Deck 4: Social Settings

Question 1

Match the following definition with their terms.
-An area of extreme poverty, with deteriorated and abandoned structures

A) Metropolis
B) Suburb
C) Edge city
D) Slum
E) Ghetto or barrio
F) Megalopolis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Match the following definition with their terms.
-A business center some distance from the downtown but close to the intersection of major highways

A) Metropolis
B) Suburb
C) Edge city
D) Slum
E) Ghetto or barrio
F) Megalopolis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Match the following definition with their terms.
-One or more cities and their surrounding suburbs whose boundaries have converged

A) Metropolis
B) Suburb
C) Edge city
D) Slum
E) Ghetto or barrio
F) Megalopolis

Answer 3

F

Question 4

Match the following definition with their terms.
-A residential urban area beyond the political boundaries of a city

A) Metropolis
B) Suburb
C) Edge city
D) Slum
E) Ghetto or barrio
F) Megalopolis

Question 5

Match the following definition with their terms.
-Neighborhoods with distinct racial or ethnic cultures that often are poor

A) Metropolis
B) Suburb
C) Edge city
D) Slum
E) Ghetto or barrio
F) Megalopolis

Question 6

Match the following definition with their terms.
-a city of 50,000 or more people

A) Metropolis
B) Suburb
C) Edge city
D) Slum
E) Ghetto or barrio
F) Megalopolis

Question 7

Match the following characteristics with the organizational model (and theorist) with which it is associated:
-The focus is on efficiency

A) Scientific management (Taylor)
B) Human relations (Mayo)
C) Theory X (McGregor)
D) Motivation (Herzberg)

Question 8

Match the following characteristics with the organizational model (and theorist) with which it is associated:
-Assumes workers prefer to be challenged

A) Scientific management (Taylor)
B) Human relations (Mayo)
C) Theory X (McGregor)
D) Motivation (Herzberg)

Question 9

Match the following characteristics with the organizational model (and theorist) with which it is associated:
-Notes the importance of group norms and seeking employee input

A) Scientific management (Taylor)
B) Human relations (Mayo)
C) Theory X (McGregor)
D) Motivation (Herzberg)

Question 10

Match the following characteristics with the organizational model (and theorist) with which it is associated:
-Assumes need for coercive control of workers.

A) Scientific management (Taylor)
B) Human relations (Mayo)
C) Theory X (McGregor)
D) Motivation (Herzberg)

Question 11

Match the following employment experiences with the terms that describe them
-The barrier that keeps some people from making lateral career moves within an organization to positions from which executives are promoted.

A) Glass ceiling
B) Glass escalator
C) Glass walls
D) Sticky floor

Question 12

Match the following employment experiences with the terms that describe them
-A mostly invisible barrier that keeps woman and minorities from being promoted to the highest levels of an organization.

A) Glass ceiling
B) Glass escalator
C) Glass walls
D) Sticky floor

Question 13

Match the following employment experiences with the terms that describe them
-This term is used to label the factors that result in a concentration of people of color in entry-level positions.

A) Glass ceiling
B) Glass escalator
C) Glass walls
D) Sticky floor

Question 14

Match the following employment experiences with the terms that describe them
-The process whereby men who are employed in traditionally female occupations are promoted quickly to high level positions.

A) Glass ceiling
B) Glass escalator
C) Glass walls
D) Sticky floor

Question 15

Match the following concepts about institutions with the perspective to which they belong:
-Labels such as patient or criminal may result in institutional residents internalizing the attributes of those roles.

A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Rational/social exchange
D) Constructionist

Question 16

Match the following concepts about institutions with the perspective to which they belong:
-Institutions bring employment opportunities and economic growth.

A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Rational/social exchange
D) Constructionist

Question 17

Match the following concepts about institutions with the perspective to which they belong:
-"Deterrence theory" says that people will try to avoid going to prison.

A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Rational/social exchange
D) Constructionist

Question 18

Match the following concepts about institutions with the perspective to which they belong:
-Institutions are an instrument of social control, used to warehouse the surplus labor population that fails to contribute to capital accumulation.

