began as a result of ideological competition over which region?

A) Korean Peninsula
B) China
C) Europe
D) South Pacific

Question 20

When did the concept of modern total war take shape?

A) European colonial wars in Africa
B) The Cold War
C) World War I
D) World War II

Question 21

What is the term used to describe the retreat from empire throughout most of Asia and Africa after 1945?

A) Decolonization
B) Wind of change
C) Retro-imperialism
D) Détente

Question 22

What key defensive policy was associated with the Truman Doctrine?

A) Rapprochement
B) Apartheid
C) Containment
D) Decolonization

Question 23

What year was the NATO treaty signed?

A) 1945
B) 1949
C) 1952
D) 1960

Question 24

Khrushchev's policy towards the West was a mixture of seeking coexistence and sometimes pursuing

A) perestroika and glasnost.
B) economic reforms.
C) hegemony.
D) ideological confrontation.

Question 25

What was the term used to describe the reestablishment of friendlier relations between China and the United States?

A) Containment
B) Rapprochement
C) Détente
D) Wind of change

Question 26

In what year did the Cuban Missile Crisis take place?

A) 1960
B) 1961
C) 1962
D) 1968

Question 27

World War I

A) was characterized by trench warfare, evolving military technology, and attrition.
B) ended in 1945 following the use of atomic weapons.
C) ended war with Germany, but saw the start of the Cold War.
D) officially ended the British Empire.

Question 28

The British exit from the European Union (Brexit) can be seen as a victory for which of the following groups or ideas?

A) The so-called Nanny State
B) Economic nationalists
C) Arms control and disarmament
D) NATO

Question 29

Marxism was an important ideology for revolutionary movements in which countries?

A) Malaya and Vietnam
B) Vietnam and Palestine
C) Kenya and Ghana
D) Kiribati and North Yemen

Question 30

Scholars of the end of European decolonization contend that

A) there was no singular pattern of decolonization during that period.
B) there was more violence in British decolonization.
C) there was little to no violence associated with French decolonization.
D) imbedded liberal institutions in Spanish colonies caused a reaction from the United States.

Question 31

Many international relations experts believed that _______ during the Cold War produced a mostly stable international system.

A) multipolarity
B) bipolarity
C) the United States' conventional military arsenal
D) the division of Germany

Question 32

The Warsaw Pact was

A) the Allied plan for the division of Europe after World War II.
B) a mutual defense agreement between communist states in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.
C) an alliance of resistance units to both Nazi and Soviet occupation.
D) the name given to Eastern European members of NATO who joined after the Cold War.

Question 33

The text asserts that the effects of _______ helped to end the era of European colonialism.

A) World War II
B) long-term wage-price instability
C) the Korean War
D) Russo-Japanese War

Question 34

What phrase was used by President George H. W. Bush to describe the post-Cold War world?

A) Interlude to globalism
B) Interregnum
C) Truce without appeasement
D) New world order

Question 35

Which term best describes the balance of power in the years immediately after the end of the Cold War?

A) Unipolar
B) Bipolar
C) Multipolar
D) Nonpolar

Question 36

The Warsaw Pact was created in

A) 1922.
B) 1946.
C) 1955.
D) 1965.

Question 37

According to the text, which Wilsonian ideals are said to have flourished in the years immediately after the end of the Cold War?

A) The spread of democratic ideas
B) The preference for using military force to resolve disputes
C) The interconnectedness associated with capitalism
D) Unipolarity

Question 38

The text argues that the Cold War

A) for all the threats of global destruction was a period of peace and stability everywhere.
B) was a time when both the US and USSR ruled their blocs with sets of inflexible rules.
C) was a time of multipolarity that caused unparalleled prosperity around the world.
D) was not "cold" at all for the millions of people who died around the world.

Question 39

According to the text, what term best describes the new class of economic actors of post-communist Russia?

A) NKVD-niks
B) Oligarchs
C) Globalizers
D) Second World economists

Question 40

Who termed the United States a "hyperpower"?

A) Boris Yeltsin
B) Hubert Vedrine
C) Josef Joffe
D) Jacques Chirac

Question 41

Anarchy is a system in which by

A) there is a revolt against global political authority.
B) there is total chaos in the international system.
C) the international system deconstructs its central government.
D) there is no central government in the international system above the state.

Question 42

According to the text, what is ironic about the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq?

A) Iraq had moved its WMD to Kuwait.
B) Multilateralism backfired for the Bush administration.
C) It was the first time that the US had attacked a state with a democratically elected government.
D) Iraq was not involved in the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Question 43

Classical realists contend that a rising China

A) will disturb the balance of power once it is strong enough to challenge the United States.
B) seeks to economically integrate with the global economy.
C) is committed to a peaceful rise.
D) cannot surpass the United States in military strength

Question 44

The relaxation of tensions between the USSR and the United States during the 1960s and 1970s was called

A) realpolitik.
B) rapprochement.
C) Ostpolitik.
D) détente.

