Deck 2: Geographies of Cultural Difference: One World or Many

Question 1

How is difference used as a tool to understand cultures?

A) Cultures are defined by how they relate to each other.
B) Cultures can only exist independently of each other.
C) Cultures define themselves in opposition to dominant power structures.
D) Cultures are only distinct in how they vary geographically.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which region in the United States has the highest concentration of NCAA men's ice hockey teams?

A) Northeast
B) Alaska
C) the Midwest
D) the South

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following helps explain the folk culture roots of ice hockey in the United States?

A) winter traditions by Native Americans near the settlement of Jamestown
B) the formal rules of lacrosse were eventually developed by European Canadians
C) stick and ball games of people indigenous to eastern Canada
D) an early peace-building activity between indigenous peoples and Europeans

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Why did ice hockey remain regionalized in the Northeast, even after the invention of indoor ice rinks?

A) Many people in the United States preferred to watch football.
B) Canadians would not allow Americans to play on their teams.
C) A regional cultural preference had already been established.
D) Only Ivy League schools could afford ice hockey rinks.

Question 5

The perspective of possibilism suggests that:

A) ice hockey spread quickly to the South as the rules of the game popularized
B) ice hockey was created in two places about the same time
C) ice hockey was originally restricted to areas with a cold enough climate
D) ice hockey was unpopular with Americans, and it flourished in Canada

Question 6

Of the three sports, ice hockey, lacrosse, and volleyball, which gained widespread popularity outside of the region it was invented?

A) both ice hockey and volleyball
B) volleyball
C) ice hockey
D) lacrosse

Question 7

Lacrosse and ice hockey are examples of:

A) a blending of indigenous and colonial cultures
B) games imported from European culture during colonization
C) games stolen from Native American culture
D) games independently created for universities

Question 8

Which of the following explains the geographic distribution of NCAA men's volleyball teams?

A) In the 1960s, volleyball became associated with California beach culture.
B) Winters on the East Coast are milder, making volleyball more popular there.
C) It was adapted from a game played by indigenous people in Florida.
D) Only states bordering the Gulf of Mexico have large enough beaches.

Question 9

Which state's university teams dominate in NCAA men's volleyball?

A) Hawaii
B) Florida
C) Massachusetts
D) California

Question 10

-Which characteristic of indigenous cultural regions is reflected in this map?

A) their location in large forested regions
B) poor access to roads and infrastructure
C) their strong political voice
D) a strong political presence in the national capital

Question 11

Which state has the most land area that also has the highest percentage of indigenous people?

A) Arizona
B) Texas
C) South Dakota
D) Alaska

Question 12

Which of the following geographic factors might strengthen the relationship between the federal government and indigenous nations?

A) forcing indigenous people to migrate to new reservations
B) locating them farther away from capital cities
C) the rough topography
D) better infrastructure such as roads

Question 13

The current locations of indigenous populations in the United States reflect:

A) eastward movement over time
B) geographic marginalization
C) integration in the national culture
D) an increasingly urbanized population

Question 14

What was the purpose of the forced removal of Native Americans during the 1800s?

A) to integrate Native Americans in the national culture
B) to provide land for European settlers
C) to move Native Americans to better hunting grounds
D) to force them to move to cities

Question 15

Maps that indicate cultural region demonstrate:

A) concentrations of indigenous people live potentially with other groups
B) areas of indigenous people who all belong to the same group
C) areas of strong government authority over indigenous peoples
D) internationally recognized borders that protect indigenous peoples

Question 16

The Andean culture region is an example of:

A) the full extent of the Incan empire
B) a cultural region that crosses international borders
C) a unique mix of Mayan and Incan settlements
D) an area given special status by the Mexican and Guatemalan governments

Question 17

The mountainous regions in South Asia have what have become known as Hill Tribes, which are often characterized by:

A) intensive agriculture in fertile valleys
B) their fervent Islamic beliefs
C) their symbols of national culture and pride
D) distinct language and religion from lowland cultures

Question 18

Why is it useful to map the "hidden" spaces of LGBT residents in a city?

A) It provides a history of how LGBT have been fully integrated into the city.
B) It shows the way the LGBT population is spreading to new neighborhoods.
C) It segregates or demarcates space based on sexual preferences.
D) It allows understanding of the places LGBTs feel safe and contribute to civic life.

