Deck 11: Consequences of Victimization

Question 1

Negative consequences of victimization are often crime dependent. This means that _____________.

A) Harms from victimization can co-occur for each type of crime.
B) Different types of crimes can result in different types of harms to victims.
C) The characteristics of an offender can lead to different consequences.
D) Situational aspects of victimization can affect the victim's lifestyle.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

According to the National Violence against Women Survey (NVAWS), the most frequent type of physical trauma experienced by victims of sexual assault is ________.

A) Internal injuries.
B) Broken bones and dislocated joints.
C) Scratches, bruises, or welts.
D) Chipped or broken teeth.
E) Laceration, knife wounds.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Research regarding the physical consequences of victimization has mostly focused on identifying circumstances under which victims sustained injuries.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Research investigating how the victim-offender relationship influences the victim's likelihood of being injured during a crime has produced ________ results.

A) Conclusive.
B) Positive.
C) Strong.
D) Mixed.
E) None of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following are examples of short-term emotional trauma a victim may experience?

A) Denial.
B) Reduced self-esteem.
C) Shock.
D) Shame.
E) All of the above are examples of short-term emotional trauma.

Question 6

According to Bard and Sangrey (1979), which of the following is not a stage of crisis reaction?

A) Recoil stage.
B) Impact stage.
C) Reorganization stage.
D) Traumatic stage.

Question 7

The financial and economic costs to victims are relatively easy to estimate for _________ victimization.

A) Elder abuse.
B) Property.
C) Sexual assault.
D) White-collar.
E) Homicide.

Question 8

According to National Crime Victimization Survey and Uniform Crime Report data, __________ results in the total highest financial loss and ________ results in the greatest individual financial loss.

A) Identity theft; mortgage fraud.
B) Burglary; robbery.
C) Larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft.
D) Shoplifting; homicide.
E) None of the above.

Question 9

Individuals are the only victims of financial crimes.

Question 10

Social stigma is defined as _____________.

A) A personality disorder that results from being part of an underprivileged class or having a lower socioeconomic status.
B) A condition that carries with it disapproval or shame because of stereotypes of perceptions associated with certain characteristics or attributes.
C) A genetic mutation caused by parental drug or alcohol abuse and is linked to delinquent behavior in adolescence.
D) A physical ailment that is the result of an individual eating too many vegetables and that results in long-term weight loss.
E) All the above can be defined as a social stigma.

Question 11

Which of the following is/are a(n) example(s) of a challenge confronting researchers when trying to determine actual changes in postvictimization behavior?

A) Determining chronology in the available data.
B) Defining changes in behavior.
C) Acknowledging social desirability bias.
D) Interpreting respondents' meanings.
E) A and C
F) B and D

Question 12

___________ research generally supports the contention that there is a link between emotional responses to crime and subsequent behavior adaptations.

A) Fear of crime.
B) Polyvictimization.
C) Child abuse.
D) Stalking victimization.
E) All of the above types of research.

Question 13

Researchers have reported finding a positive relationship between experiencing childhood victimization and __________.

A) Personal income.
B) Juvenile delinquency.
C) Teen pregnancy.
D) Parental substance abuse.
E) Test scores.

Question 14

According to Cullen and colleagues (2008), bullying victimization represents a form of _________.

A) Social disorganization.
B) Labeling.
C) Low self-control.
D) Strain.
E) Anomie.

Question 15

Two social consequences of intimate partner violence are (1) ________ and (2) _________.

A) Isolation; homelessness.
B) Unprotected sex; sex with multiple partners.
C) Suicidal behaviors; illicit drug use.
D) Physical injuries; depression.

Question 16

According to Max and colleagues (2004), the largest contributor to the economic toll of rape victimization is _____________.

A) Lost time from paid work for the victim.
B) Medical care costs for the offender.
C) Medical care costs for the victim.
D) Lost time from household work by the victim.

Question 17

A difficulty in estimating the extent of elder maltreatment is the _____________.

A) Lack of research on this topic using national-level data.
B) Unwillingness of offenders to confess to this crime.
C) Small number of nursing homes where this crime occurs.
D) Lack of cooperation by victims of elder maltreatment.
E) None of the above.

Question 18

Homicide survivors are __________ victims that continue to suffer long after the criminal event.

A) Primary.
B) Indirect.
C) Recurring.
D) Direct.

Question 19

All forms of victimization can affect victims physiologically, psychologically, financially, socially, and behaviorally.

Question 20

Understanding how individuals are affected by criminal victimization is important because it _____________.

A) Helps to increase the size of the police force.
B) Reduces case attrition in the criminal justice system.
C) Provides evidence for more effective responses to victims.
D) Informs forensic protocol for crime scene investigations.
E) All of the above are important reasons.

Question 21

Do you think certain consequences from criminal victimization are especially detrimental to a crime victim or do you think that the consequences affect crime victims equally? Explain your answer with examples of consequences for a specific type of crime. Be sure to name your selected type of crime.

Question 22

Consequences of victimization are said to co-occur. Choose a type of victimization and explain how this might be the case for the type of victimization that you selected. Provide examples of consequences that victims experience following your chosen type of victimization.

Question 23

Explain what it means to be a homicide survivor, highlighting the differences between direct and indirect victims of crime. Next, review the consequences of homicide survivorship.