Deck 3: Adolescent Diversity: Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity

Question 1

Zeina is a low-SES adolescent and feels she's at the mercy of the unpredictable events of life.Which of the following limitations does her feeling best illustrate?

A) Deprivation
B) Helplessness
C) Insecurity
D) Limited alternatives

Answer 1

C

Question 2

There are more poor _______ Americans than any other ethnic group.

A) African American
B) Caucasian
C) Native American
D) Hispanic

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are characteristics of the families of low-SES adolescents EXCEPT:

A) they contain fewer wage earners.
B) they are non-White.
C) they are poorly educated.
D) they are smaller than average.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements about Latinos is TRUE?

A) Latinos are currently the third largest ethnic minority group in the U.S.
B) Latinos have a Spanish-speaking heritage.
C) Latinos are brown-skinned and brown-haired.
D) all of the above

Question 5

When children of low-SES families are hospitalized for mental problems,all of the following are true of their subsequent care EXCEPT:

A) they are assigned to less skilled staff members.
B) they are less often accepted for psychotherapy.
C) they are less likely to receive adequate treatment.
D) they are treated with more intensive techniques.

Question 6

In the second half of the twentieth century,the Black image changed in the U.S.because of all the following EXCEPT:

A) Black efforts to give up their roots and assimilate to American culture.
B) desegregation.
C) the emergence of a significant Black middle-class.
D) the regulation of fair employment practices.

Question 7

According to the text,low SES refers to what two important aspects of living conditions?

A) Low income and low social standing
B) Low income and low level job
C) Low income and high crime rate
D) Low income and low mobility

Question 8

On average,the child-rearing practices of low-SES parents include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) they are concerned more with immediate behavior than future development.
B) they are concerned with obedience.
C) they are concerned with respect for adults.
D) they use consistent, harsh discipline, along with requests for good behavior.

Question 9

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a reason for the increase in homelessness in the U.S.?

A) There is less available low-cost housing.
B) Government aid for housing has declined.
C) Health-care costs keep families from having enough money for housing.
D) People are choosing to live on the streets rather than in dangerous homeless shelters.

Question 10

Research has shown that families who live in concentrated areas of poverty have children who do poorly in school.This effect was found to be strongest for:

A) African Americans .
B) Native Americans.
C) non-White Hispanic Americans.
D) Caucasian Americans.

Question 11

All of the following are important negative influences on the lives of low-SES adolescents EXCEPT:

A) deprivation.
B) helplessness.
C) insecurity.
D) too many alternatives.

Question 12

It is expected that by the year 2050 non-Hispanic Whites will make up approximately what percentage of the U.S.population?

A) 28
B) 34
C) 53
D) 67

Question 13

Low-SES individuals are particularly at the mercy of life's unpredictable events.Which of the following limitations does this illustrate?

A) Deprivation
B) Helplessness
C) Insecurity
D) Limited alternatives

Question 14

Resiliency refers to an individual's ability to

A) bounce back in spite of hardship.
B) be flexible in a variety of situations.
C) adapt easily to different cultures.
D) all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following ethnic minority groups in the U.S.is the largest?

A) African Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Puerto Rican Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 16

Most of the research on adolescents has been carried out with ________ samples.

A) Black, lower-class
B) Black, middle-class
C) White, middle-class
D) White, lower-class

Question 17

According to your authors,which of the following is the beginning of the cycle of poverty and cultural deprivation?

A) Limited ability to manipulate the environment
B) Low educational level
C) Low income
D) Low level of developed talent and ability

Question 18

Which of the following ethnic minority groups in the U.S.is the smallest?

A) African American
B) Hispanic American
C) Native American
D) Asian American

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic identified as promoting resiliency?

A) Assertiveness
B) Intelligence
C) Spirituality
D) Risk-taking

Question 20

Because poor adolescents do not gain status from their low-SES parents,all of the following are likely EXCEPT:

A) they develop low self-esteem.
B) they become less peer oriented.
C) they establish their status only in relation to their friends.
D) they may join juvenile gangs.

Question 21

What percentage of Black American adults have graduated high school?

A) 38
B) 53
C) 71
D) 85

Question 22

What is the second-largest minority group in the United States?

A) African American
B) Chinese American
C) Mexican American
D) Native American

Question 23

Approximately what percentage of Mexican American youth live in urban areas?

A) 80
B) 60
C) 40
D) 20

Question 24

Approximately what proportion of Hispanic American families speak Spanish at home?

A) 4/5
B) 3/4
C) 1/2
D) 1/3

Question 25

Approximately what percent of Americans are Latino?

A) 48
B) 31
C) 23
D) 14

Question 26

The largest percentage of Hispanic Americans are from what country of origin?

A) Puerto Rico
B) Mexico
C) Guatamala
D) Cuba

Question 27

Mexican Americans primarily live in the:

A) Northeast.
B) Midwest.
C) Northwest.
D) Southwest.

