Deck 15: Secession and the Civil War

Question 1

Cooperationists believed that the slave states ________.

A) should act as a unit rather than secede one at a time
B) should remain in the Union
C) should form a new union with northern states
D) and the free states should simply find a way to get along
E) should cooperate with Britain and France

Answer 1

should act as a unit rather than secede one at a time

Question 2

The Crittenden Compromise would have ________.

A) extended the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific
B) abolished the Fugitive Slave Law
C) denied federal compensation to the owners of escaped slaves
D) guaranteed slavery in all new territories
E) changed the Constitution to allow slavery to be abolished in all the states

Answer 2

extended the Missouri Compromise to the Pacific

Question 3

The Union general who replaced Winfield Scott as commander of Union forces was ________.

A) Irvin McDowell
B) Joseph Hooker
C) Robert E. Lee
D) William Tecumseh Sherman
E) George McClellan

Answer 3

George McClellan

Question 4

The Enrollment Act of March 1863 ________.

A) drafted white men but allowed them to hire a substitute or pay a fee to avoid service
B) drafted black males into the armed forces but denied them pay for their service
C) allowed black men to join the American armed forces for the first time
D) required that all military service be voluntary rather than mandatory
E) prohibited wealthy men from hiring substitutes or paying a fee to avoid service

Question 5

Approximately what percentage of the slave population gained freedom during the war under the terms of the Emancipation Proclamation?

A) 1 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 60 percent
E) 100 percent

Question 6

Which was most common in determining whether a state supported the North or the South in the Civil War?

A) ideology about slavery
B) opinions about Lincoln's presidency and whether he was a legitimate leader
C) views on whether or not states had the right to secede from the Union
D) economic interests
E) religious convictions

Question 7

Where was the capital of the Confederacy located?

A) Montgomery, Alabama
B) Atlanta, Georgia
C) Richmond, Virginia
D) Savannah, Georgia
E) Memphis, Tennessee

Question 8

During the Civil War,about ________ African Americans served in the Union Army.

A) 10,000
B) 100,000
C) 200,000
D) 500,000
E) 1,000,000

Question 9

One of the bloodiest battles of the war was ________,which took place on September 17,1862.

A) Shiloh
B) Bull Run
C) Vicksburg
D) Gettysburg
E) Antietam

Question 10

The first major battle of the war,at Bull Run,resulted in ________.

A) a Union victory
B) a Confederate victory
C) a bloody stalemate
D) the capture of Washington, D. C.
E) Sherman's capture of Savannah, Georgia

Question 11

What caused seven states to secede from the Union before any shots had been fired?

A) the Compromise of 1850
B) John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry
C) the election of President Lincoln
D) the Emancipation Proclamation
E) Lincoln's plans to free the slaves

Question 12

The Emancipation Proclamation freed ________.

A) all slaves throughout the United States
B) only slaves in the loyal border states
C) only slaves in the western territories
D) only slaves in the Confederate-controlled areas
E) only children born in the future to those who were then slaves

Question 13

The Confederate 1863 victory at Chancellorsville cost the Confederacy the life of ________.

A) Jefferson Davis
B) "Stonewall" Jackson
C) Robert E. Lee
D) William Tecumseh Sherman
E) Ulysses S. Grant

Question 14

Which one of the following states was NOT part of the Confederacy?

A) Missouri
B) North Carolina
C) Texas
D) Tennessee
E) Florida

Question 15

Which of the following southern states was the first to secede from the Union?

A) Kentucky
B) Virginia
C) Alabama
D) South Carolina
E) North Carolina

Question 16

As a war leader,Jefferson Davis ________.

A) focused more on policymaking than controlling the military
B) had an excellent relationship with his generals
C) lacked initiative and leadership on the home front
D) frequently used martial law to retain control
E) had the full support of southern governors

Question 17

Copperheads ________.

A) strongly supported the Emancipation Proclamation
B) supported the growth of the federal government
C) narrowly won victory in the 1864 election
D) were militant antiwar activists
E) were a group of wealthy industrialists who secretly financed the war

Question 18

In 1861,Lincoln declared martial law and suspended the _________ in the area between Philadelphia and Washington.

A) Constitution
B) writ of habeas corpus
C) right to bear arms
D) freedom of speech protections
E) right to vote

Question 19

The Confederate Constitution ________.

A) allowed the Atlantic slave trade to be reopened
B) abolished the three-fifths clause in determining congressional representation
C) prohibited free states from joining the new Confederacy
D) allowed the government to impose protective tariffs
E) required the government to protect slavery in the states and the territories

Question 20

The first shots of the Civil War were fired at ________.

A) Fort Pickens
B) Fort Sumter
C) Manassas Junction
D) Fort Henry
E) Fort Donelson

Question 21

What did the Sanitary Commission promote?

