Deck 13: Clinical Instruments and Methods

Question 1

Which document is especially important in determining the contents of a structured clinical interview?

A) APA Ethics Code
B) Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
D) AERA, APA, NCME Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which is the principal outcome of applying one of the structured clinical interviews?

A) a diagnostic classification
B) a treatment plan
C) a determination of etiology
D) a plan for follow-up testing

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Completing the entire Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (usually done only in research situations) takes about how long?

A) 30 min
B) 3 hours
C) 9 hours
D) 3 days

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which is the most widely referenced structured clinical interview?

A) SCID
B) SCL-90-R
C) STAI
D) MMPI

Question 5

Responses to SCID items are coded as ___.

A) yes, no, uncertain
B) high, middle, low
C) severe, moderate, mild
D) presence, absence, inadequate information

Question 6

How does the text compare results of research on the employment interview with research on the clinical interview?

A) Results are very similar.
B) Results are very dissimilar.
C) There is no basis for making a comparison of results.

Question 7

According to the text, research on the reliability and validity of the traditional interview has yielded results that are ___.

A) very pessimistic
B) very promising
C) inconsistent
D) sparse

Question 8

When "interview" is included as an entry in surveys of tests used by psychologists, where does "interview" usually rank?

A) first
B) last
C) in the middle

Question 9

The "traditional" clinical interview is ___.

A) Structured
B) Semi-structured
C) Unstructured

Question 10

The text contrasts tests aimed at normal personality traits with tests intended as clinical instruments. One way in which these two categories of tests differ is in the ___.

A) nature of the test item stems
B) nature of the test item responses
C) strategies for test development
D) settings for administration

Question 11

The text contrasts tests aimed at normal personality traits with tests intended as clinical instruments. One way in which these two categories of tests are the same is in the ___.

A) emphasis on diagnosis
B) nature of items and response formats
C) settings for administration
D) emphasis on treatment planning

Question 12

SCID is broken up into "modules" corresponding to different ___.

A) age levels
B) ethnic groups
C) categories of disorders
D) levels of severity

Question 13

The 1989 revision of the MMPI included all of the following modifications EXCEPT:

A) clinical scales were referenced by number rather than diagnostic category
B) the T-score to signal high scores was eliminated
C) entirely new norms were developed
D) several new validity indexes were added

Question 14

What was the main approach to personality test development used in construction of the original MMPI?

A) content
B) criterion-keying
C) factor analysis
D) theory-driven

Question 15

The K score of the MMPI-2 is also called the _____ score.

A) infrequency
B) lie
C) correction
D) cannot say

Question 16

Which type of scale in the MMPI-2 was developed by grouping together those items that seemed to measure the same construct?

A) clinical
B) content
C) validity
D) supplementary

Question 17

Which of these tests yields the greatest number of scores?

A) EPPS
B) NEO PI-R
C) STAI
D) MMPI-2

Question 18

On the MMPI-2, a simple count of all omitted and double-marked items yields the ______ score.

A) ?
B) L
C) F
D) K

Question 19

The scales on the original MMPI were identified by _____.

A) numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3, …)
B) letters (e.g., A, B, C, …)
C) names of clinical groups
D) names of the scales' authors

Question 20

What type of norm is used to construct the Basic Profile for the MMPI-2?

A) stanines
B) z-scores
C) percentiles
D) T-scores

Question 21

With code-type reporting, such as that used on the MMPI-2, the codes indicate a person's ______.

A) highest scores
B) lowest scores
C) most typical scores
D) least reliable scores

Question 22

The _____ score on the MMPI-2 contains reports of responses to significant items, such as "I often feel like slitting my wrists".

A) critical items
B) content
C) supplementary
D) clinical

Question 23

The major method for reporting MMPI-2 scores that examines the peaks, or highest scores, in an examinee's profile is called ___.

A) narratives
B) clinical types
C) code types
D) profiles

Question 24

In a report of a patient's MMPI-2 results, a clinician notes elevations on clinical scales 2 and 4. Which method for reporting scores is the clinician using?

