Deck 7: Eukaryotic Organisms

Question 1

Which description(s) is(are) true of algae?

A) They are all singled celled organisms.
B) They are found in only saltwater habitats.
C) The oxygen gas produced and exported by these photosynthetic microbes makes life possible for all organisms using aerobic respiration.
D) Numerous pathogens are classified as algae.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Algae are an extremely diverse group because: ________.

A) they include the cyanobacteria
B) they typically measure over 10 meters in length
C) they inhabit a wide variety of habitats including saltwater, freshwater, and polar ice caps
D) their cell membranes contain a variety chemical components

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Identify the INCORRECTLY associated algal group and distinguishing feature.

A) Brown algae: Smallest form of single celled alga
B) Diatoms: Cell walls may be used in filtration materials
C) Green algae: Land plant ancestors
D) Red algae: Source of agar

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Identify the algal group that contains chlorophylls a and b and possesses a pigment cluster ________.

A) diatoms
B) brown algae
C) red algae
D) euglenoids

Question 5

When considering the pathogenic algae that cause either intoxications or infections, which of the following is an incorrect match?

A) Human protothecosis/brown algae
B) Fish food poisoning/ciguatoxin
C) Amnesic shellfish poisoning/domoic acid
D) Paralytic shellfish poisoning/red tides

Question 6

Which of the following is an algal infection?

A) Fish food poisoning
B) Amnesic shellfish poisoning
C) Protothecosis
D) Paralytic shellfish poisoning

Question 7

Which of the following is an algal intoxication?

A) Ciguatera
B) Amnesic shellfish poisoning
C) Protothecosis
D) Paralytic shellfish poisoning

Question 8

What features of sabouraud dextrose agar make it the medium of choice when trying to culture an algal or fungal pathogen in the microbiology lab?

A) A pH of 7.2 that will inhibit the growth of bacteria
B) Contains only dextrose and peptones as nutrients to slow bacterial growth
C) Often includes an antibiotic to discourage growth of gram-negative bacteria.
D) Contains various dyes that inhibit bacterial growth

Question 9

Which of the following statements about protozoans is true?

A) They are unicellular eukaryotes that demonstrate animal-like characteristics in both food consumption and motility.
B) They only enter into parasitic relationships with a host.
C) They have cellular features like flagella, cilia and pseudopodia that help attain food and aid movement.
D) They may have complex life cycles alternating between cyst and trophozoite stages.

Question 10

Which statement about protozoan reproduction is correct?

A) It often involves an alternating trophozoite and cyst stage
B) It relies upon dispersal of spores
C) It is completed in a single host species
D) It is dependent upon a nonmetabolizing trophozoite stage

Question 11

How are protozoans classified or grouped?

A) Based upon reproduction cycles
B) Presence of a trophozoite versus cyst stage
C) Based upon locomotion or movement
D) Based upon relationships with other organisms as in parasitism or mutualism

Question 12

Select the correctly associated protozoan category and description. (Select all correct choices)

A) Apicomplexans: human pathogens, no independent movement
B) Amoebas: use short, hair-like structures to move nutrients
C) Ciliates: produce pseudopodia
D) Flagellates: move with whip-like structures

Question 13

The trophozoite stage of certain protozoans specializes in which activity?

A) Reproduction
B) Nutrient acquisition
C) Species dispersal
D) Species survival

Question 14

What characteristics best describe the group of flagellates called kinetoplastids?

A) Presence of 2 nuclei, no aerobic respiration
B) Non-motile, produce merozoites
C) Enhance Golgi apparatus function, produce H₂ gas
D) Presence of one mitochondrion and a flagellum surrounded by a flap of plasma membrane

Question 15

What characteristics best describe the group of flagellates called Parabasalids?

A) Presence of 2 nuclei, no aerobic respiration
B) Non-motile, produce merozoites
C) Enhanced Golgi apparatus function, produce H₂ gas
D) Presence of one mitochondrion and kinetoplast

Question 16

What characteristics best describe the group of flagellates called Diplomonads?