A) cleanliness, nutrition, and medical care in northern army camps
B) healthy drinking water in northern cities
C) improved sewer systems in southern urban centers
D) cleanliness in northern factories
E) nutrition and medical care for freed or escaped slaves

Question 22

Why was Lincoln angry with General McClellan after the battle at Antietam?

A) McClellan retreated while he still had a chance to win the battle.
B) McClellan killed Robert E. Lee rather than taking him prisoner.
C) McClellan lost the battle, despite having a clear advantage in the field.
D) McClellan lost too many men in the battle, which weakened the Union army.
E) McClellan was slow to pursue Robert E. Lee after the battle and let Lee escape.

Question 23

In the beginning,the Civil War was a ________.

A) struggle to free the slaves
B) struggle to preserve the Union
C) personal struggle between Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis
D) struggle to preserve "King Cotton"
E) struggle over control of new and future territories

Question 24

Who surrendered to the Union Army at Appomattox Courthouse in April of 1865?

A) Confederate President Jefferson Davis
B) General Robert E. Lee
C) General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
D) General Ulysses S. Grant
E) Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens

Question 25

Which statement best describes the Confederate constitution?

A) It was a loose collection of ideas rather than a formally drafted document.
B) It was very similar to the U.S. Constitution.
C) It was based on the British Constitution.
D) It was a subject of ongoing debate throughout the war.
E) It represented the desires of reactionary extremists in the South.

Question 26

To secure the necessary troops for the war,both the North and the South ________.

A) resorted to a draft
B) forbade wealthy men to buy exemptions
C) allowed women to join combat units
D) hired mercenaries from Europe
E) used "press gangs," coercion, and blackmail to obtain soldiers

Question 27

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change how each side viewed the war?

A) It made the South realize that slavery was not a sustainable system.
B) It allowed both sides to focus exclusively on fighting.
C) It made the South realize that it should re-enter the United States and fight for slavery in Congress.
D) It committed the North to abolishing slavery as a major aim of the war.
E) It made the South realize that secession had not been necessary.

Question 28

Lincoln rejected the Crittenden compromise because _______.

A) he wanted to avoid war with the South
B) war was by then inevitable
C) extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific would solve the slavery issue
D) the firing on Fort Sumter had begun the war
E) he felt he had a mandate to oppose slavery

Question 29

Why did northern sentiment to free the slaves increase as the war dragged on?

A) People began to realize that slavery was immoral.
B) People recognized that emancipation could be used as a weapon against the South's economic and social systems.
C) Congress thought it would be easier to reintegrate the southern states into the Union if slavery were abolished.
D) Hatred for the South and the Confederacy had increased.
E) Strategists thought that a northern emancipation law might goad southern military leaders into making tactical mistakes.

Question 30

After Lincoln's election,which best describes what happened in the upper South?

A) States there immediately seceded.
B) These states were afraid to secede since they were so close to the Union forces.
C) States there did not think that Lincoln's election alone was a good enough reason to secede.
D) States there began taking steps to emancipate their slaves.
E) These states considered forming their own republic separate from the North and the Deep South.

Question 31

Which best describes the South's goal in seceding from the Union?

A) to create a slave empire based on reactionary ideals
B) to slowly get rid of slavery and exist as an independent nation
C) to recreate the government of the British Isles
D) to recreate the Union as it had been before the Republican Party
E) to form a powerful nation that would eventually take over the North

Question 32

During the war,the Confederate economy ________.

A) managed to produce a surplus of industrial goods
B) easily evaded the effects of the northern blockade
C) suffered from severe inflation
D) actually benefited from the Emancipation Proclamation
E) boomed, as most do during a war

Question 33

During the war,the North ________.

A) was plagued by the lack of manufactured goods
B) suffered from a weak railroad system
C) was plagued by a series of violent anti-draft riots
D) finally overcame the problem of anti-African-American racism
E) slowly began to starve

Question 34

The attack on Fort Sumter ________.

A) was a prolonged and exceptionally bloody battle
B) weakened the secession movement
C) caused increasing opposition to the war in the North
D) united northern opinion against the rebellion
E) was the first southern defeat of the war

Question 35

Approximately ________ soldiers died in the Civil War.

A) 50,000
B) 125,000
C) 620,000
D) 950,000
E) 1,500,000

Question 36

Which statement best describes Lincoln's early military policy toward the Confederacy?

A) He wanted to take the South back by force as soon as possible.
B) He wanted the South to be responsible for starting the war.
C) He wanted the North to take the first military action.
D) He wanted the North to refrain from military action regardless of southern actions.
E) He wanted to start the war with a decisive Union victory in a key southern city.

Question 37

The victory at ________ gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

A) Gettysburg
B) Vicksburg
C) Richmond
D) Shiloh
E) Fredericksburg

Question 38

Which statement best describes the disparity in resources between the North and the South during the Civil War?

A) The North had more factories and industrial workers than the South.
B) The value of industrial production was higher in the South.
C) The South had more textiles and firearms factories.
D) The South had more miles of railroad tracks than the North.
E) The North was unable to access its immigrant population for manpower.

