Deck 3: Social and Motor Development

Question 1

Which of the following is the most important means of socialization?

A) Trial and error
B) Inference
C) Social interaction
D) Observation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What can be said about socialization?

A) It is a one way process of being molded and shaped by our environment
B) It can include any means by which a person gathers information from our society
C) It is generally most important during adolescence
D) It is rarely achieved by inference or trial and error

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What do movement choices affect?

A) Our ability to fit in socially
B) Our self-identity and social mobility
C) Our attitudes concerning masculinity and femininity
D) Our ability to fit in socially; self-identity and social mobility; and attitudes concerning masculinity and femininity

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the formal name for a set of expectations about human behavior?

A) Self-concept
B) Norm
C) Self-worth
D) Role identity

Question 5

Which of the following is true of Gruber's meta-anlysis on physical activity and self esteem?

A) Too few studies were found to make any substantive conclusions.
B) Typically developing children's self esteem benefitted from physical activity, though that was not the case with those who were developing atypically.
C) The greatest self esteem gains were seen in those children who needed it the most.
D) Physical activity had very little impact on self esteem.

Question 6

According to Harter (1988), why do children's self-worth change during midchildhood?

A) Parents become more strict.
B) Teachers provide more learning activities that improve children's self-worth.
C) Children play more independently.
D) Cognitive capabilities increase.

Question 7

Which of the following are elements of self-worth?

A) Scholastic and athletic competence
B) Parent relationships
C) Romantic appeal
D) All of the selections are elements of self-worth

Question 8

According to Harter's scale of self-worth development, what can college-age individuals differentiate and articulate?

A) Very few elements of self-worth
B) Twelve elements of self-worth
C) All elements of self-worth
D) More than fifty elements of self-worth, but not all of them

Question 9

Physical appearance and social acceptance are important for developing self-worth during which age range?

A) mid- to late childhood
B) young adulthood
C) adulthood
D) all of the above

Question 10

What is the first year of life considered to be?

A) An egocentric or asocial period
B) A period of extensive social interaction
C) A period in which increased social sophistication decreases motor activity
D) A period in which family relationships have little effect on motor development

Question 11

What is the primary socializing agency during early childhood?

A) School
B) Family
C) Television
D) Friends

Question 12

What happens during early adolescence?

A) Dependence on family is reduced, and peer dependence is increased
B) Dependence on peers is reduced, and family dependence is increased
C) Dependence on television and other media is increased, and dependence on peers is reduced
D) Dependence on peers and family is less than in late childhood

Question 13

When children are between 24 and 30 months old, what is their most common type of play?

A) With another child, side by side
B) Very social
C) Solitary
D) With their brothers and sisters

Question 14

Parallel play is a more mature level of play than which of the following?

A) Cooperative play
B) Associative play
C) Social play
D) Solitary play

Question 15

Which of the following is true about peer groups?

A) They are group situations in which members are treated as equals.
B) They are highly modifiable as the group's interests and needs change.
C) They are strongly influential in the development of movement skills of adolescents but not of young children.
D) All of the selections are correct.

Question 16

When children are involved in associative play, they do which of the following?

A) Engage in purposeful, group-oriented play activities involving games
B) Usually play independently, engrossed in their own activity
C) Exhibit an awareness of each other and begin to exchange toys, but without a group goal
D) Select larger group activities to develop leadership skills, to compete, and to form a sense of social recognition

Question 17

Research on child's play has determined which of the following?

A) It is instrumental to developmental success in later life
B) It enables greater adaptabilty
C) It is essential to cognitive development in childhood
D) All of the above

Question 18

Title IX has done which of the following?

A) Helped to significantly increase the number of opportunities for girls in sports
B) Had only a small effect on the number of opportunities for girls in sports
C) Has not increased the number of opportunities for girls in sports, but it has helped to improve the quality of the opportunities
D) Led to a decrease in both opportunites and quality of the opportunities for girls in sports

Question 19

What are the major social factors affecting motor developme in early adulthood?

A) Weight gain, death of a parent, leaving school
B) Cohabitation (e.g., marriage), having children, leaving school/going to work
C) Going to work, weight gain, reduced interest in physical activity
D) Decling interest in physical activities, injury, weight gain

Question 20

Research on people from 122 countries showed which of the following?

A) Seventy-five percent of adolescents and nearly all adults failed to achieve recommended amounts of physical activity
B) Fewer than half of all people surveyed did not achieve recommended amounts of physical activity
C) Nearly a third of adolescents and nearly 80 percent of adults did not achieve the recommended amounts of physical activity
D) Adolescents and adults were found to surprisingly physically active

Question 21

In research conducted by Heinz and associates, which of the following is true about parents?