A) Presence of 2 nuclei, no aerobic respiration
B) Non-motile, produce merozoites
C) Enhance Golgi apparatus function, produce H₂ gas
D) Presence of one mitochondrion and flagella surrounded by a flap of plasma membrane

Question 17

Which combination of protozoan species and resulting infection is correct?

A) Trypanosoma cruzi/African sleeping sickness
B) Plasmodium spp./Malaria
C) Trichomonas vaginalis/protozoal vaginitis
D) Naegleria fowleri/ primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

Question 18

Which statement best describes a common characteristic of fungi?

A) They contain chlorophylls a and c
B) They function as saprobes in the environment thus contributing to nutrient cycling.
C) Most species are facultative anaerobes.
D) They prefer to grow under conditions of low moisture, high pH, and low temperature.

Question 19

Which characteristics are special features of fungi?

A) A cell wall composed of chitin.
B) A plasma membrane that contains ergosterol, a steroid type of lipid
C) The ability to survive in terrestrial and aquatic habitats
D) The ability to be pathogenic in both animals and plants

Question 20

What is the best description of aseptate hyphae?

A) Cellular fungal filaments with cross walls
B) Unicellular, budding fungal bodies
C) Cellular fungal filaments without cross walls.
D) Macroscopic fungal masses

Question 21

Select the INCORRECTLY associated fungal phyla and descriptions. (Select all incorrectly associated choices)

A) Glomeromycota: form arbuscular mycorrhiza
B) Ascomycota: conjugating fungi; produce a zygote
C) Basidiomycota: yeasts with asexual budding
D) Zygomycota: puffballs and mushrooms

Question 22

Which of these fungal groups is found in aquatic environments and is an important pathogen of amphibians?

A) Glomeromycota
B) Chytridiomycota
C) Zygomycota
D) Basidiomycota

Question 23

Which of these fungal groups produces spores on a club-like structure?

A) Glomeromycota
B) Chytridiomycota
C) Zygomycota
D) Basidiomycota

Question 24

Which of these fungal groups produces flagellated zoospores?

A) Glomeromycota
B) Chytridiomycota
C) Zygomycota
D) Basidiomycota

Question 25

In the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems, the breakdown of rock into soil is an important step that often depends on the appearance of lichens. Which of these statements about lichens is correct?

A) They represent a fungal/protozoal symbiosis
B) They are composed of mutually beneficial fungi and red algae
C) The fungi protect algae from desiccation while the algae provide nutrients
D) Acids from the algae break down the rock into soil

Question 26

Which label best describes lichen that appears flat, scaly, and may have a variety of colors?

A) Fruticose
B) Foliose
C) Bellicose
D) Crustose

Question 27

An HIV positive individual has oral thrush. In this case, thrush is best described as: ________.

A) a systemic mycosis
B) a cutaneous mycosis
C) a superficial mycosis
D) an opportunistic mycosis

Question 28

Fungal infections targeting the keratinized layers of the skin are described as: ________.

A) cutaneous
B) subcutaneous
C) systemic
D) opportunistic

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding fungal infections is/are true?

A) The respiratory system is at great risk because of inhalation of airborne fungal spores.
B) The skin is at least risk because it cannot be breached easily.
C) Fungal infections can be eliminated with antibiotics.
D) Human fungal infections are difficult to treat because the pathogen and host have the same cell type.

Question 30

Select the correctly associated human body systems and infections. (Select all correctly associated choices)

A) Respiratory system: Cryptococcosis
B) Skin, hair, nails: Tineas
C) Nervous system: Coccidiomycosis
D) Gastrointestinal system: Amatoxin poisoning

Question 31

Which condition(s) likely makes a patient susceptible to C. auris infection?

A) Advanced age
B) Use of a ventilator
C) Being hospitalized or in a long term care facility
D) Poor hand hygiene practices by caregivers

Question 32

The ingestion of ________ produced by Aspergillus species may cause liver damage and death in humans.

A) ergot
B) aflatoxin
C) amatoxin
D) aspertoxin

Question 33

The major characteristics of helminths include which of the following?

A) Bilateral symmetry on an elongated body over 1 mm in length
B) They are vertebrates
C) Their existence is limited to specific habitats
D) They have simple as well as specialized organ systems

Question 34

Characteristics of the Platyhelminthes include which of the following?