A) narratives
B) code types
C) profiles
D) clinical types

Question 25

The textbook identifies three distinctive features of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. Which of these is NOT one of those features?

A) normative definition of problem scores based on T-score cutoffs
B) an explicit attempt to align scores with the DSM
C) the MCMI is much shorter than the MMPI
D) scores that take into account base rates for types of psychological problems in the population

Question 26

The term "multiaxial" in the title of the MCMI refers primarily to ______.

A) the axes in the DSM
B) the rotated axes in factor analysis of the MCMI
C) use of both orthogonal and oblique axes in the MCMI
D) the MCMI's item analysis procedures

Question 27

The MCMI's base rate scores attempt to take into account differences in ______ for different clinical conditions.

A) gender rates
B) severity levels
C) prevalence rates
D) reliability of scales

Question 28

In terms of the number of test items, how does the MCMI compare with the MMPI-2? The MCMI is -

A) much longer
B) slightly longer
C) about the same
D) much shorter

Question 29

Which of these is a quick, self-report survey of a wide array of dysfunctional states?

A) SCID
B) SCL-90-R
C) MMPI-2
D) STAI

Question 30

SCL-90-R uses the same basic approach as the earlier ___.

A) Binet-Simon intelligence scale
B) Wechsler-Bellvue Intelligence Scale
C) Originasl Rorschach Inkblot
D) Woodworth Personal Data Sheet

Question 31

SCL-90-R yields scores for nine primary symptom dimensions. What does factor analytic research suggest about this structure?

A) There are probably just a few underlying dimensions for the test.
B) There are probably many more than 9 dimensions for the test.
C) Nine is about the right number of dimensions for the test.

Question 32

Which is NOT one of the global indexes yielded by the SCL-90-R?

A) Global severity index
B) Positive symptom distress index
C) Positive symptom total
D) Overall score

Question 33

Score interpretation for the Beck Depression Inventory relies mainly on ____.

A) standard scores
B) stanines
C) four categories
D) z-scores

Question 34

The EDI is the most widely used measure of ___.

A) elation-depression
B) extraversion
C) eating disorders
D) disordered identity

Question 35

The _____ attempts to differentiate between a temporary anxiety condition and a more permanent, enduring personality characteristic.

A) Beck Anxiety Inventory
B) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
D) Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory

Question 36

The crucial difference in the STAI's two sets of items is in the ___.

A) directions for responding
B) content of item stems
C) response formats
D) total number of items

Question 37

What type of validity indexes does the STAI use?

A) Scores based on inconsistent responses
B) Scores based on infrequent responses
C) Scores based on social desirability
D) It does not have any validity indexes

Question 38

Dr. N, a school psychologist, wishes to use a behavior rating scale for Tom, a 5^th grade student. Who is likely to answer the questions on the scale?

A) Dr. N
B) Tom
C) Tom's teacher
D) Tom's classmates

Question 39

The Response Style Indicators on EDI-3 are examples of ___.

A) norms
B) validity indexes
C) reliability coefficients
D) multiple correlations

Question 40

Which is a self-report measure related primarily to eating disorders?

A) BDI-II
B) CBCL
C) EDI-3
D) STAI

Question 41

Items in behavior rating scales usually deal with ___.

A) very specific feelings
B) very specific behaviors
C) generalized behavior patterns
D) generalized patterns of feeling

Question 42

Which is NOT one of the widely used, multi-score behavior rating scales?

A) Behavior Assessment System for Children
B) Child Behavior Checklist
C) Conners' Rating Scale
D) Wechsler Behavior Test

Question 43

Which of these is the most likely type of response scale to use with a behavior rating scale?

A) 2-point (yes, no)
B) 2-point (true, false)
C) 4-point (never, sometimes, often, always)
D) 4-point (very mild, mild, severe, very severe)

Question 44

Which of these is considered the premier, ideal behavioral assessment technique?

A) analogue behavioral observation
B) natural observation
C) self-report
D) behavioral interviewing

Question 45

We deliberately create a situation where we can observe a person in a social setting. What behavioral assessment technique are we applying?