Question 19

The decision by the city of Chicago to highlight the neighborhood of Boystown reflects:

A) an attempt to keep out businesses opposed to LGBT groups
B) an attempt to attract diverse people and to show city's openness
C) the history of racial segregation in the city
D) a steep reduction in shootings throughout the city

Question 20

Within North America, many studies of the LGBT geography have taken place in:

A) Cities
B) rural areas
C) continental interior
D) Suburbs

Question 21

The first officially recognized LGBT district in the United States was:

A) Greenwich Village, New York
B) Rehoboth, Delaware
C) Boystown, Chicago
D) Key West, Florida

Question 22

-The presence of the rainbow flag in this photo signifies that this neighborhood is likely a(n):

A) gentrified neighborhood
B) LGBT neighborhood
C) convergent community
D) elitist landscape

Question 23

Suppose fans of a particular soap opera set in Santa Barbara, California, flock to the city to visit the locations that are featured in each episode. This is an example of:

A) media tourism
B) literary tourism
C) Migration
D) cultural homogeneity

Question 24

Which city does NOT have a robust vampire-tourism economy?

A) Forks, Washington
B) Volterra, Italy
C) Chicago, Illinois
D) New Orleans, Louisiana

Question 25

The town of _____, Washington, has seen its somewhat depressed economy improve as a result of tourism based on the Twilight series of books and movies.

A) Forks
B) Seattle
C) Tacoma
D) Olympia

Question 26

Which country is considered the "mecca" of vampire tourism?

A) Russia
B) Romania
C) Bulgaria
D) Lithuania

Question 27

The Transylvania region is located in:

A) Germany
B) Romania
C) Bulgaria
D) Belarus

Question 28

Which statement is NOT true regarding vampire tourism in Romania?

A) Since the fall of communism, tourist attractions based on the historically inaccurate version of Dracula have been banned.
B) The Dracula story presents Romania as a backward, superstitious region.
C) The fictional character of Dracula links a Romanian hero to an evil beast, thereby disrespecting a key figure in Romanian history.
D) The folk culture of Transylvania has no tradition of vampirism.

Question 29

Which is NOT a major diaspora culture?

A) the Hmong diaspora (following the Vietnam War)
B) the Italian diaspora (following World War II)
C) the Sudanese diaspora (a result of ongoing civil wars in the region)
D) the Cuban diaspora (following the communist revolution)

Question 30

Approximately how many people have the ongoing Sudanese civil wars displaced?

A) 50,000
B) 500,000
C) 2 million
D) 4 million

Question 31

Civil wars in Sudan have been fought primarily between the _____ northern region and the _____ southern region.

A) Arabic; Christian
B) French-ruled; Italian-ruled
C) undeveloped; developed
D) barren; urban

Question 32

The world's newest nation-state is:

A) Belarus
B) Ukraine
C) Transylvania
D) South Sudan

Question 33

An analysis of the Miss South Sudan beauty pageant revealed that the ideal South Sudanese woman was all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Christian
B) light-skinned
C) career-oriented
D) maternal and devoted to reproducing the new nation

Question 34

The term _____ has been coined to describe the pattern of unequal access to the Internet.

A) Disconnectivity
B) Invisible Internet
C) digital divide
D) zero PC

Question 35

-According to the map, the digital divide is greatest between _____ and _____.

A) Europe; Asia
B) Asia; Australia
C) South America; Russia
D) North America; Africa

Question 36

-According to the map, which African country has the greatest number of Internet users?

A) South Africa
B) Namibia
C) Algeria
D) Democratic Republic of the Congo

Question 37

Which country banned cell phones until 2008?

A) Dominican Republic
B) Haiti
C) Cuba
D) Egypt

Question 38

Which country banned Google Street View in 2010, but later lifted the ban after negotiating strict terms with Google?

A) United Arab Emirates
B) Qatar
C) Canada
D) Czech Republic

Question 39

Which technological device did the United Arab Emirates briefly ban in 2010?

A) the BlackBerry
B) the iPhone
C) the PC
D) the pager

Question 40

The theory that cultures are becoming more alike as a result of globalization trends is the:

A) cultural adaptation theory
B) placelessness theory
C) convergence hypothesis
D) time-space convergence

Question 41

According to the assumption of the convergence hypothesis, the ultimate effect would be:

A) a politically unified world
B) placelessness
C) genocide
D) class warfare

Question 42

Two hundred years ago it might have taken weeks to travel from the East Coast of the United States to the West Coast. Today it takes a few hours. This phenomenon is called:

A) placelessness
B) cultural homogenization
C) convergence hypothesis
D) time-space convergence

Question 43

According to the convergence hypothesis, people and places are:

A) becoming more regionalized
B) achieving a sense of place
C) becoming more differentiated
D) becoming more alike