A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Rational/social exchange
D) Constructionist

Question 19

The suburbs represent a concept of community that includes an emphasis on privacy.

Question 20

Car owners pay their share of the costs of maintaining streets and emergency services through gas taxes.

Question 21

U.S. suburbs were, and continue to be, built for the convenience of automobiles.

Question 22

Developers anticipate a profitable market in the development of low-income housing.

Question 23

Suburbs are routinely zoned for multi-family dwellings and other forms of affordable housing.

Question 24

The mismatch theory suggests that some modern ills, such as high levels of anxiety, are caused by the integration of people of different races in the same neighborhoods.

Question 25

The term social density refers to the lack of space between housing units in urban environments.

Question 26

The contemporary economic base of many rural counties is dependent on military bases, prisons, and state universities.

Question 27

The gaming business (e.g., casinos) has made most Native American communities wealthy.

Question 28

The most racially segregated cities in America are found in the North.

Question 29

The glass ceiling that is present within organizations is labeled such because it is easily shattered by employees from non-dominant groups.

Question 30

The term "McDonaldization" describes the oppression of people who work for hourly wages.

Question 31

The systems perspective sees the formal organization composed of interrelated subsystems and in constant interaction with their environments.

Question 32

In organizations with weak cultures, employees are freer to disregard norms and values.

Question 33

Theory X describes the working situation in which leaders maintain close control.

Question 34

From an ecosystems perspective, human service agencies that receive income from a variety of sources are in a better position to survive than those that depend on a single source.

Question 35

The Iron Law of Oligarchy refers to organizations that serve a select few leaders rather than meeting the needs of all organizational members and customers/clients.

Question 36

The term "sticky floor" refers to hidden hazardous chemicals that are present in many workplaces.

Question 37

The term "glass escalator" describes how motivated people work together to raise their level of productivity.

Question 38

Due to stronger regulations and increased government monitoring, the number of hazardous waste spills, explosions, and other major industrial accidents in this country has declined significantly in recent years.

Question 39

The best nursing homes are those where staff go out of their way to help patients with tasks of daily living whether they need help or not.

Question 40

In the United States, dramatic suburban growth was, and is, largely a result of federal government assistance in the form of all of the following EXCEPT

A) interstate highway construction and maintenance.
B) support for efficient mass transit systems.
C) low-interest government-insured home mortgages.
D) artificially low taxes on gasoline.
E) income tax breaks for property owners.

Question 41

U.S. suburbs were and continue to be built primarily to meet the needs of

A) white, middle-class people.
B) upwardly mobile people of all racial and ethnic groups.
C) shopping malls and business parks.
D) automobiles.

Question 42

Reasons for the social fragmentation of the suburbs include

A) privatization of retail and recreation space.
B) homogeneity of neighborhoods.
C) too much time devoted to commuting and too little time available for civic engagement.
D) all of the above.

Question 43

In addition to suburban sprawl, other reasons for the decline of central cities include

A) the loss of blue-collar jobs due to deindustrialization and the suburbanization of employment.
B) service businesses moving to where land is cheaper.
C) the political fragmentation of large metropolitan areas.
D) All of the above are reasons for the decline of central cities.

Question 44

Natural resources that can be found on many Native American reservation lands include all of the following EXCEPT

A) rich soil for raising crops.
B) coal, oil, natural gas, or uranium.
C) timber or grasslands.
D) water.

Question 45

This is the term used to describe communities that have close, trusting interactions of long duration and commitment.

A) gentrification
B) gemeinschaft
C) gesellschaft
D) bedroom community

Question 46

The term goal __________ means pursuing goals that are contrary to the goals the organization originally and officially proclaimed; it is usually not a good thing.

A) conflict
B) succession
C) displacement
D) revision

Question 47

Many nonprofit organizations have chosen to pursue for-profit activities, blurring the distinction between them and for-profits. This has led to concerns about

A) how voluntary agencies will generate profits.
B) what will be left for government agencies to do.
C) whether not-for profits should be taxed.
D) who will serve the most difficult and needy clients.

