Deck 10: Being a Member of the Adolescent Subculture: Activities and Interactions with Peers

Question 1

Which of the following statements about adolescent sports involvement is TRUE?

A) College athletes tend to use alcohol more than nonathletes do.
B) Sports participation improves academic performance.
C) In general, boys benefit from sports participation more than girls do.
D) all of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Like adult social structures,adolescent societies can be divided into two groups:

A) youth-driven and adult-driven.
B) formal and informal.
C) academic and extracurricular.
D) culture and subculture.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Relatively small,tightly-knit groups of friends who spend considerable time exclusively with each other are known as:

A) cliques.
B) clubs.
C) crowds.
D) subcultures.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Jonathan and his three best friends hang out together and exclude others from their group.This best illustrates:

A) a clique.
B) a crowd.
C) a liaison.
D) social isolates.

Question 5

Fifteen-year-old Donita and her parents constantly disagree on basic values such as honesty,integrity,and concern for others.In the U.S.this is:

A) common for lower-SES youth, but not for higher-SES youth.
B) uncommon for girls, but common for boys.
C) uncommon for adolescents and their parents.
D) common for adolescents and their parents.

Question 6

Observational studies have shown that _________ are the most prevalent and important friendship structures for adolescents.

A) sports teams
B) cliques
C) crowds
D) classrooms

Question 7

Parents and adolescents usually agree on the issue of:

A) honesty.
B) noisiness.
C) punctuality.
D) tidiness.

Question 8

Most informal youth societies are located:

A) in church.
B) in school.
C) in street gangs.
D) outside of school.

Question 9

Approximately what percent of adolescents belong to a clique?

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

Question 10

What is the most important identifier during adolescence?

A) Gender
B) Ethnicity
C) Grade level
D) SES

Question 11

Any formal,well-defined social system to which adolescents belong is almost always closely related to their:

A) church.
B) city.
C) home.
D) school.

Question 12

The organized network of relationships and associations among teenagers is called adolescent:

A) culture.
B) SES.
C) society.
D) subculture.

Question 13

The body of norms,values,and practices shared by teenagers is called adolescent:

A) culture.
B) SES.
C) society.
D) subculture.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Female adolescents more than male adolescents tend to value academic success.
B) Middle-SES adolescents more than poverty-class adolescents tend to value academic success.
C) Academic success by itself is a good predictor of popularity.
D) In general, students who participate in structured extracurricular activities tend to do better in school than nonparticipants.

Question 15

In the eyes of other students,membership in the ________ school subsystem is the most important.

A) academic
B) activities
C) counterculture
D) friendship

Question 16

Which of the following is the most likely source of conflict between parents and adolescents?

A) Concern for others
B) Honesty
C) Perseverance
D) Punctuality

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics are valued more by adolescents than by their parents?

A) Popularity
B) Hedonism
C) Nonconformity with tradition
D) all of the above

Question 18

When they are deciding what to do with their lives,adolescents are most likely to turn to:

A) their friends.
B) their parents.
C) the media.
D) their teachers.

Question 19

The idea that adolescents are part of a uniform peer group whose values are contrary to those of adults is the idea that there is an adolescent:

A) society.
B) culture.
C) subculture.
D) worldview.

Question 20

In which of the following matters are adolescents' views least like their parents' views?

A) Education
B) Career plans
C) Dating customs
D) Prejudices

Question 21

Which of the following statements about cliques is FALSE?

A) Clique membership changes frequently.
B) Most adolescents do not belong to a clique.
C) Cliques usually have a very definite status hierarchy.
D) Liaisons become less and less common as adolescents get older.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about loneliness is TRUE?

A) Boys have greater problems with loneliness than girls do.
B) Loneliness occurs less in adolescents than in older people.
C) Lonely adolescents tend to be less attractive and less intelligent than non-lonely ones.
D) all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following statements about adolescent friendships is TRUE?

