Deck 12: The Pursuit of Perfection

Question 1

Who was the first great practitioner of evangelical Calvinism?

A) Samuel John Mills
B) Lyman Beecher
C) Nathaniel Taylor
D) Horace Mann
E) Charles G. Finney

Answer 1

Lyman Beecher

Question 2

Lyman Beecher was especially influential in which one of the following reform movements?

A) abolition
B) mental asylum reform
C) prison reform
D) public school reform
E) temperance

Answer 2

temperance

Question 3

What was considered the "proper" sphere for middle-class white women in the nineteenth century?

A) helping with her husband's small business
B) being involved in the arts and literature
C) keeping house and raising a family
D) working on tasks that did not need physical strength
E) wage-earning outside the home

Answer 3

keeping house and raising a family

Question 4

The radical abolitionist and cofounder of the American Anti-slavery Society was ________.

A) William Lloyd Garrison
B) Theodore Weld
C) Sojourner Truth
D) Harriet Beecher Stowe
E) Harriet Tubman

Question 5

What was considered to be the most important function of the school in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) intellectual training
B) vocational training
C) moral indoctrination
D) child care
E) physical conditioning

Question 6

The idea that people could conduct their lives completely free of sin is called ________.

A) perfectionism
B) abolitionism
C) temperance
D) acceptance
E) purification

Question 7

What was considered the main function of the family unit in the nineteenth century?

A) to establish a good name for the family
B) to maintain the family's reputation
C) to contribute to the economy
D) to defend family members against outsiders
E) to raise children

Question 8

What was the focus of the feminine subculture for many middle-class women during the nineteenth century?

A) establishing that women are morally superior to men
B) establishing a sense of solidarity with other women
C) gaining political equality with men
D) gaining economic equality with men
E) competition with other women to be most virtuous

Question 9

Which of these was used successfully in the early 1800s to increase church membership?

A) overseas missionary activity
B) ecumenicalism
C) revivalism
D) spiritualism
E) marketing tactics

Question 10

In addition to reading,writing,and arithmetic,mid-nineteenth-century public schools taught ________.

A) abolitionist ideals
B) the Protestant ethic
C) Catholicism
D) the evils of industrialization
E) the merits of science over religion

Question 11

What was the Washingtonian Society?

A) an evangelical group that focused on converting the working classes to Christianity
B) a group of Christian women who traveled the country preaching the evils of alcoholism
C) a political faction that used the Constitution as a basis for their antislavery movement
D) a temperance group whose members discussed their struggles with alcoholism
E) a secret society that prompted many of the social and religious reforms during the 1800s

Question 12

What did the term "benevolent empire" refer to?

A) a United States without slavery
B) the English-speaking Christian colonies
C) a group of Christian churches that focused on helping the poor
D) a group of missionary and reform societies that worked together
E) the Kingdom of Heaven

Question 13

Who were primarily affected by the Cult of Domesticity?

A) relatively affluent women
B) middle-class men
C) working-class women
D) African-American women
E) recent immigrants

Question 14

Which religiously liberal group of the early nineteenth century denied the doctrine of the Trinity?

A) Presbyterians
B) Congregationalists
C) Unitarians
D) Methodists
E) Mormons

Question 15

Which American president had little formal education as a child,but sharpened his intellect through participation in debating societies and lyceums?

A) James K. Polk
B) John Quincy Adams
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) James Garfield
E) Franklin Pierce

Question 16

Whose career demonstrated the tie between revivalism and abolitionism?

A) Lewis Tappan
B) Theodore Dwight Weld
C) Charles G. Finney
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
E) Harriet Tubman

Question 17

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A) a wave of religious revivals
B) a political movement to abolish slavery
C) an early women's rights movement
D) a reform movement to educate more American children
E) a creative movement that revolutionized American art

Question 18

Nineteenth century parents began using ________ instead of corporal punishment to enforce good behavior among their children.

A) fear
B) praise
C) bribery
D) shame
E) humor

Question 19

Which of the following men was the most influential spokesman for the common school movement?

A) John Harward
B) Lyman Beecher
C) Henry James
D) Horace Mann
E) Terrance Knox

Question 20

Where did antislavery orators and organizers tend to have their greatest success?

A) border states
B) the upper North
C) large cities
D) frontier territories
E) northern state legislatures

Question 21

Each of the following was a result of the temperance campaign of the 1830s EXCEPT ________.