A) They are human endoparasites that may be subdivided into the tapeworms and flukes
B) They require no circulatory system because diffusion carries nutrients and oxygen across thin flat body
C) Their tissues have receptors for attachment to host tissues
D) Their body plan includes segments

Question 35

The cestodes or tapeworms have a complex life cycle in which ________ are released and pass out of human host in feces. Intermediate hosts like farm animals become infected via contaminated food and/or water. Humans become hosts again by consuming ________.

A) proglottids; larvae in undercooked meat
B) fertilized eggs; mature worms in undercooked meat
C) larvae; mature worms in undercooked meat
D) proglottids; mature worms in undercooked meat

Question 36

Which group of helminths has an unsegmented, round body plan, and are excellent decomposers?

A) Trematodes
B) Cestodes
C) Annelids
D) Nematodes

Question 37

Which group of helminths has an anterior scolex and proglottids?

A) Trematodes
B) Cestodes
C) Annelids
D) Nematodes

Question 38

Which group of helminths has a segmented body plan and well-developed organ systems?

A) Trematodes
B) Cestodes
C) Annelids
D) Nematodes

Question 39

The liver fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, has a complex life cycle involving passage through human organ systems. Select the correct order of tissue involvement.
1) Skin
2) intestinal tract
3) circulatory system
4) lungs

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 4, 2, 3
C) 1, 4, 3, 2
D) 1, 2, 4,3

Question 40

In medicine, leeches are sometimes used as therapy for which application?

A) Leech secretion of oxcytocin increases oxygenated blood flow to wound or surgical site
B) Leech secretion of hirudin increases oxygenated blood flow to wound or surgical site
C) Leech secretion of oxcytocin decreases blood flow to wound thus reducing swelling and pain
D) Leech secretion of hirudin decreases blood flow to wound thus reducing swelling and pain

Question 41

Select the correctly associated helminths and infections caused by them. (Select all correctly associated choices)

A) Enterobius vermicularis: pinworm infection
B) Taenia spp.: tapeworm infection
C) Onchocerca volvulus: hookworm infection
D) Wuchereria bancrofti: elephantiasis

Question 42

Which of the key features of members of the Phylum Arthropoda listed below is correct?

A) Evolutionarily insignificant group of animals
B) Have an endoskeleton made of chitin and protein
C) Have been in existence for 100 million years
D) Have a body plan that includes jointed appendages for multiple daily tasks

Question 43

Distinguishing characteristics of the Cheliceriformes include which of the following?

A) Fangs or pincers
B) Antennae
C) 3 pairs of jointed appendages
D) Two principal body segments

Question 44

Pathogenic arthropods include which of the following groups?

A) Ticks
B) Mites
C) Body and pubic lice
D) Fleas

Question 45

Insects belonging to the subgroup Hexapoda serve as: ________.

A) vectors
B) endoparasites
C) ectoparasites
D) pathogens

Question 46

Mosquitos serve as the vector for which disease?

A) Leishmaniasis
B) Lyme Disease
C) Chagas disease
D) Yellow fever

Question 47

Which of the following is of special concern for pregnant women living in tropical areas of the Western Hemisphere?

A) Dengue fever
B) Zika virus disease
C) Eastern Equine Encephalitis
D) West Nile fever

Question 48

Select the correctly associated arthropods and infections caused by them. (Select all correctly associated choices)

A) Flea: Chagas Disease
B) Mosquito: Filariasis
C) Tick: Lyme disease
D) Kissing bug: African sleeping sickness

Question 49

What is mechanical vector transmission?

A) Physical transmission of a pathogen from a source to another object
B) Biological transmission of a pathogen form one host to another through a bite
C) Contact transmission of a pathogen by touching the vector
D) Indirect transmission of a pathogen by touching the object contaminated by the vector

Question 50

Which of the following infections is currently associated with bee stings or spider bites?

A) Arthropod-vectored Zika
B) Arthropod-vectored MRSA
C) Arthropod-vectored Rhizopus
D) Arthropod-vectored Plasmodium