A) During mid-adolescence girls experience increased stress in their friendships.
B) Friendships in early adolescence are more stable than friendships in late adolescence.
C) There is a significant negative correlation between quality of parent-adolescent relationships and quality of adolescents' peer relationships.
D) all of the above

Question 24

Unprovoked aggressive behavior that stems from a perceived power difference between perpetrator and victim is called:

A) relational aggression.
B) reputational aggression.
C) autosociality.
D) bullying.

Question 25

Approximately what percent of adolescents are liaisons?

A) 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) 70

Question 26

Diane is friendly,nice,cooperative,helpful,and trustworthy; therefore,she is liked by many of her peers.Psychologists would say that Diane has _______ popularity.

A) perceived
B) sociometric
C) reputational
D) relational

Question 27

Which of the following statements about adolescent friendships is FALSE?

A) Asian American parents are more likely than Latino and African American parents to discourage their children from having peer relationships.
B) Adolescents with secure attachments to parents tend to have better peer relationships than adolescents with insecure attachments.
C) An adolescent's best friend is usually of the same gender, race, and SES.
D) Adolescent friends tend to coerce each other into doing things.

Question 28

Brenda is not part of a clique but she has several friends from different cliques.Brenda is:

A) a liaison.
B) high-SES.
C) popular.
D) all of the above

Question 29

Victims of bullies are often any of the following EXCEPT:

A) shy and quiet.
B) physically weak.
C) average students academically.
D) without many friends.

Question 30

The hippie movement was during the:

A) 1950s.
B) 1960s.
C) 1970s.
D) all of the above

Question 31

When adolescents refer to "popular kids," they are referring to kids who:

A) are well liked by others.
B) have a lot of friends.
C) are socially dominant leaders.
D) all of the above

Question 32

In terms of friendships,boys are more likely than girls to:

A) want faithfulness in their friends.
B) dislike peers who brag about themselves.
C) expect material help from friends.
D) all of the above

Question 33

Research on bullies has shown that they tend to have all of the following EXCEPT:

A) low self-esteem.
B) authoritarian parents.
C) the active or passive support of peers.
D) cold, rejecting parents.

Question 34

Research on adolescent friendship demonstrates that,compared to males,females exhibit more:

A) insecurities.
B) emotional self-disclosure.
C) loneliness.
D) all of the above

Question 35

"Flappers" were young,rebellious females of the:

A) 1890s to 1900s.
B) 1910s to 1920s.
C) 1930s to 1940s.
D) 1050s to 1960s.

Question 36

A "liaison" is a teen who:

A) is sexually promiscuous.
B) has few friends.
C) has friends from several cliques.
D) is the leader of a clique.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective antibullying intervention?

A) Motivations for bullying are rarely necessary to address, but instead interventions need to focus on changing behaviors.
B) School-wider policies need to be aired and consistently enforced by teachers and administrators.
C) Long-term interventions should be used rather than short-term ones.
D) All students need to be involved, not just bullies and victims.

Question 38

All of the following are true of crowds EXCEPT:

A) a crowd is an association of cliques.
B) a crowd is larger than a clique.
C) few crowd members also belong to a clique.
D) crowds don't get together daily.

Question 39

School-based antibullying programs have been found to reduce rates of bullying by:

A) 10% to 25%.
B) 25% to 50%.
C) 50% to 75%.
D) 75% to 100%.

Question 40

Research has indicated that young adolescents,unlike older adolescents,prefer to disclose their emotions to their:

A) friends.
B) siblings.
C) boyfriend or girlfriend.
D) parents.

Question 41

Lawrence refuses to have friendships with girls,insisting that they have "cooties" and are from another planet.What stage of psychosocial development is Lawrence exhibiting?

A) Autosociality
B) Heterosociality
C) Homosociality
D) Bisociality

Question 42

The term heterosociality means:

A) developing romantic relationships with adolescents of the other gender.
B) adolescents enjoy friendships with individuals of both genders.
C) preferring to be friends with individuals of one's own gender.
D) preferring to be friends with individuals who are not one's gender.

