Deck 5: Measurement

Question 1

______ is the process of defining the concepts researchers are interested in measuring.

A) Testing
B) Measurement
C) Variation
D) Demonstration

Answer 1

B

Question 2

______ is the working definition a researcher uses for a concept.

A) Conceptual definition
B) Conceptual determination
C) Constance definition
D) Conjectural definition

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What is the process of defining the exact way you plan to measure the concept?

A) conceptualization
B) modernization
C) oppositionalization
D) operationalization

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following might be an operational definition of the concept of eating a lollypop?

A) remove the wrapper, put the candy in your mouth, enjoy
B) consuming the candy until it is completely gone
C) choosing which of the following candies you like in order from most to least
D) please decide whether you wish to participate in this study based on whether you like lollipops

Question 5

Which level of measurement is defined by a variable's attributes or characteristics?

A) ordinal
B) exclusive
C) nominal
D) inclusive

Question 6

Which of the following levels of measurement are variables that are assigned a numerical value?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 7

Which of the following levels of measurement can be logically ranked?

A) nominal
B) ratio
C) interval

Question 8

Which level of measurement has both variables and a true zero value?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 9

What does a true zero value mean?

A) Zero value has a real meaning.
B) There were zero participants.
C) Zero people value this topic.
D) There is a 0% chance of this result occurring.

Question 10

A mother takes her son's temperature repeatedly throughout the day to see whether his fever is improving. What level of measurement is she using?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 11

Researchers ask a subject if they are currently pregnant. What level of measurement is used in this scenario?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 12

A Likert-type scale (e.g., asking if someone is not satisfied, a little satisfied, satisfied, or very satisfied with their cable service) is an example of which measurement level?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 13

How does a researcher choose which level of measurement to use?

A) This is assigned at random by the university funding the researcher.
B) Decisions are based on a vote among all of the researchers of which they each most enjoy.
C) They consider what they are studying and choose the method that best gathers the information.
D) Peer-reviewed journals make all of these decisions for researchers.

Question 14

______occurs when there is a pattern to the error.

A) Overall error
B) Systematic error
C) Generalized error
D) Systemic error

Question 15

When systematic error is caused by the participant providing the same response to all or most of all the items on a measure, this is referred to as a ______.

A) repetition set
B) response system
C) response set
D) systemic outlier

Question 16

An ______ set is the tendency of person to response in a positive manner to a question regardless of the question being asked.

A) appropriate reaction
B) acquiescent reflex
C) acquired response
D) acquiescent response

Question 17

Why might a person tell a toothpaste company that they love toothpaste when they do not?

A) social constructs
B) social desirability bias
C) societal expectations
D) research desirability bias

Question 18

People with diabetes are more likely than nondiabetics to know how much sugar content is in a stick of gum. What is this outcome called?

A) recall bias
B) resistance
C) knowledge base
D) recall memory

Question 19

What may occur due to the Hawthorne effect?

A) People may like dogs more than cats.
B) Students may study the same amount as they always do.
C) People answer questions honestly.
D) Abusive parents may be less likely to hit their child.

Question 20

Inter-rater reliability is defined as the degree of agreement between the ______.

A) observers
B) raters
C) participants
D) professors

Question 21

When does the inter-observer reliability matter most?

A) during publication
B) during coding
C) at the time of presenting of the study
D) after the journal article about the research has been published

Question 22

Which of the following is best determined using criterion validity?

A) the level of someone's depression
B) which shade of green someone prefers
C) how the researchers measure validity
D) whether someone is suicidal

Question 23

______ are established scores that are used to determine if someone meets or does not measure a specific criterion.

A) Safe scores
B) Cut-off rates
C) Cut-off scores
D) Determination rates

Question 24

______ has/have established reliability and validity.

A) Standardized testing
B) Standardized measures
C) Necessary measurement
D) Accurate measurements

Question 25

Which measure involves respondents completing a question themselves?

A) provided measure/questionnaire
B) self-administered physical exam
C) self-administered measure/questionnaire
D) first person measure/questionnaire

Question 26

When might an interview schedule be the best method for measurement?

A) when the researcher wants to move things along quickly
B) when researching those who are illiterate
C) when the research is on a tight deadline
D) when the researcher thinks tone of voice will affect responses

Question 27

Which of the following types of questionnaire topics might be best if self-administered?

A) favorite lotion brands
B) number and types of shoes owned
C) sexual experiences
D) most liked and disliked candy flavors

Question 28

How might a double barreled question be problematic for researchers?

A) A subject may prefer to talk slower.
B) Subjects may be overwhelmed with too many questions at once.
C) Researchers may want the interview to move along quicker.
D) Subjects may then want every question to become double barreled.

Question 29

The NASW Code of Ethics states that social workers are ______ responsible to their clients.

A) legally
B) ethically
C) morally
D) federally

Question 30

______ focuses on establishing equivalence by examining how items function across groups.

A) Measurement equivalence
B) Linguistic equivalence
C) Conceptuality
D) A metric system

Question 31

______ is the extent to which a measure is compatible with the language and culture to which it will be adapted.

A) Logical equivalence
B) Logic-based equality
C) Lingual equity
D) Linguistic equivalence

Question 32

______ is the extent to which the concepts represented by the items making up the measure are understood to have the same meaning across cultural groups.

A) Conceptual equality
B) Conceptual intention
C) Meaningful connection
D) Conceptual equivalence

Question 33

Which of the following words might create a linguistic equivalence problem?

A) Crib can mean baby bed or home, depending the population asked.
B) Cherry is a flavor some cultures prefer over other cultures.
C) Green may or may not be someone's favorite color.
D) 6:00 a.m. may be early for some people but may not be early for other people.

Question 34

Standardized measures should have a Cronbach's α of .80 or higher and should be able to discriminate between high and low levels of the construct of interest. Standardized measures may have cut-off scores.

Question 35

Google Translate uses a connotative meaning structure.

Question 36

Loaded questions are one that contain an assumption.

Question 37

Metric equivalence refers to equivalence in item or question difficulty across groups which must include minority groups.

Question 38

Why is Google Translate not necessarily the best method to deliver research questions to those not fluent in English?

Question 39

Why might it be problematic for three different researchers to handle translation, one-way translation, and back-translation work?

Question 40

If you are developing your own measure, what are the two types of ways you can gather participant answers?

Question 41

What types of questionnaire questions should be avoided?

Question 42

Name some groups that the need for measurement equivalence applies to.