Deck 3: The Research Process

Question 1

What is research?

A) a systematic process of inquiry designed to collect, analyze, and interpret data
B) a systematic process of work designed to collect and interpret data
C) a random process of studying data
D) a random process of inquiry designed to collect, analyze, and interpret data

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Deductive reasoning involves using which of the following?

A) developmental theory
B) a theory to inform the development of a hypothesis
C) hypothetical beliefs
D) previously completed studies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A ______ implies that the prediction about the relationships among variables can be tested.

A) guess
B) theory
C) hypothesis
D) development

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A researcher may create a hypothesis based on which of the following?

A) inductive reasoning
B) funding
C) deductive reasoning
D) existing research

Question 5

Which of the following personal traits could be a variable?

A) amount of excitement before a concert
B) level of thirst after a sports event
C) happiness experienced while on vacation
D) height measured at the doctor's office

Question 6

Which of the following could you ascertain using inductive reasoning?

A) how much a child likes their parent
B) how tired people are after work
C) how many people ride the subway alone
D) how sunny the sky is on a summer day

Question 7

What is the main difference between dependent variables and independent variables?

A) A variable that results in a change in the other variable is known as the independent variable, the variable being explained or caused is the dependent variable.
B) This varies depending on the type of research occurring.
C) A variable that results in a change in the other variable is known as the dependent variable, the variable being explained or caused is the independent variable.
D) The subject is always independent. The aspect of the study that is not the subject is dependent.

Question 8

Applied research is research conducted to ______.

A) create problem
B) further examine problems
C) address or solve problems
D) identify what problems may occur in the future

Question 9

What is the purpose of basic research?

A) to solve a problem
B) to increase scientific knowledge
C) to prepare for future problems
D) to support existing research

Question 10

Quantitative research is research using that data can be ______.

A) estimated
B) understood
C) experienced personally
D) counted

Question 11

Deductive reasoning entails which of the following?

A) gathering data to test a specific hypothesis
B) creating data for future studies
C) examining data to address past concerns
D) utilizing data to decide on a hypothesis

Question 12

What does positivism research paradigm assume?

A) varied personal beliefs impact research
B) personal opinions can justify any research
C) objective universal truth
D) being positive when researching can impact research results

Question 13

What does qualitative research focus on?

A) a person's own perspective
B) a person's height and weight
C) how many people participated in an experience
D) how a person imagines others felt

Question 14

Which of the following statements best represents the social constructivism research paradigm?

A) There can be no universal truth, each person's experience is different.
B) There is a universal truth but not all people are honest in research.
C) There can be no universal truth, but researchers can estimate one.
D) There is a universal truth and researchers are trained to find it.

Question 15

One way to gather quantitative research is to use a form that includes ______.

A) a question asking what the subject thinks about a topic
B) a multiple choice questionnaire asking what the subject understands about a topic
C) a question asking how the subject feels about a topic
D) a section for the subject to write anything they want about a topic

Question 16

What does it mean when a research study proves a hypothesis to be false?

A) The study results provided unexpected but accurate results.
B) The study is wrong, all hypotheses must be true.
C) The study should be disqualified.
D) The researcher must change the hypothesis before publishing.

Question 17

An interview would be an example of gathering ______.

A) quantitative research
B) prehypothesis research
C) qualitative research
D) variable research

Question 18

Sarah is measuring how students in her class feel one day. What type of research is she conducting?

A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) latitudinal
D) cross-reference

Question 19

You would use longitudinal research to measure which of the following factors?

A) whether the person's behavior changes over 6 months of time
B) how many people feel on a Sunday at 2 p.m.
C) whether people prefer blue or green on Thursdays
D) how many people choose hot dogs over burgers at a picnic

Question 20

What is the best method for measuring how students in your program are feeling about the program over a 2 year period of time?

A) latitudinal study
B) cohort study
C) cross-sectional study
D) quantitative study

Question 21

Many schools offer student surveys to determine students' experiences with a professor. Then, the school examines several years of surveys to determine whether to promote a professor. This method uses which type of study?

A) latitudinal study
B) trend study
C) quantitative study
D) cross-sectional study

Question 22

Many long-term studies offer financial compensation each time a participant completes another portion of the study. What might the researchers be trying to prevent by paying participants?

A) bias
B) lying
C) changing answers
D) attrition

Question 23

Why might a panel study be useful?

A) to see what a panel discussion most enjoys
B) to measure how a panel of judges would score an experience
C) to measure how the same people grow and change over time
D) to see whether the same people would prefer panels or interviews

Question 24

Why might a researcher choose to do a cross-sectional study instead of a longitudinal study?

A) to gather their research as quickly as possible
B) to spend a long time with each participant
C) to gather as much information over months of repeated interviews
D) to spend funds budgeted to prevent attrition

Question 25

There are many types of studies; are some more valid than others?

A) Yes, some studies are more accurate than others.
B) No, each type of study is valid when it fits the goal of the researcher.
C) Yes, some studies do not provide as much information as others.
D) No, each type of study can be made more valid with effort.

Question 26

Descriptive research is conducted to describe which of the following?

A) phenomenon under investigation
B) phenomenon impacting the researcher's study
C) phenomenon likely to occur in the future
D) past phenomenon

Question 27

Why would a researcher do exploratory research?

A) to double check previous research about the phenomenon
B) to gain new insight about the phenomenon
C) to research a phenomenon that occurred in the past
D) to gain review insight about the phenomenon in order to create new studies

Question 28

Explanatory researches the ______.

A) causal variables among relationships
B) direct impact among relationships
C) causal relationships among variables
D) direct impact among variables

Question 29

What is the purpose of evaluation research?

A) to measure what results needs to be evaluated
B) to measure whether existing programs are working
C) to gauge what programs are needed
D) to measure how employees are doing at their job

Question 30

When might evaluation research be useful?

A) when deciding whether to hire a job applicant
B) when deciding whether to give a current employee a raise
C) to prove that two or more variables are associated
D) to study how a researcher's previous work is valid

Question 31

Why might a researcher use nonexperimental research?

A) to study how two subjects are opposite one another
B) to prove that one variable impacts another
C) to prove that two or more variables are associated
D) to study how a researcher's previous work is valid

Question 32

Which of the following events could a researcher use for observational research?

A) how a person reacts to the death of a loved one
B) how happy a person becomes when given money
C) how much a person likes being surprised by a friend's visit
D) how a person reacts to their favorite song

Question 33

Peer evaluators are called ______.

A) judges
B) referees
C) determinators
D) magistrates

Question 34

Research is a systematic process of inquiry designed to collect, analyze, and interpret data.

Question 35

Descriptive research describes phenomenon already investigated.

Question 36

A researcher controls the situation in observational research.

Question 37

Problem formulation is the first step in the research process.

Question 38

Infographics present data in a visual way.

Question 39

Why does learning about research matter?

Question 40

Give an example of when to use cross-sectional research and when to use longitudinal research.

Question 41

One year after a new mental health-care facility has opened, the board requests an evaluation. What might be included in this document?

Question 42

What type of research design would you use to better understand how 9/11 impacted American children?

Question 43

What steps of the research process would you include on a poster presentation of research you have completed?