Question 28

African American adolescent girls are ________ times more likely to get pregnant compared to Caucasian girls.

A) 2 1/2
B) 3 1/2
C) 4 1/2
D) 5 1/2

Question 29

What proportion of births to African American females are to unwed mothers?

A) 1/3
B)1/2
C) 2/3
D) 3/4

Question 30

For years before the 1960s,African American parents taught their children "the Black role" which included all of the following EXCEPT:

A) be subservient and polite in the face of provocation.
B) control anger and conceal hostility.
C) walk with eyes straight ahead, unmoved by taunts and jeers.
D) when all else fails, fight to win.

Question 31

All of the following have been found to be strengths of African American families EXCEPT:

A) a favorable attitude toward the elderly.
B) clearly defined, stable family roles.
C) strong kinship bonds.
D) strong religious orientation.

Question 32

Which of the following statement is FALSE?

A) Unemployment rates for African American men are higher than for other men.
B) In every occupational category African Americans are paid less than Whites for the same work.
C) Unemployment rates for African American women are higher than for other women.
D) The percentage of African Americans moving into the middle class has declined in recent decades.

Question 33

According to the text,a main reason Latinos generally struggle in American schools is that:

A) education is not highly valued in Latino cultures.
B) parents encourage adolescents to work rather than focus on school.
C) English is not the primary language spoken in their homes.
D) all of the above.

Question 34

What percentage of African American adults have earned a college degree?

A) 15
B) 26
C) 38
D) 47

Question 35

Which group has the highest high school dropout rate?

A) Latinos
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) non-Hispanic Whites

Question 36

All of the following are generally true for Mexican American families EXCEPT:

A) they are larger than those of Whites.
B) their marriages are more stable than those of Whites or Blacks.
C) they are highly cohesive.
D) their marriages are more egalitarian than African American marriages.

Question 37

In which part of the U.S.do most African Americans live?

A) Northeast
B) West
C) Midwest
D) South

Question 38

African Americans are paid less than Whites for the same work.This may be due to:

A) unequal education.
B) segregation.
C) discrimination.
D) all of the above

Question 39

A district or neighborhood of Spanish-speaking people is called a

A) barrio.
B) machismo.
C) marianismo.
D) portador.

Question 40

The plurality (35%)of Mexican Americans are:

A) less than seven years old.
B) less than eighteen years old.
C) in their twenties.
D) in their thirties.

Question 41

Which U.S.state has the second largest number of Native Americans?

A) Arizona
B) Florida
C) Oklahoma
D) Texas

Question 42

Rita believes that she cannot change her destiny.She is exhibiting:

A) familialism.
B) marianism.
C) fatalism.
D) resiliency.

Question 43

Which is the best example of familialism?

A) Jennie's parents give her a lot of freedom to be with her peers.
B) Ricky highly values his parents' and grandparents' opinions.
C) Sammy trusts his family and therefore is also trusting of neighbors.
D) Mary has a strong work ethic and loves celebrations.

Question 44

The emphasis on honor and respectful conduct in the Mexican American family is exemplified by the expected adolescent response,"mande usted," to a parent's call.It means:

A) at your command.
B) your forgiveness.
C) my attention is yours.
D) you are the world to me.

Question 45

John has a devoted set of uncles,aunts,and cousins.He and his parents are also emotionally close.This illustrates:

A) familialism.
B) marianism.
C) resiliency.
D) fatalism.

Question 46

Puerto Rican ideal family relations emphasize:

A) compliance.
B) independence.
C) interdependence and unity.
D) youth and curiosity.

Question 47

Pablo is a Mexican American male adolescent and is constantly trying to assert how manly he is through his sexual exploits.He is demonstrating:

A) machismo.
B) familialism.
C) marianismo.
D) portador.

Question 48

Which of the following ethnic minority groups primarily lives in the Northeast U.S.?

A) Asian Americans
B) African Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) Puerto Rican Americans

Question 49

The concept of motherhood for Puerto Rican girls is called marianismo,which holds up ________ as a role model.

A) Marian Ricardo, a folk heroine,
B) their own mother
C) Ste. Marian del Sol
D) The Virgin Mary

Question 50

Which Latino group has the highest unemployment rate in the U.S.?

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Rican Americans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Guatamalan Americans

Question 51

The text lists important Puerto Rican cultural values.Which of the following is NOT one of these values?

A) A need for personal respect and dignity
B) A belief in male superiority
C) The belief that one's destiny or fate cannot be changed
D) A freedom from hierarchies

Question 52

Which ethnic minority group has the lowest standard of living?

A) African Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Mexican Americans
D) Puerto Rican Americans

Question 53

Which of the following do the authors give as a reason that many Native Americans do not take advantage of government health services?