Question 45

Prior to the US-led invasion of Iraq, what goal did the United States and Iraq have in common?

A) Weakening Saudi Arabia's hold on Middle Eastern oil supplies
B) Containment of the geopolitical ambitions of Iran
C) Cooperation with Turkey to provide humanitarian assistance to the Kurds
D) Promotion of a stable Syria

Question 46

The leaders of which country saw a threat to their own country's national security when Montenegro joined NATO?

A) Greece
B) Russia
C) Kirghizia
D) United States

Question 47

Which is NOT a hypothesis for why the United States went to war with Iraq?

A) Iraq posed a serious and potentially rising threat to a critically important region.
B) The US sought to control Iraq's massive reserves of oil.
C) Interest groups and social pressure from within the United States.
D) Saddam Hussein was a repressive dictator who committed genocide against Kurds and Shiites.

Question 48

When former President Bill Clinton said "compete not retreat" he was referring to

A) limiting the abilities of IGOs such as the UN and EU to interfere in US domestic politics.
B) the USS Cole attack and the need to "get tough"-as he put it-on global terror.
C) economic globalization.
D) secularization of global politics.

Question 49

In what country was the collapse of communism in the 1980s NOT bloodless?

A) Yugoslavia
B) Sweden
C) Belgium
D) Denmark

Question 50

What problem did NATO have until 9/11?

A) enlargement
B) "out of area"
C) irrelevance
D) diversified command structure

Question 51

Which leader displeased Russians with a foreign policy that was regarded as too conciliatory toward their capitalist former adversaries?

A) Vladimir Putin
B) Mikhail Gorbachev
C) Boris Yeltsin
D) Dmitry Medvedev

Question 52

When Vladimir Putin took office, what became more prominent and troublesome for a Russia-West strategic partnership?

A) Market capitalism
B) Crony capitalism
C) Authoritarianism and nationalism
D) Militarism and Marxism

Question 53

Closer East Asian integration began in 1967 with the formation of what organization?

A) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
B) Economic Community of East Asia (ECEA)
C) Asian Integration Organization (AIO)
D) Organization for the Development of East Asia (ODEA)

Question 54

Which of the following states ended their nuclear-weapons program?

A) France and Germany
B) South Africa and Israel
C) India and Pakistan
D) South Africa and Libya

Question 55

Which three 1940s-era US foreign policy initiatives were designed to stop the spread of Soviet influence in Western Europe?

A) Containment, Truman Doctrine, and Marshall Plan
B) Kennan Doctrine, Truman Plan, and Marshall Plan
C) Great Society, New World Order, and Truman Doctrine
D) Thatcher Doctrine, Truman Plan, and containment

Question 56

What treaty was signed between George H. W. Bush and Gorbachev that reduced long-range nuclear missiles?

A) Ballistic Missile Reduction Treaty (BMRT)
B) Intermediate Nuclear Force (INF)
C) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)
D) Treaty for the Reduction of Long-Range Nuclear Missiles (TRLRNM)

Question 57

There were two revolutions in Russia in 1917. The first led to the creation of the _______, and the second brought the _______ to power.

A) Revolutionary Command Agency; Mensheviks
B) Liberal Democrats; Luddites
C) provisional government; Bolsheviks
D) Cadets; Molodets

Question 58

The "New World Order" is best characterized by

A) global domination by the USSR.
B) a resurgence of communist ideas in Western Europe.
C) a period of economic divestment in the developing world.
D) a preference for the use of systems of regional and global governance.

Question 59

An arms race is thought to _______ the security dilemma.

A) prevent the occurrence of
B) create the conditions for
C) be the final stage of
D) be identical to

Question 60

Samuel Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" refers to a perceived innate hostility between

A) the United States and Nazi Germany.
B) peoples with different cultural attributes.
C) Cold War rivals.
D) historical Greek wars over the Peloponnesus.

Question 61

How have diplomacy and international law shaped international society?

Question 62

List three key events that led to the emergence of modern international society.

Question 63

What is meant by the term "sovereign equality"?

Question 64

What three institutions regulate international society?

Question 65

List three contemporary challenges to international society posed by globalization.

Question 66

Was World War I more "total" than World War II?

Question 67

Define appeasement in 40 words or less.

Question 68

What four empires dissolved after World War I?

Question 69

Why was there no single process of decolonization?

Question 70

What are two explanations for World War I, and which authors proposed them?

Question 71

How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the causes of World War II?

Question 72

Why did détente come to an end?

Question 73

Name three nuclear crises and the years in which they occurred.

Question 74

Explain the differences between détente, rapprochement, and Ostpolitik.

Question 75

Define glasnost and perestroika.

Question 76

What were the differences and similarities between the Brezhnev Doctrine and the Carter Doctrine?

Question 77

What was the "Second Cold War"?

Question 78

What was the Cold War?

Question 79

Why does Mandelbaum believe the post-Cold War peace ended?

Question 80

What three early crises of the Cold War led to a stable East-West relationship?