Deck 8: Domain-Specific Opportunities for Victimization

Question 1

A domain is an area of activity. Which of the following does not represent a domain?

A) Happy Valley High School.
B) Facebook.
C) Woodland State Penitentiary.
D) Idaho.
E) A and C
F) B and D

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Domains produce different opportunities for victimization because of differences in the quantities of __________, __________, and _________ present within them.

A) Offenders, targets, guardianship.
B) Males, females, children.
C) Weapons, law enforcement, motivation.
D) Managers, employees, shopping carts.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is an important component of bullying?

A) The victim is exposed to unwanted negative attention.
B) The behavior experienced is repeated.
C) There is a power imbalance between the victim and the offender.
D) All of the above are important components of bullying.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is not a type of bullying?

A) Racial bullying.
B) Verbal bullying.
C) Relational bullying.
D) Animal bullying.
E) A and B
F) B and C

Question 5

Males experience more physical bullying victimization than females; females experience more relational bullying than males.

Question 6

Two aspects of cyberbullying that distinguish it from traditional bullying are that it (1) ___________ and that it (2) _____________.

A) Is repeated; includes verbal bullying.
B) Exposes the victim to wanted negative attention; causes victims high self-esteem.
C) Involves electronic methods; extends beyond school hours.
D) Includes threats and name calling; does not involve gender bullying.
E) None of the above.

Question 7

Negative effects experienced by bullying victims include _____________.

A) Reduced self-esteem.
B) Decreased school performance.
C) Depression or anxiety.
D) Emotional distress.
E) All of the above are negative effects experienced by bullying victims.

Question 8

The college/university campus domain decreases the risk for sexual victimization against female college students.

Question 9

Data indicate that the sexual victimization of college students by other students is _______, but that reporting of these crimes to law enforcement or campus authorities is ________.

A) Low; high.
B) High; low.
C) Stable; low.
D) Low; stable.

Question 10

The acceptance of rape myths may lead more students to _____________.

A) Not label sexual intercourse without consent as rape.
B) Not take self-defense classes.
C) Perpetuate sexual violence against women.
D) Fight against sexual assault on campus.
E) A and C
F) B and D

Question 11

Which of the following is not a behavior that can facilitate opportunities for victimization among college students?

A) Viewing pornography.
B) Engaging in unprotected sex.
C) Binge drinking.
D) Studying by oneself in a locked library study room.
E) Taking illegal drugs.

Question 12

Jails and prisons are unique domains of victimization opportunity because they _____________.

A) Have an interesting dynamic related to the permanent presence of onsite guardians.
B) Contain a smaller population than schools or colleges.
C) Have many potentially motivated offenders.
D) Have many potential victims.
E) All of the above are unique characteristics of this domain.

Question 13

According to the National Inmate Survey (NIS), inmates with which of the following characteristics are at higher risk for sexual victimization?

A) Whites or those of two or more races.
B) Juveniles.
C) Those without college degrees.
D) Individuals who are underweight.
E) A and B
F) C and D

Question 14

Workplace aggression is defined as _____________.

A) Behavior intended to physically or psychologically harm a worker or workers in a work-related context.
B) Actions that impair a worker's ability to do his/her job successfully.
C) When you have taken the day off from your job to attend a sports game and your team loses in extra innings.
D) Activities that jeopardize workers' safety by placing them in close proximity to toxic chemicals and unsafe machinery.

Question 15

Which of the following is not an example of workplace bullying?

A) Criticisms of work quality.
B) Destabilization.
C) Isolation.
D) Customers' compliments.
E) None of the above.

Question 16

Precursors to victimization in the workplace include _____________.

A) Lack of workplace leadership.
B) Weak or no policies outlining unacceptable behaviors.
C) The organization's culture.
D) Group dynamics in which bullying perpetuates more bullying.
E) All of the above are precursors of victimization in the workplace.

Question 17

Sexual harassment is defined as _____________.

A) Aggressive behavior toward managers.
B) Nonconsensual sex between strangers.
C) Any harassment of a sexual nature.
D) Nominating a co-worker for a performance award.
E) None of the above.

Question 18

Workplace violence includes the following four categories.

A) Fear-based violence; aggressive rumor spreading; vandalism of the workplace; executive-on-executive violence.
B) Violence based on criminal intent; customer/client violence; worker-on-worker violence; personal relationship violence.
C) Sexual harassment; verbal aggression; physical bullying; lifestyle-based violence.
D) Firearms violence; strong-arm tactics; knife violence; vehicular violence.

Question 19

Being at one's place of employment necessarily increases one's victimization risk, whereas the duties and tasks performed at work do not affect one's risk of victimization.

Question 20

All online victimizations are either __________ or _________.

A) Credit card based; social security card based.
B) On social networking sites; on home network shopping sites.
C) Known to the victim; unknown to the offender.
D) Person based; property based.
E) None of the above.

Question 21

Does a valid and reliable estimate of the extent of any type of cybercrime victimization against individuals and/or businesses/organizations exist? Explain why or why not. Provide examples to highlight your point.

Question 22

State and describe at least three differences between bullying victimization and cyberbullying victimization.

Question 23

Explain how opportunities for victimization differ across domains of activity. Use specific examples to support your answer and explain how the triad of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and guardianship changes by domain.