Question 44

According to Peter Jackson, cultural practices rooted in place shape the effects of globalization through all of the following EXCEPT:

A) hybridization
B) transformation
C) resistance
D) placelessness

Question 45

The idea of local consumption cultures implies that:

A) people in remote locations have no interest in foreign-produced products
B) people in cities are more likely to use foreign-produced products
C) local circumstances can make a difference to the outcomes of globalization
D) all cultures are converging into one global culture

Question 46

Some Americans have begun avoiding products produced in China, because they consider them cheaply made and sometimes even dangerous. Instead, they purchase items made in the United States to support domestic companies. This is a case of:

A) the convergence hypothesis
B) consumer nationalism
C) local consumption culture
D) folk culture renaissance

Question 47

Which is NOT an example of a historic or contemporary diaspora culture?

A) Native Americans in Oklahoma
B) the movement of Southeast Asians into U.S. cities in the late twentieth century
C) the large populations of South Asians in England
D) the contemporary movement of North Africans into southern Spain

Question 48

Which country in 2010 banned full-face veils (burqas) in public?

A) Great Britain
B) Germany
C) France
D) Switzerland

Question 49

Which has NOT been an effect of globalization on indigenous cultures?

A) Local indigenous peoples are now linked to global networks that allow them to rally international support.
B) Globalization introduces new values and organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, not all of which are welcome.
C) Globalization erects barriers that prevent almost all innovations from reaching indigenous cultures.
D) Multinational corporations' quest for profits can threaten the homelands and habitats of indigenous peoples.

Question 50

Which statement is NOT true regarding indigenous ecology?

A) Many believe that indigenous peoples possess a great deal of knowledge about their physical environment.
B) Today indigenous peoples are often seen as conservators of their habitat, but in colonial times they were perceived as destroyers of the habitat for political reasons.
C) The majority of national parks in Central and South America are home to indigenous populations.
D) In most cases, indigenous farming practices provide higher crop yields than "modern" farming practices.

Question 51

Tropical rain forests contain about _____ percent of the Earth's surface and contain approximately _____ percent of the world's biodiversity.

A) 6; 60
B) 10; 50
C) 15; 75
D) 30; 40

Question 52

Europeans historically claimed that indigenous peoples practices destroyed the environment, yet this claim was part of an effort to dispossess indigenous peoples from their land during:

A) colonialism
B) globalization
C) space-time compression
D) independence movements

Question 53

Indigenous people live in some of the most biologically rich areas of the world. Some people suggest this means that:

A) indigenous people need to be removed from these lands in order to protect them
B) cultural preservation and biological preservation should both be goals
C) cultural preservation should be prioritized for the sake of human rights
D) priority needs to be on biological preservation for the sake of the global environment

Question 54

Indigenous rights organizations assert that they have cultivated local biodiversity for generations and that they should have control over the resulting:

A) agricultural harvests
B) tourism industry
C) manufactured goods
D) genetic resources

Question 55

The term used to describe the highly localized knowledge about environmental conditions and sustainable land-use practices is:

A) green revolution
B) indigenous technical knowledge
C) folk-farming
D) in situ agricultural planning

Question 56

An indigenous group that has detailed understanding of local climate systems, water cycles, and species biodiversity can adapt that environment to their needs in sophisticated ways. They might not be able to do the same in a different environment because indigenous technical knowledge is:

A) weaker in the face of globalization
B) inferior to scientific methods
C) inherently place-based
D) adapted to many environments

Question 57

An economy in which people seek to consume only what they produce and to produce only for local consumption rather than for exchange or export is called a _____ economy.

A) diasporic
B) developing
C) swidden
D) subsistence

Question 58

An indigenous group who grows and hunts most of their own food and trades food surpluses and handmade goods to supplement their diets with foods unavailable locally is an example of a:

A) developing economy
B) subsistence economy
C) placeless economy
D) globalized economy

Question 59

The marine life traditionally harvested by the Miskito community of Nicaragua, which became overharvested as a result of globalization, is the:

A) Chilean sea bass
B) sea anemone
C) green turtle
D) harp seal

Question 60

How did globalization impact the way the Miskito community of Nicaragua harvested green sea turtles, which decimated the turtle population?

A) Turtle eggs were harvested as well as the adults.
B) Outsiders were hired and outcompeted the Miskito hunters.
C) Large ships came in to help the Miskito hunt turtles.
D) Harvesting sea turtles was no longer seasonal and instead occurred all year.

Question 61

Why did the Miskito turtle hunters, once a purely subsistence economy, need to work to pay off debts to outsiders, which eventually caused the collapse of the subsistence economy?

