Deck 2: Cognitive and Motor Development

Question 1

Regarding the four domains of human development, which of the following is true?

A) The motor domain is the only domain to affect all others.
B) All domains affect all others.
C) The cognitive domain is the only domain to have a significant impact on all others.
D) The physical domain is the only domain to have a significant impact on all others.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Piaget's theory of cognitive development has how many major stages?

A) Four
B) Eight
C) Ten
D) It is not a stage-based theory of development

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to Piaget, what is true of the stages of cognitive development?

A) They are completed by everyone by the age of 16.
B) They follow the same sequence regardless of the level attained.
C) They can be skipped to reach the highest order of thinking.
D) They become less complex as the child becomes older.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to Piaget, in which process do children attempt to interpret new experiences based on their present interpretation of the world?

A) Assimilation
B) Accommodation
C) Affiliation
D) Adaptation

Question 5

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development has substages of primary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, and secondary schemata?

A) Formal operational
B) Preoperational
C) Concrete operational
D) Sensorimotor

Question 6

The preoperational stage of development occurs in which age range?

A) Birth to 4 months
B) 4 to 8 months
C) 2 to 5 years
D) 6 to 11 years

Question 7

What is the most important characteristic of the preoperational stage of development?

A) Language development
B) Exploration
C) The ability to mentally modify, organize, or reverse thought processes
D) The ability to consider ideas not based on reality

Question 8

Approximately when does the formal operational stage begin?

A) 7 years of age
B) 5 years of age
C) 2 years of age
D) 11 years of age

Question 9

What is the major accomplishment of the formal operational stage?

A) Language development
B) Exploration
C) The ability to mentally modify, organize, or reverse thought processes
D) The ability to consider ideas not based on reality

Question 10

The concrete operational stage of cognitive development is which of Piaget's stages?

A) The second
B) The third
C) The fourth
D) The last

Question 11

Preoperational stage development consists of identifiable substages, including which of the following?

A) Tertiary circular reactions
B) Secondary schemata
C) Transductive reasoning
D) Tertiary circular reactions and secondary schemata

Question 12

According to Piaget, what is the most serious "deficiency" of preoperational thought?

A) Egocentrism
B) Pretend friends
C) Imitation of parents and television characters
D) Extreme emotions

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the ability to realize that certain properties of a substance remain unchanged when the appearance is superficially changed?

A) It is known as conservation
B) It first occurs in the formal stage of development
C) It first occurs in the preoperational stage of development
D) It is known as conservation and first occurs in the preoperational stage of development

Question 14

In the older years of an adult, what happens to response time?

A) Slows
B) Accelerates
C) Shows no predictable trend with age
D) Shows no appreciable change from younger adulhood

Question 15

A child's ability to recognize that an object has not ceased to exist simply because it has disappeared is known as __________.

A) Horizontal decalage
B) Object permanence
C) Conservation of an object
D) Accommodation

Question 16

Knowing that an object has not increased in weight when the spatial orientation (or shape) has changed is known as __________.

A) Horizontal decalage
B) Object permanence
C) Conservation of weight
D) Accommodation

Question 17

According to Piaget, an individual may have a highly developed level of functioning for one cognitive skill but a much lower level for another cognitive skill. How does he refer to this phenomenon?

A) Object permanence
B) Conservation
C) Horizontal decalage
D) Accommodation

Question 18

In a meta-analysis on athletes and cognitive performance, athletes were found to perform better on some cognitive measures, especially if:

A) They came from interception sports like soccer or volleyball.
B) They came from sports that required significant aerobic demands.
C) They came from sports that required complex coordination of movements.
D) All of the above.

Question 19

Postformal operations, according to Berger and the textbook, may involve which of the following?

A) More rigid, straight forward, logical thought
B) A greater tendency to wonder intellectually
C) Seeing answers to problems as less relative and more absolute
D) More flexible, logical and complex forms of thought

Question 20

In general, research on physical activity and well-being has determined:

A) Executive function can be enhanced through physical activity.
B) Younger adults generally respond better to the effects of physical activity than older.
C) Clear indications as to the dose and type of exercise necessary to generate the most positive responses.
D) Working memory is unaffected by involvement in physical activity.

Question 21

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a term used to refer to those movements that are initiated by an electrical impulse from the higher brain centers like the motor cortex.

Question 22

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Piaget's first stage of cognitive development; it lasts for the first two years of life and is characterized by knowing and thinking emerging as a result of the child's actions.

Question 23

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Piaget's second stage of cognitive development; it lasts for nearly five years and is characterized by imaginative play and the child's increased use of symbols.

Question 24

What do the following sentences refer to :
-Piaget's third major stage of cognitive development; it lasts for approximately four years and is characterized by the individual's enhanced ability to decenter attention.

Question 25

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a process by which children attempt to interpret new experiences based on based on their present interpretation of the world.

Question 26

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the individual attempts to adjust existing thought structures to account for new experiences.

Question 27

What do the following sentences refer to :
-an ability to arrange a set of variables based on a certain characteristic.

Question 28

What do the following sentences refer to :
-a possible fifth stage of cognitive development that is characterized by discovering new questions, not just dealing with larger quantities of information.

Question 29

What do the following sentences refer to :
-unintentional or automatic memory, or memory that is outside of our awareness.

Question 30

What do the following sentences refer to :
-awareness of factual information.

Question 31

What do the following sentences refer to :
-the cognitive ability to consider self and an object in simple situations in the past, present, and future, allowing contemplation of activities.

Question 32

What do the following sentences refer to :
-an ability to realize that certain properties of a substance remain unchanged when its appearance is rearranged in a superficial way.

Question 33

The highest stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is the concrete operational stage.

Question 34

Adaptation, according to Piaget, is the adjusting to demands of the environment and the intellectualizing of that adjustment through two complimentary acts, assimilation and accommodation.

Question 35

Piaget's work has been criticized because he did not use a lifespan orientation.

Question 36

Piaget's sensorimotor stage of development lasts from birth through the first two years of life.

Question 37

According to Piaget, primary circular reactions are repetitive and are characterized by an intense interest in the surrounding environment.

Question 38

The stage in Piaget's theory that emphasizes children's limitations rather than their attributes is formal operations.

Question 39

Seriation is the ability to arrange a set of variables by a certain characteristic.

Question 40

Executive function, as it relates to cognition, is the control, management, and regulation of cognitive processes to perform goal directed tasks.

Question 41

Implicit memory is unintentional, automatic, or without awareness.

Question 42

Implicit and explicit memory appear to follow very different general developmental paths in adulthood, with explicit memory declining and implicit memory staying stable.