A) They had more influence over the types of sports activities their daughters engaged in.
B) They placed greater value on their son' sports participation, but they spent more money on their daughters' activities.
C) They stressed sports participation equally for their sons and daughters.
D) They were found to place greater value on the sport participation of their sons.

Question 22

Compared to younger adults, what do older adults generally tend to experience?

A) Fewer social activities
B) More social activities
C) No significant change in the quantity of social activities
D) A conclusion regarding quantity of social activities is difficult to achieve, because it depends on the individual

Question 23

According to Piaget, pretence play-characterized by more social interaction and fantasy play-is most common among children in which age group?

A) 2-4 years of age
B) 4-7 years of age
C) 7-9 years of age
D) Older than 9 years of age

Question 24

According to various researchers discussed in the textbook, retirement is often associated with what kind of outcomes?

A) Negative psychological outcomes, especially for those retiring before the age of 60 years
B) Positive psychological outcomes, especially for those retiring before the age of 60 years
C) Unchanging psychological outcomes compared to the pre-retirement state
D) Negative psycholgical outcomes, but only for those who continue to work past 75 years of age

Question 25

Research by Huxhold and colleagues discovered which of the following in regards to social activity among older adults?

A) It increased life satisfaction, especially when done with family versus friends.
B) It increased life satisfaction, especially when done with friends versus family.
C) It decreased life satisfaction.
D) It had surprisingly little effect on life satisfaction.

Question 26

As a result of sarcopenia, by 80 years of age many people will have experienced which of the following?

A) 25 percent loss of cardiovascular endurance
B) 80 percent loss of cardiovascular endurance
C) 50 percent decline in muscle mass
D) 75 percent decrease in muscle mass

Question 27

Sarcopenia is age related; it also leads to which of the following?

A) Involuntary loss of skeletal muscle and related strength
B) Voluntary loss of skeletal muscle and related strength
C) Involuntary loss of cardiovascular endurance
D) Involuntary loss of cardiovascular endurance

Question 28

Research conducted by Healthy People 2020 found which of the following?

A) The number of people from 45 to 75 years of age who participate in no leisure time physical activity increased significantly over the last several years.
B) The number of people from 45 to 75 years of age who participate in no leisure time physical activity decreased over the last several years.
C) 25 percent of adults in the United States do not meet the guidelines for aerobic and muscle strengthening activities.
D) 50 percent of adults in the United States do not meet the guidelines for aerobic and muscle strengthening activities.

Question 29

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the process by which human beings learn who they are and how they are connected to the social world in which they live.

Question 30

What do the following sentences refer to :
-how much we believe ourselves to be competent, successful, significant, and worthy, or having like for ourselves.

Question 31

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the overall value that one places on oneself as a person.

Question 32

What do the following sentences refer to :
-an activity that is intrinsically motivated, inherently unproductive, spontaneous, and voluntary.

Question 33

What do the following sentences refer to :
-where children or adolescents interact as equals, transitory in nature, and a particularly powerful social force during adolescence.

Question 34

What do the following sentences refer to :
-when an expectation for one's own behavior differs from that deemed appropriate by society.

Question 35

What do the following sentences refer to :
-expectations for behavior based on being a male or a female.

Question 36

What do the following sentences refer to :
-an "age-related, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle and the corresponding strength" that can occur as a result of disuse but may also occur as a result of typical biological (e.g., hormonal) changes that accompany older age .

Question 37

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a negative stereotyping of the elderly that can lead to discrimination.

Question 38

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a wasting away of muscle mass that is a direct result of physical inactivity

Question 39

The first year of life is characterized by relatively asocial or egocentric behavior, with social activity increasing across the first twelve months.

Question 40

According to Harter, young children are capable of making meaningful and consistent judgments about their global self worth.

Question 41

Expectations for behaviors based on gender start early in childhood and often depend on the quality of a child's association with the parent of the same sex.

Question 42

Research from Germany has indicated that a child's incidence of obesity is reduced if both parents are physically active.

Question 43

The first signs of play are often seen as early as the second month of postnatal life.

Question 44

Once an individual begins regular employment, marries, or has a relatively permanent companion and/or has children, the tendency for decreased physical activity and physical regression increases.

Question 45

Generally, the older we become, the more physically activity we are.

Question 46

Guided play is the best way to generate opportunities for the child to determine their own personal preferences and interests.

Question 47

The exercise-aging cycle illustrates the relationship between getting older and becoming more physically active.

Question 48

A well-designed training program for any age group in adulthood can generally increase muscle strength and endurance and increase cardiovascular endurance.