A) The community started seeing an increase of drug use.
B) Stores moved in that undercut the local prices of food.
C) The turtle hunters had been given loans to buy equipment for hunting.
D) Local taxes were imposed on the Miskito community.

Question 62

The home of the Miskito community is:

A) Nicaragua
B) Panama
C) Belize
D) Guatemala

Question 63

What is an example of the ability of the Miskito community to maintain their way of life through biological preservation?

A) the opening of a museum dedicated to the extinct green sea turtle
B) the creation of a UN World Heritage Site
C) the creation of a marine biological reserve
D) the opening of an indigenous university

Question 64

The home of the Quechua people can be found in:

A) the Ecuadorian Andes
B) Patagonia
C) the Amazon forest of Brazil
D) Central America

Question 65

When an indigenous community combines local knowledge with globalized technologies, this community is:

A) overcoming the problems associated with globalization
B) negotiating their interactions with the global economy and sustaining their culture
C) giving in to the pressures of globalization
D) allowing the state to mandate their integration into the global economy

Question 66

Appalachians moved to all of the following areas of the continental United States EXCEPT:

A) the Ramapo Mountains of New Jersey
B) the Ozark-Ouachita Mountains
C) the Cascade and Coast Mountains
D) the Texas Hill Country

Question 67

Why did Upland Southerners migrate from the Appalachians to places like the Ozark-Ouachita Mountains and the Cascades of the Pacific Northwest instead of places like the Great Plains?

A) People in the Great Plains were prejudiced against Appalachian people.
B) Their ecological knowledge was better adapted to mountainous areas.
C) Government grants provided land in mountains but not in the Great Plains.
D) The Great Plains was farther away than these mountain ranges.

Question 68

Which of the following is a folk culture adaptation to the local wetland environment in Florida?

A) a dune buggy
B) a speed boat
C) a swamp buggy
D) a fanboat

Question 69

Which doctrine holds that women are inherently better environmental preservationists than men are?

A) Ecofeminism
B) manifest destiny
C) the Monroe Doctrine
D) the grandmother hypothesis

Question 70

Within an ecofeminism framework, why might someone argue that women are better stewards of nature?

A) Women are gentler.
B) Men are too power hungry.
C) Women are more socialist.
D) Women bear children.

Question 71

A farming system that combines the growing of trees with the cultivation of agricultural crops is:

A) swidden cultivation
B) slash-and-burn cultivation
C) agroforestry
D) ecotourism

Question 72

Which was NOT a conclusion reached by Diane Rocheleau in her studies of agroforestry in East Africa and the Dominican Republic?

A) Because men are the primary landowners and workers, women are expected to work more within the province of the home, and to gather water from local sources.
B) Within indigenous cultures that practice agroforestry, women often take the lead in political movements concerned with environmental issues.
C) In general, men and women tend to have different rights with respect to the ownership and control of land and resources.
D) Because men and women have different responsibilities, they have different sets of knowledge about the environment.

Question 73

Diane Rocheleau's work in East Africa and the Dominican Republic identified all of the following themes EXCEPT:

A) gendered environmental rights
B) gendered knowledge
C) gendered sexuality
D) gendered environmental politics

Question 74

A man working for a logging company and who earns a cash income for his household might see a forest for the timber, but a woman might see the forest for the firewood and food she can gather. This is an example of:

A) gendered environmental politics
B) gendered sexuality
C) gendered knowledge
D) gendered environmental rights

Question 75

The adaptive strategies pursued by people living in popular cultures have enormous potential for producing:

A) environmental perceptions
B) intimate relationships with the physical environment
C) advantageous ecological relationships
D) unsustainable and disastrous conditions

Question 76

One benefit for city dwellers of having a less intimate connection with the landscape is:

A) increased vulnerability to natural disasters
B) knowledge of farming in small spaces
C) less vulnerability to environmental forces
D) increased air and water pollution

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of nature in popular culture?

A) an intensively farmed wheat field
B) a small park in a strip mall
C) urban farming
D) a coal mine

Question 78

Understanding why cats began living around humans and eventually became their pets would be a question for someone in the subfield of:

A) cultural geography
B) animal geography
C) political ecology
D) geomorphology

Question 79

The purpose of animal geography is to understand:

A) how nonhuman species participate in interactions with humans
B) how animals are introduced by humans into new environments
C) how animals are distributed around the planet
D) how animals have modified their environments through diet

Question 80

The source of most folk architecture is:

A) collective memory
B) computer-based reproductions
C) professional architectural firms
D) indigenous culture