A) They live too far from Indian Health Service facilities.
B) They have suspicion toward authorities.
C) There are cultural barriers present.
D) all of the above

Question 54

Which of the following is a Commonwealth of the United States?

A) Guatamala
B) Jamaica
C) Puerto Rico
D) Cuba

Question 55

The Puerto Rican term,marianismo,is based on the idea that:

A) God loves men and women the same.
B) life is based on the tobacco industry.
C) a woman finds her identity through motherhood.
D) sex roles are segregated.

Question 56

Which state is home to the largest number of Native American tribes?

A) Arizona
B) South Dakota
C) Oklahoma
D) Texas

Question 57

Sex education for Mexican American girls is:

A) almost non-existent.
B) carefully done by Catholic nuns.
C) shared by both the mother and the father.
D) taught by aunts or grandmothers.

Question 58

When Mexican American adolescents are compared to non-Hispanic White American adolescents,which of the following has been found?

A) Non-Hispanic White Americans are less competitive.
B) Mexican Americans are expected to defer gratification and be future-oriented.
C) Non-Hispanic White Americans are bigger risk-takers.
D) all of the above

Question 59

Which ethnic group in the U.S.has the highest divorce rate?

A) Puerto Rican Americans
B) Mexican Americans
C) African Americans
D) Chinese Americans

Question 60

Paul belongs to the Navaho tribe and lives on the largest reservation in the U.S.In which state does he live?

A) Arizona
B) New Mexico
C) Oklahoma
D) Texas

Question 61

Which ethnic group now outscores all others on college entrance math exams?

A) Native Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Latinos
D) Non-Hispanic White Americans

Question 62

Approximately what percent of today's Asian Americans who are 25 years or older have a bachelor's degree or higher?

A) 66
B) 53
C) 38
D) 19

Question 63

The Indian Education Act of 1972 resulted in:

A) the participation of Native Americans in the planning of educational projects.
B) free textbooks and school supplies for Native American students.
C) job skills training for Native American high school students.
D) all of the above

Question 64

According to the text,the acculturation rate of each adolescent refugee depends upon all of the following EXCEPT:

A) age at the time of immigration.
B) language usage at home.
C) religious affiliation.
D) years in the United States.

Question 65

What percentage of Americans can trace their ancestry to other countries?

A) 30
B) 50
C) 75
D) 99

Question 66

Matrilineal means:

A) mothers have the power in the family.
B) family descent is through the mother's line.
C) grandmothers pass on family traditions and stories.
D) mothers have financial control of the household.

Question 67

Approximately how many Asian American children live with both biological parents?

A) More than 80%
B) About 66%
C) Approximately 50%
D) Less than 45%

Question 68

Describe some of the disadvantages of living in a low-SES home.

Question 69

Who of the following would most likely be called a "refugee" rather than an "immigrant"?

A) Carlos, who came to the U.S. to escape political persecution.
B) Katarzina, who came to the U.S. to earn money to send back to her family.
C) Salma, who secretly crossed the U.S. border with friends and family.
D) Kim, who married a U.S. marine and came back to the United States with him.

Question 70

From which area of the world have the most recent refugees to the U.S.come?

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) Latin America

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a value typically taught to Native American children?

A) Dependence on others, especially family
B) Listening as the best way to learn
C) Respect for people who are elderly
D) Restraint in showing one's emotions

Question 72

A leading cause of death among 15- to 19-year-old Native Americans is:

A) intravenous drug use.
B) suicide.
C) poor judgment due to alcohol use.
D) homicide.

Question 73

The United States' record of educating Native Americans is one of:

A) broken promises.
B) inadequate resources.
C) using education to destroy a culture.
D) all of the above

Question 74

In which area of the United States do most Asian Americans live?

A) Midwest
B) West
C) South
D) East

Question 75

Which of the following is generally a value of Native American culture,but not of White American culture?

A) A future orientation
B) Competition
C) Harmony with nature
D) Individualism

Question 76

In comparison with other ethnic minority groups,Chinese Americans have:

A) a higher fertility rate.
B) more conservative attitudes toward the role of women.
C) more liberal sexual values.
D) lower use of contraceptives and more out-of-wedlock births.

Question 77

Which ethnic group in the U.S.has a higher average family income than all other ethnic groups?

A) Asian Americans
B) Latinos
C) non-Hispanic Caucasians
D) African Americans

Question 78

Which ethnic minority group has been termed the "model minority"?

A) African Americans
B) Latinos
C) Native Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 79

Up until 1943 which individuals did U.S.immigration laws forbid from immigrating to the United States?

A) African farmers
B) Puerto Rican families
C) Latino men
D) Chinese women

Question 80

Unlike the majority of Asian Americans,Filipino American adolescents are

A) not family-oriented.
B) competitive.
C) Catholic.
D) all of the above