A) thousands of local temperance organizations were set up
B) large numbers of confirmed drunkards were cured
C) temperance became a mark of respectability among middle-class men
D) per capita consumption of hard liquor declined by over 50 percent
E) the drinking habits of middle-class American males were significantly altered

Question 22

Why did Catharine Beecher argue that women should be schoolteachers?

A) Teaching was a form of parenting, at which women naturally excelled.
B) Women had a stronger moral sense than men.
C) Women were more intelligent than men.
D) Teaching was the only paid occupation for which women were qualified.
E) Women had better language and explication skills than men.

Question 23

What was true about the temperance movement of the nineteenth century?

A) It was created to help unmarried women survive in the workforce.
B) It led to a rise in organized crime due to criminalization of alcohol consumption.
C) It was the least successful reform movement of the era.
D) It was created to address alcohol consumption rates much lower than modern rates.
E) It addressed a very real social problem of the time.

Question 24

The reform movement in New England began as a(n)________.

A) effort to defend Calvinism against Enlightenment ideas
B) attempt to maintain the status quo in religion
C) result of the actions of social radicals in religion
D) outgrowth of deism
E) rejection of Catholicism

Question 25

Frederick Douglass was all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) a former slave
B) the founder of the black newspaper North Star
C) a prominent black abolitionist
D) a fiery orator, who described slavery to northern audiences
E) a presidential candidate in 1868

Question 26

In contrast to the North,revivalism in southern states did not ________.

A) seek to improve the morals of society
B) push for social reform
C) encourage temperance
D) discourage dueling
E) have an impact on religious life

Question 27

As a result of revivalism,northern evangelicals were involved with each of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) abolitionism
B) missionary and benevolent associations
C) the temperance movement
D) Indian removal
E) publication of religious tracts

Question 28

The reality behind the Cult of Domesticity was ________.

A) the growing urban population of the nation
B) the accepted use of child labor
C) a growing division between the workplace and the home
D) the increasing acceptance of careers for women
E) the staggering number of women dying during childbirth

Question 29

Who were the main conductors on the Underground Railroad?

A) sympathetic plantation owners in the South
B) freed slaves in the Southwest
C) free blacks in the North
D) affluent whites in the North
E) working-class whites

Question 30

William Lloyd Garrison's stand on _________ led to an open break at the national convention of the American Anti-slavery Society in 1840.

A) interracial marriage
B) African-American rights
C) religion
D) temperance
E) women's rights

Question 31

What was one of the results from changes in the middle-class family in the nineteenth-century?

A) Children left home sooner.
B) Children became more available for labor.
C) Children received more physical punishment than in earlier generations.
D) Children increasingly became viewed as individuals.
E) Children were often offered up for adoption.

Question 32

Which of the following was NOT a major change in middle-class family life during the nineteenth century?

A) Relationships between parents and children became more intimate.
B) The "Cult of Domesticity" gained ground.
C) Families became more child-centered.
D) More and more women worked outside the home.
E) The use of corporal punishment declined.

Question 33

Why did educational reformers want local schools to serve sometimes as a substitute for the family?

A) They were worried that poor and immigrant families would not properly nurture their children.
B) They were worried that parents in poor and immigrant families often ended up getting divorced.
C) They were afraid that many families would resist the new child-centered model of family life they endorsed for religious reasons.
D) They were worried that parents in wealthy families often ended up getting divorced.
E) They were worried that parents in poor and immigrant families often ended up abandoning their children.

Question 34

In practice,working-class families viewed the new public schools ________.

A) as depriving them of needed wage earners
B) as essential to the improvement of their economic situation
C) with indifference
D) as an indication of upper class paternalism
E) as a welcome learning opportunity for themselves and their children

Question 35

The temperance movement was like the abolition movement in ________.

A) spawning Washingtonian societies
B) being popular in both the North and the South
C) being part of an international movement
D) involving women and black activists in important roles
E) being restricted largely to the North

Question 36

Which of these describe the effect of the Cult of Domesticity?

A) It spread the message that women had no value in the society.
B) It saw women as guardians of virtue within the family.
C) It idealized women who left their families for religious missions.
D) It taught that women should help the economic stability of their families.
E) It focused on the domestic role of men.

Question 37

What did radical revivalist Charles G.Finney do that was considered a violation of tradition?

A) He allowed women to join his church.
B) He allowed women to pray aloud in church.
C) He relied on rational, scientific arguments to win converts.
D) His sermons were lengthy, sometimes lasting two hours.
E) He did not believe in a mysterious, all-powerful God.

