Deck 4: Cultural Differences in Communication

Question 1

Suppose that you are in a conversation with someone and that person tells you a lie. According to Grice's Cooperative Principle, that person is violating the maxim of

A) quality.
B) quantity.
C) relevance.
D) manner.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

You say, "Hi, how are you?" and your conversational partner proceeds to tell you everything that happened to her that day. She is violating Grice's Cooperative Principle maxim of

A) quality.
B) quantity.
C) relevance.
D) manner.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Your friend asks you the answer to a mathematics question and you begin talking about the picnic you had over the weekend. You are violating Grice's Cooperative Principle maxim of

A) quality.
B) quantity.
C) relevance.
D) manner.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Lilly's story about her supervisor getting off on tangents whenever she asks him a question is an example of Grice's Cooperative Principle maxim of

A) quality.
B) quantity.
C) relevance.
D) manner.

Question 5

You talk to your grandmother in a very disrespectful way. You are violating Grice's Cooperative Principle maxim of

A) quality.
B) quantity.
C) relevance.
D) manner.

Question 6

In the book, James told a story about how when he went to Germany, only those holding the position of "director" or higher could ask him questions. The "regular" professors and researchers were passing notes to these directors in order to ask their questions. These audience members were observing the maxim of ________ according to Grice's Cooperative Principle.

A) quality
B) quantity
C) relevance
D) manner

Question 7

Someone says to you, "This is real interesting" in a sarcastic tone. This person is using Norman and Rummelhart's addition to the Cooperative Principle maxim of

A) relations with conversational partner.
B) rule violations.
C) manner.
D) relevance.

Question 8

The distance you stand from people while speaking to them is a form of nonverbal communication called

A) proxemics.
B) kinesics.
C) paralanguage.
D) high-context communication.

Question 9

Stella's narrative about her discomfort about people in Korea violating her personal space is an example of ________ being different in Korea and the United States.

A) proxemics
B) kinesics
C) paralanguage
D) high-context communication

Question 10

Using hand gestures while talking is an example of the nonverbal communication called

A) proxemics.
B) kinesics.
C) paralanguage.
D) high-context communication.

Question 11

Not having as much eye contact is different from avoiding eye contact. Under conditions of conflict, ________ tend to have less eye contact than their American counterparts.

A) Brits
B) Dutch
C) Arabs
D) East Asians

Question 12

Silences in conversations are examples of the nonverbal communication called

A) proxemics.
B) kinesics.
C) paralanguage.
D) high-context communication.

Question 13

Shon and Ja (1982) presented a case of a Malaysian mother from a lower class whose son wanted to date the daughter of a higher-class family. The mother from the higher class served tea and bananas, and they talked about everything but their children. The mother from the lower class told her son that he could not date the other woman's daughter because of her ability to

A) understand high-context communication.
B) understand low-context communication.
C) read minds.
D) see that her son would not feel comfortable with this woman.

Question 14

One advantage of high-context communication is that it allows individuals to

A) feel free to express themselves.
B) avoid confrontations.
C) clarify communications.
D) inquire about conflicting messages.

Question 15

Sachiko and Kenji are from a high-context culture. Kenji asks Sachiko to go out on a date with him, but Sachiko doesn't want to do this. She might communicate this

A) by telling Kenji no.
B) through a letter as opposed to orally.
C) indirectly.
D) by having a friend tell Kenji no.

Question 16

An important aspect of "saving face" is

A) keeping one's material goods.
B) keeping one's spiritual goods.
C) preserving one's dignity in private.
D) preserving one's dignity in public.

Question 17

In the Sue and Morishima (1982) case about the mother-in-law from Hong Kong who nearly caused a divorce between her son and her daughter-in-law, the intervention was to find a respected older uncle (the brother of the mother-in-law) to intervene on the daughter-in-law's behalf. According to the book, his intervention took advantage of

A) high-context communication.
B) low-context communication.
C) the maxim of quality.
D) the maxim of quantity.

Question 18

Asian cultures tend to use more ________ in comparison with North American cultures.