A) behavioral interviewing
B) cognitive-behavioral assessment
C) analogue behavioral assessment
D) self-monitoring

Question 46

The "talk-aloud" technique is used in what behavioral assessment technique?

A) natural observation
B) self-monitoring
C) analogue behavioral assessment
D) cognitive-behavioral assessment

Question 47

Role-playing is an application of which behavioral assessment technique?

A) behavioral interviewing
B) cognitive-behavioral assessment
C) analogue behavioral assessment
D) self-monitoring

Question 48

Behavioral assessment developed in part as a reaction against ___.

A) psychodynamic theories
B) client-centered therapy
C) Pavlovian conditioning
D) Skinner's reinforcement schedule

Question 49

Behavioral assessment has had its main application in which of these domains of psychology?

A) school-based achievement
B) psychopathology
C) cognitive ability
D) career development

Question 50

What method is being used when a person gets "beeped" at random times during the day and is asked to record some aspect of behavior?

A) self-monitoring
B) talk-aloud
C) role-playing
D) experience sampling

Question 51

The leaderless group discussion technique is an example of ___.

A) self-monitoring
B) talk-aloud
C) role-playing
D) experience sampling

Question 52

Behavioral interviewing emphasizes ___.

A) detailed reporting
B) acting out
C) faking good
D) uncovering unconscious motives

Question 53

I'm trying to stop using the words "like" and "whatever" in conversation. I keep careful count of how often I use these words. In the language of behavioral assessment, this is an example of ___.

A) self-monitoring
B) talk-aloud
C) role-playing
D) experience sampling

Question 54

Which of these behavioral assessment techniques comes closest to what advocates of behavioral assessment call traditional tests?

A) physiological measures
B) direct observation
C) self-report
D) analogue behavioral observation

Question 55

When a person is using the self-monitoring technique, in addition to recording instances of the target behavior, the person should record ___.

A) environmental events related to the behavior
B) feelings of guilt
C) people's reactions to the behavior
D) possible motives for the behavior

Question 56

One of the major drawbacks of behavioral assessment methods in comparison with traditional tests is that the behavioral assessment methods tend to be ___.

A) inconvenient to use
B) lacking in face validity
C) frowned upon by psychiatrists
D) unrelated to treatment

Question 57

Among the clinical instruments, managed care has led to the use of _____ instruments.

A) briefer
B) longer
C) newer
D) older

Question 58

What does the text say about the number of new clinical instruments becoming available for use? The number of new instruments has ___ in recent years.

A) declined
B) remained
C) greatly increased

Question 59

A major reason for use of briefer clinical instruments, in contrast to longer instruments like the MMPI, is that the briefer instruments ___.

A) are easier to re-administer for follow-up evaluation
B) have better norms
C) are more likely to have an interpretive report
D) have better reliability

Question 60

Which is a recent reformulation of the MMPI-2, designed to deal with some of the long-standing criticisms of that venerable inventory?

A) MMPI-3
B) MMPI-2 Restructured Form
C) MMPI-Revision 4
D) MMPI-New Form

Question 61

What is a distinctive feature of the MMPI-2 Restructured Form (RF) in comparison with the MMPI-2?

A) RF gives a global demoralization scale
B) RF uses a completely new normative base
C) RF eliminates the "validity" scales
D) RF does not use T-scores

Question 62

The MMPI-2 Restructured Form (RF) provides three higher-order scales. These scales are based on _____.

A) criterion-keying the items based on new clinical groups
B) combinations of the "critical items"
C) a more sophisticated T-score system
D) factor analysis of the clinical scales

Question 63

The text suggests that the "P" in the PAI might better stand for ______ than for ____.

A) Personality, perfectionism
B) Psychopathology, personality
C) Personality, psychosis
D) Psychopathology, positive

Question 64

The Personality Assessment Inventory yields about how many main scores?

A) 5
B) 20
C) 90
D) 200

Question 65

The most important scores in the Personality Assessment Inventory come from the ____ scales.

A) Validity
B) Clinical
C) Treatment
D) Interpersonal