Question 38

What significant event occurred in 1848,at Seneca Falls,New York?

A) the largest religious revival in American history
B) the first national gathering of feminists
C) an anti-Mormon riot in which several were killed
D) the beginning of the radical antislavery movement
E) the cession of the Ohio Valley to the United States

Question 39

Which of the following women became one of the most significant leaders of the women's rights movement?

A) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
B) Mother Ann Lee
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Harriet Beecher Stowe
E) Louisa May Alcott

Question 40

Which of the following identifies a key reason why society began focusing on childhood in the nineteenth century?

A) Children were becoming a larger part of the national economy.
B) Urban couples saw large families as an economic asset.
C) Religious revivalism made birth control and abortions impossible.
D) Families were getting larger and individual children became more highly valued.
E) Families got smaller.

Question 41

Which statement below is true of the American Colonization Society?

A) African countries refused to participate in the program.
B) It advocated immediate emancipation of slaves.
C) It was opposed by African Americans in the North.
D) Government intervention hampered its efforts.
E) It was responsible for most of the emancipations prior to the Civil War.

Question 42

Which of the following individuals is INCORRECTLY matched with his or her reform movement?

A) Lyman Beecher: Temperance
B) Horace Mann: public schools
C) Theodore Dwight Weld: abolition
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton: women's rights
E) David Walker: prison reform

Question 43

What were the major goals of the expanded and improved public education system of the 1830s and 1840s? How did these goals reflect the influence of the Second Great Awakening?

Question 44

Why has the nineteenth century been identified as "the century of the child"?

A) Parents began having more children, and larger families required more attention.
B) Parents had a new attitude towards childhood, and families became child-centered.
C) Medical advances made it possible for more children to survive to adulthood.
D) Children became a more important part of the labor force.
E) For the first time ever, children began to spend money in the economy.

Question 45

How did working-class urban whites generally feel about the abolitionist movement?

A) They supported abolitionism because they thought the institution of slavery was morally wrong.
B) They supported abolitionism because they thought it would lead to more economic opportunities.
C) They resisted abolitionism because they sincerely believed that African Americans were happier in slavery than they would be as free people.
D) They resisted abolitionism because they worried about the collapse of the cotton industry.
E) They resisted abolitionism because they did not want to compete socially and economically with African Americans.

Question 46

Abolitionism served as a catalyst for the ________ movement.

A) temperance
B) women's rights
C) utopian socialist
D) transcendentalist
E) prison reform

Question 47

What was the main source of tension between black and white abolitionists?

A) Black abolitionists thought that white abolitionists were too radical.
B) White abolitionists thought that black abolitionists were too radical.
C) White abolitionists protested that they did not have a fair share of influence and leadership positions in the movement.
D) Black abolitionists protested that they did not have a fair share of influence and leadership positions in the movement.
E) White abolitionists did not want to end slavery immediately, whereas black abolitionists did.

Question 48

Which statement best characterizes how evangelical culture changed the role of women in American society?

A) Women began to expect their husbands to contribute more to household chores and the duties of raising children.
B) Women became less important figures to the home and family.
C) Women became more confined to the home but became more important inside it.
D) Women were expected to make a larger economic contribution to the society than ever before.
E) Women were given more active roles and public leadership positions.

Question 49

In what way do historians consider the abolitionist movement of the 1830s and 1840s to be a success?

A) It brought the issue of slavery into the public consciousness.
B) It convinced most people that slavery should be abolished immediately.
C) It peacefully converted many slaveholders to abolition.
D) It led to a marked decrease in racism among northern urban whites.
E) It orchestrated the emancipation of thousands of slaves.

Question 50

Which of the following movements of the nineteenth century had the greatest influence on the development of the abolitionist movement?

A) Cult of Domesticity
B) extension of public education
C) women's rights movement
D) temperance movement
E) Second Great Awakening

Question 51

How did the social reform movement of the early nineteenth century affect women,children,and the family?

Question 52

What was a major goal of the early women's rights activists in the mid-1800s?

A) to free unmarried women from laws that did not allow them to work outside the home
B) to give married women some control of themselves, their property, and their children
C) to enact laws that would require men to participate equally in household duties such as child-rearing
D) to convince more women to run for public office
E) procuring the right to vote

Question 53

How did the American social reform movement evolve out of the Second Great Awakening?

Question 54

As early nineteenth-century American reformers struggled with the issue of slavery,what different approaches did they take in dealing with it? How did the rise of the "new perfectionism" affect the antislavery movement?