Deck 7: Property and White-Collar Victimization

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of property victimization?

A) It does not involve actual or threatened force to the victims.
B) It does not result in physical injury to the victim.
C) It occurs when possession are taken, damaged, or destroyed.
D) All of the above statements are true about property victimization.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

White-collar crimes most often involve the offender acting on _____________.

A) Legitimate access.
B) Insider tips.
C) Friendly advice.
D) Incorrect data.
E) A and C
F) C and D

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The National Crime Victimization Survey defines larceny as a(n) _____________ victimization and theft as a(n) ___________ victimization.

A) Individual-level; aggregate-level.
B) White-collar; robbery.
C) Personal; property.
D) Minor; severe.
E) None of the above.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to the NCVS, the highest rates of theft and larceny victimization are for _____________.

A) Females.
B) Nonwhites.
C) Lower household incomes.
D) All of the above are characteristics associated with the highest rates of larceny and theft victimization.

Question 5

Identity theft is defined as _____________.

A) The use of another individual's personal information in a legal context and with the individual's consent.
B) Criminal behaviors that involve the fraudulent use of another's personal information without consent and for criminal purposes.
C) Unlawful acts involving the stealing of another person's physical likeness and the slandering of his or her personal character.
D) Replacing one individual's personal information with that of another without either party's consent and for criminal gain.

Question 6

Identity theft is distinguishable from other forms of identity fraud in these two ways: (1) __________ and (2) __________.

A) The identity is being misused without the permission of its owner; the identity belongs to an actual person.
B) Identity fraud usually involves crimes through the mail; identity theft usually involves crimes through the Internet.
C) Rates of identity theft are rising; rates of identity fraud remain stable.
D) The identity belongs to an individual over the age of 18; the offender is easily apprehended.
E) None of the above.

Question 7

Individuals with the lowest rates of identity theft victimization are those headed by households age 65 or older, those of two or more races, and married people.

Question 8

According to the FBI, the definition of motor vehicle theft excludes _____________.

A) Snowmobiles.
B) Farm equipment.
C) Jet skis.
D) Buses.
E) A and D
F) B and C

Question 9

According to the NCVS, households with the highest rates of motor vehicle theft victimization are those _____________.

A) Located in urban areas.
B) With six or more residents.
C) That are nonwhite.
D) Headed by someone younger than 34.
E) All of the above are characteristics of households with the highest rates of motor vehicle theft.

Question 10

_________ has the highest rate of motor vehicle thefts, whereas _________ has the lowest rate.

A) New York; New Hampshire.
B) Idaho; Wyoming.
C) California; Delaware.
D) Florida; Michigan.

Question 11

The FBI defines burglary as offenses that involve the _____________.

A) Direct contact stealing of another person's valuables by force or threat of force.
B) Unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft.
C) Predatory violation of another person's rights to own a home.
D) Stealing of another person's property after being invited inside the home.
E) None of the above.

Question 12

According to the Uniform Crime Report (UCR), most residences are burglarized during the day, whereas nonresidential burglaries take place more often at night.

Question 13

The NCVS reported that households with the highest rates of burglary are those that are _____________.

A) Headed by nonwhites.
B) Headed by older people.
C) Have children.
D) Have higher household incomes.
E) A and C
F) B and D

Question 14

Information on arson is fairly scant because ___________ and ____________.

A) Offenders are rarely apprehended; most victims do not share this information with victimization surveys.
B) The UCR does not collect information about arson; few people report arson victimization.
C) Most cases of arson are thought to be natural fires; most offenders do not have illegal intent.
D) Victimization surveys do not include questions about arson; the UCR collects limited information about arson.

Question 15

Arsonists' target selection patterns suggest that they most often select targets with a(n) _______ level of guardianship.

A) Reduced.
B) Increased.
C) Stable.
D) Inconclusive.
E) None of the above.

Question 16

Sutherland's definition of white-collar crime is an offense-based definition, whereas that of Edelhertz is offender based.

Question 17

Which of the following problem(s) do victimologists face in studying white-collar victimization?

A) Some victims of white-collar crime are also offenders.
B) Many victims do not know they have been victimized.
C) Victims are most likely embarrassed that they have been victimized.
D) Victims usually do not report the crime to law enforcement.
E) A and C
F) B and D
G) All of the above are problems with studying white-collar crime.

Question 18

Which of the following is not included in corporate violence?

A) Selling unsafe products.
B) Hazardous environmental practices.
C) Health-care fraud.
D) False advertising.
E) None of the above.

Question 19

Health-care providers have the opportunity to perpetuate fraud against insurance companies as long as their claims have the ____________.

A) Patient's social security number.
B) Appearance of legitimacy.
C) Approval of the patient.
D) Doctor's signature.
E) Provider's claim ID.

Question 20

Mortgage fraud committed for profit involves __________; mortgage fraud committed for housing involves _________.

A) Secretary of the Treasury; Federal Reserve chairwoman.
B) Upper management; bank tellers.
C) Professionals; borrowers.
D) Pyramid schemes; embezzlers.

Question 21

Select one type of white-collar crime and define it. Describe the risk factors for this specific type of white-collar crime. Explain how these risk factors provide the opportunity for victimization to occur.

Question 22

Select one type of online victimization and define it. Describe how and why different types of online activities (and perhaps even offline ones, too) increase one's chance of becoming a victim of this specific type of online crime.

Question 23

Provide two definitions of white-collar crime-one that is offender based and one that is offense based. Describe how the offenses considered white-collar crime differ depending on the definition used. Provide examples of offenses based on each definition.

Question 24

Compare and contrast Sutherland's and Edelhertz's definitions of white-collar crime. Which definition do you prefer and why?