Question 39

Lincoln's opponent from the Democratic Party in the presidential election of 1864 was _______.

A) Jefferson Davis
B) Stephen Douglas
C) John Bell
D) Ulysses S. Grant
E) George McClellan

Question 40

African-American soldiers did all of the following during the Civil War EXCEPT ________.

A) serve in segregated units under white officers
B) make a vital contribution to the North's victory
C) serve in integrated units under black officers
D) participate disproportionately in heavy labor behind the lines
E) accept lower pay initially than their white counterparts

Question 41

How did the role of government change as a result of the Civil War?

A) More power was given to local governments instead of the state and federal levels.
B) The federal government became less involved in economic policy.
C) All constitutional restrictions on federal government were dissolved.
D) The federal government became recognized as supreme over state governments.
E) State governments were confirmed as being supreme over the federal government.

Question 42

Why did Virginia,Arkansas,Tennessee,and North Carolina join the Confederacy only after the attack at Fort Sumter?

A) When given a choice of whether to fight for or against states that had already seceded, those states sided with the Confederacy.
B) When given a chance to join the Confederacy, those states joined because they thought they could convince the South to reunite with the North.
C) When given a chance to join the Confederacy, those states joined because they thought it would enhance their economic situation.
D) When given a chance to join the Confederacy, those states joined because they thought they could convince the other states to abolish slavery.
E) When given a chance to join the Confederacy, those states joined because they thought they could convince the North to accept secession.

Question 43

Evaluate the overall impact of emancipation on the outcome of the war.

Question 44

Which identifies a key reason for the South's defeat in the Civil War?

A) The Confederacy lacked a single competent general to lead its troops.
B) Southern planters were reluctant to start growing food crops instead of cash crops.
C) Confederate armies lacked the conviction to fight a prolonged war with the North.
D) The South was too industrialized to adapt well to a wartime economy.
E) The northern troops were better individual soldiers than Confederate troops.

Question 45

Which statement best characterizes Sherman's march through Georgia?

A) Sherman defied Lincoln by refusing to implement a scorched-earth policy.
B) Sherman destroyed almost anything of military or economic value in his path.
C) Sherman destroyed cities, but was careful to do little damage to infrastructure.
D) Sherman avoided major population centers in order to travel as quickly as possible.
E) Sherman was careful not to alienate the local population.

Question 46

What caused the New York riot of July 1863?

A) a combination of racial prejudice and opposition to the draft
B) a combination of fervent abolitionism and religious zeal
C) a strong anti-immigrant sentiment
D) economic desperation
E) southern agitators who were trying to stir up trouble

Question 47

How did life change for women as a result of the Civil War?

A) Men traumatized from the war were less choosy about marriage.
B) Northern women pushed the boundaries of their traditional roles.
C) Women were forced into more subservient roles than they had previously occupied.
D) Traditional gender inequalities were destroyed and women were seen as equals.
E) Women gained the right to vote during the post-war period.

Question 48

Compare the adjustments the North and South made to meet the demands of total war.What factors gave the North the advantage?

Question 49

Which statement best describes the situation for women in the South after the Civil War?

A) The South remained more conservative about women's role in the society than the North.
B) The South became more liberal about women's role in the society than the North.
C) The situation for women in southern society did not change as a result of the war.
D) Women took the lead in criticizing the Confederate cause and repairing the relationship with the North.
E) Southern women became less active in the economy and the society as a result of the war.

Question 50

As a result of the war,how did the American society change?

A) The United States became a better place for large corporations.
B) The United States became more reliant on individuals and small producers for economic progress.
C) The United States began to emulate nostalgic representations of life in the Old South.
D) The United States became more socialistic, and began to address the needs of the poor and the disadvantaged.
E) The United States became militantly anti-corporation.

Question 51

Compare Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis as wartime leaders.To what extent were these differences due to differing conditions in the Union and the Confederacy?

Question 52

Which identifies the main reason for Lincoln's victory in the 1864 presidential campaign?

A) The Democratic Party failed to offer a strong candidate.
B) Northern morale was high throughout the war and Lincoln had few critics.
C) Heavy northern losses rallied the Republican Party behind him.
D) A string of northern military victories rallied the Republican Party behind Lincoln.
E) Lincoln ran unopposed.

Question 53

After the war,many working class northern whites were ________.

A) eyeing unoccupied agricultural land in the South and considering taking up farming
B) fearful that the abolition of slavery would have negative effects on workers in general
C) hopeful that the crusade against slavery could broaden into a movement to help workers in general
D) unemployed since the Confederate army had destroyed or disrupted so many northern industries
E) feeling fierce anti-immigrant sentiments since so few immigrants had supported the Union cause

Question 54

What arguments did secessionists develop to justify leaving the Union? What problems did secession create for both Lincoln's administrations?