Question 48

Affirmative action requires that employers

A) hire and promote unqualified minorities.
B) meet quotas for hiring minorities and women.
C) ignore race and gender in making employment decisions.
D) select members of underrepresented groups in preference over those from
Overrepresented groups, among candidates who are qualified on other criteria.

Question 49

Which of the following statements about issues and trends in institutional care is NOT true?

A) Many institutions were originally established in the countryside to provide a healthy environment.
B) The process of de-institutionalization has succeeded in preventing repeated readmissions of people with chronic mental illnesses.
C) There are more seriously mentally ill inmates in the jails and prisons than in state mental hospitals.
D) ) Institutionalization is a syndrome characterized by apathy, withdrawal, submissiveness, and a reluctance to leave the institutional setting.

Question 50

Occupations that are particularly susceptible to workplace hazards include which of the following? (Circle all the apply)

A) meatpacking
B) law enforcement
C) mining
D) auto repair
E) truck or bus driver
F) pest control
G) petroleum, chemical and paint industries
H) teaching
I) politician
J) beauty shops and nail salons
K) dry cleaners
L) pet grooming
M) weather forecasting

Question 51

________ community is characterized as geographical area, social interaction and common ties.

Question 52

________ community is not tied to location but to people with similar backgrounds or lifestyles and experiences.

Question 53

Unplanned growth away from city centers is called ________.

Question 54

The prominent feature of most ________ is private residences.

Question 55

________ implies an area of extreme poverty, with deteriorated and abandoned struc?tures.

Question 56

A ________ is a chiefly Spanish-speaking community or neighborhood.

Question 57

A ________ is an impoverished urban area with a distinctive racial or ethnic culture.

Question 58

A current understanding of the ________ suggests that addressing signs of blight, like abandoned buildings and vacant lots, is effective in reducing crime.

Question 59

________ recommends the development of "connected, compact, complete neighborhoods."

Question 60

A ________ neighborhood has an assortment of shops, offices, apartments, and homes within neighborhoods and within buildings.

Question 61

________ are by-laws written into neighborhood regulations forbidding the sale of a house to a nonwhite person.

Question 62

________is a form of shelter where the property is owned by a government entity, either federal or local, and where rent may be subsidized.

Question 63

________ occurs when real estate agents take people of color to see houses in some neighborhoods and direct white people to others.

Question 64

The acronym NIMBY stands for ___________ resistance to a proposal to allow half-way houses or group homes in the neighborhood.

Question 65

________ is a pattern of movement of people out of cities and suburbs to live in rural areas.

Question 66

________ are neighborhoods or building complexes where a large proportion of the residents are older adults who have aged in place.

Question 67

________ occurs where poorer neighborhoods have significantly less tree density compared to wealthier neighborhoods.

Question 68

________ suggests that high rates of depression and anxiety are the result of modern urban human habitats.

Question 69

________, which means decline or breakdown, occurs whenever a system uses up more energy than it takes in.

Question 70

In communities, ________ directs us to look at the process of neighborhood change when one population replaces another.

Question 71

________ is the renovation or replacement of older homes in desirable areas with upscale residences, a process that often results in the removal of poor and elderly residents for whom affordable replacement housing is scarce.

Question 72

________ is found in communities where residents share traditions, know each other well, and are eager to offer mutual support.

Question 73

________ describes communities where relationships are impersonal and contractual.

Question 74

________ is the term used to describe the consistent pattern whereby environmental hazards are located near poor people of color.
(Environmental racism)

Question 75

When desegregation laws made it harder to avoid contact with African Americans, whites moved from center cities to outlying areas. This pattern is called ________.

Question 76

The term ________ came to refer to the practice of identifying minority neighborhoods to be excluded from consideration for granting mortgage funding.

Question 77

________ is a set of resources that exist in relationships of trust and cooperation among community members.

Question 78

________ measures the degree to which an environment contains a diversity of roles for children to learn from and for parents to draw upon.

Question 79

________ are goals the organization acknowledges in its charter, mission statement, annual reports and other public documents.

Question 80

________ reflect what the organization actually does from day to day, regardless of what the official goals are.