Question 43

Mac is good-looking,charming,and a leader at school.He also manipulates others to get what he wants.It is most likely that Mac has:

A) perceived popularity.
B) sociometric popularity.
C) autosociality.
D) reputational popularity.

Question 44

Which of the following purposes of dating includes learning cooperation,consideration,and responsibility?

A) Achieving intimacy
B) Companionship
C) Recreation
D) Socialization

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the techniques Kaczmarek and Backlund suggest that parents use to help their adolescents cope with a break-up?

A) Gently point out that they're still young and will have time to find the right relationship.
B) Help the adolescents realize that their feelings are normal.
C) Encourage them to take care of themselves with rest, exercise, and good nutrition.
D) Talk to them about the grieving process.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about daters versus nondaters is TRUE?

A) Daters have more autonomy from parents than do nondaters.
B) Casual daters feel closer to their other friends than do steady daters.
C) Daters who are emotionally distant from their parents tend to be less satisfied with their dating relationships than are those who are close to their parents.
D) all of the above

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT considered one the three stages of children's psychosocial development?

A) Heterosociality
B) Autosociality
C) Bisociality
D) Homosociality

Question 48

Which of the following statements about adolescent love is FALSE?

A) Boys more than girls base their love for someone of the other gender on that person's physical attractiveness.
B) Teenage girls fall in love more quickly and more often than teenage boys do.
C) Most American children fall in love for the first when they're in early adolescence.
D) Experiencing a romantic break-up is one of the most common causes of adolescent suicide and homicide.

Question 49

Adolescents indicate that if they had to work in same-gender pairs on a school assignment,they would want a partner who was:

A) an athlete.
B) physically attractive.
C) an A or B student.
D) gifted and talented.

Question 50

Two tools that adolescents with perceived popularity often use to hold on to their high status are:

A) reputational aggression and physical aggression.
B) physical aggression and verbal aggression.
C) verbal aggression and relational aggression.
D) relational aggression and reputational aggression.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven purposes of dating that are listed in the text?

A) Recreation
B) Achieving intimacy
C) Achieving identity
D) Mate selection

Question 52

Primary school children,who only enjoy being with others of the same gender,are illustrating:

A) autosociality.
B) heterosociality.
C) homosociality.
D) bisociality.

Question 53

Preschool children,who get the most satisfaction from being by themselves,illustrate:

A) autosociality.
B) heterosociality.
C) homosociality.
D) bisociality.

Question 54

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Girls are slightly more likely than boys to use relational aggression.
B) Relational aggression tends to be used before reputational aggression.
C) Boys are more likely than girls to use direct verbal insults.
D) Adolescents are more likely than younger children to use reputational aggression.

Question 55

Spreading rumors and lies about someone in order to ruin his or her social standing is called:

A) manipulative aggression.
B) relational aggression.
C) reputational aggression.
D) verbal aggression.

Question 56

Allen and his six male friends hang out together all the time,often going to concerts or just driving around together.Some characterize this adolescent group focus as:

A) border work.
B) heterosociality.
C) herd life.
D) normative regulation.

Question 57

Adolescents who enjoy having friendships with both genders are illustrating:

A) autosociality.
B) bisociality.
C) homosociality.
D) heterosociality.

Question 58

Adolescents with perceived popularity tend to:

A) be physically attractive.
B) be socially manipulative.
C) spend a lot of money on clothes.
D) all of the above

Question 59

A boy's first effort to contact a girl usually involves:

A) asking her to play sports with him.
B) carrying her books home.
C) complimenting her on her clothing.
D) teasing her by roughhousing.

Question 60

Ann suddenly finds that a group of girls who used to talk with her are now ignoring her.Ann is experiencing:

A) manipulative aggression.
B) relational aggression.
C) reputational aggression.
D) verbal aggression.

Question 61

Adolescents who receive a lot of phone calls usually interpret this as:

A) indication of their social standing.
B) a sign of great communication skills.
C) evidence of their academic success.
D) proof of their sexual attractiveness.

Question 62

Approximately what number of unmarried cohabiting couples were there in the U.S.in 2004?

A) 2 million
B) 3 million
C) 4 million
D) 5 million

Question 63

Approximately what proportion of American male and female teens report being a victim of dating violence?

A) 1/8
B) 1/6
C) 1/4
D) 1/2

Question 64

Which of the following statements about early marriage is FALSE?

A) The teenage marriage rate has been increasing slightly.
B) The younger people are when they get married, the higher the chance of divorce.
C) Early marriages are more common in lower-SES adolescents than higher-SES adolescents.
D) Adolescents who get poor grades in school are more likely to marry early.

Question 65

What is the current median age at which American women first marry?

A) 20.0
B) 24.3
C) 26.0
D) 27.1

Question 66

Approximately what percent of American young adults will live with someone prior to marriage?

A) Less than 20
B) 20 to 35
C) 35 to 50
D) More than 50

Question 67

The huge increase from 1985 to 2002 in the number of new cars sold to American teenagers can be attributed to:

A) better and cheaper cars that are available.
B) improvements in safety standards so that teens are more comfortable owning their own cars.
C) parents being more willing to buy the cars and pay for the insurance.
D) more "teen-friendly" cars being on the market.

Question 68

Which of the following statements about adolescent dating violence is FALSE?

A) Boys are more likely than girls to initiate violence.
B) Boys' reactions to the violence they experience from girls is divided between anger and thinking it's funny.
C) Boys tend to be less bothered than girls by dating violence.
D) The most common form of dating violence for both genders is being forced to engage in unwanted sexual activities.

Question 69

Approximately how much money per week in discretionary funds does the average American college student have?

A) $75
B) $140
C) $210
D) $395

Question 70

The majority of cohabiting college couples can be placed into the category of:

A) living together without commitment.
B) being intimately involved with an emotional commitment.
C) living together as a prelude to marriage.
D) living together as a trial marriage.

Question 71

In 2006 the buying power of American teens reached approximately:

A) $5 million.
B) $480 million
C) $34 billion.
D) $190 billion.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) The majority of college students who have cohabited have positive feelings about the experience.
B) Cohabiting as an alternative to marriage is more common among older adults than among adolescents.
C) People who cohabit are generally less likely to split up than people who are married.
D) Intimate partner violence is more common among cohabitors than among those who are married.

Question 73

In general,when it comes to dating violence,males ________,whereas females ________.

A) are shoved and kicked; are forced to engage in unwanted sexual activities
B) are less likely to initiate violence; are more likely to initiate violence
C) are likely to react with fear; are likely to think its funny
D) all of the above

Question 74

What is the number one reason for early marriage,especially while still in school?

A) To escape from unhappy homes
B) Pregnancy
C) Religious beliefs
D) Peer pressure

Question 75

What percent of American students leave college with credit card debt?

A) 75
B) 50
C) 35
D) 10

Question 76

Which of the following statements about adolescents' clothing is FALSE?

A) The importance of clothing increases over the course of adolescence.
B) Female adolescents are more concerned about clothes than are male adolescents.
C) Adolescents consciously use clothes for self-expression and as a way to judge others.
D) Teenagers are very brand conscious.

Question 77

Where do the majority of American adolescents get their money?

A) Part-time jobs
B) Parents
C) Collecting spare change around the house
D) Gifts

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a reason that credit card companies target college students?

A) People develop brand loyalty to the first credit card they get.
B) The cards have annual fees people must pay.
C) Students usually pay the minimum balance plus high interest rates.
D) Parents usually keep their adolescents from defaulting on their credit card bill.

Question 79

Which of the following tends to be the greatest obstacle to the success of teenage marriages?

A) Immaturity
B) Lack of commitment
C) Lack of sexual knowledge
D) Parental interference

Question 80

What is the current median age at which American men first marry?

A) 21.7
B) 23.6
C) 25.8
D) 27.1