A) direct communication
B) indirect communication
C) low-context communication
D) hidden meanings

Question 19

In a narrative in the book, Adjoa knew that her sister in Ghana was happy to get married, but her father told her she didn't have to get married when she ran away from home the night before the wedding. Why did Adjoa laugh at her father?

A) Because she knew that her sister was playing a trick on her father
B) Because her father looked so out of breath when he caught up with her sister
C) Because her sister was only indirectly expressing her sadness of leaving the family
D) Because from a cultural perspective, her sister had to allow her father to catch her

Question 20

Ribeau et al. (1999) discussed important issues in African American communication with White Americans. All of the following are examples of such issues except

A) negative stereotyping.
B) personal expressiveness.
C) goal attainment.
D) character assessment.

Question 21

According to Ribeau et al. (1999), if a European American man talks with his African American coworker only about sports and music, he is engaging in

A) negative stereotyping.
B) personal expressiveness.
C) authenticity.
D) power dynamics.

Question 22

An example of indirect negative stereotyping given in the book was when a European American talk show host asked Eddie Murphy, an African American entertainer who suddenly became successful,

A) how he was able to handle his sudden success.
B) what kinds of cars he was buying.
C) how he pieces together a comedy routine.
D) if he began engaging in charity causes.

Question 23

Some African Americans engage in "code switching" when talking with their European American conversational partners. According to Ribeau et al. (1999), these code switchers are engaging in

A) a process of avoiding negative stereotyping.
B) their own personal expressiveness.
C) being authentic.
D) attempting to change the power dynamics.

Question 24

Neal-Barnett and her associates (2010) talked about how some African American adolescents try to "keep their friends in line" by

A) accusing them of acting European American.
B) putting them down for speaking "Black English."
C) trying to behave like Barack Obama.
D) engaging in "SNAP!" culture.

Question 25

According to Hall (1976), Latinos tend to engage in more interpersonal touching when conversing with others. This touching is a sign of

A) control.
B) coldness.
C) warmth.
D) low-contact communication.

Question 26

In Shelly's narrative, she discussed how she attended her Latinx friend's family barbeque. Coming from a European American background, Shelly was not accustomed to

A) all of the animosity regarding racism she received.
B) how all of her friend's family greeted her with hugs and kisses on the cheek.
C) eating with her fingers.
D) how loud the music was and how much dancing there was.

Question 27

Vasquez (2000) uses proverbs or dichos in therapy with Latino clients because

A) they can keep therapy going for a long time.
B) they can provide an appropriate perspective.
C) many clients have not heard them and want to be educated by them.
D) it does not matter if they are used properly or not, they are still effective.

Question 28

In Alicia's narrative, she discussed how her uncle used a dicho at his induction as the president of the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Association. The dicho he selected to use served

A) to encourage everyone else to discuss their own favorite dicho.
B) as the final thought of the ceremony.
C) to start a debate about what the best dicho should be for the occasion.
D) as an invitation for everyone to introduce themselves and their business.

Question 29

The American Indian concept of time is often expressed in terms of

A) eras.
B) chronology.
C) clock time.
D) the future.

Question 30

Pennbrant and Trolihaettan (2013) found that when dealing with elderly patients, compliance to medical instructions increased when

A) the patients were seen in private.
B) relatives were included.
C) instructions were written.
D) patients were given an opportunity to ask questions.

Question 31

One of the most popular topics that grandparents like to talk about with their grandchildren is

A) past wars they lived through.
B) the presidents that most influenced their lives.
C) their family histories.
D) how schools used to be.

Question 32

Celeste discussed how rude she was to her Filipino great-grandmother. When her great-grandmother passed away, Celeste realized how inappropriate her behavior had been and regretted her behaviors. This encouraged Celeste to

A) visit her great-grandmother's grave as often as she could.
B) write about her experiences with her great-grandmother.
C) appreciate all of the values transmitted by her great-grandmother.
D) be much more respectful of her grandmother.

Question 33

According to the book, the ethnic group that is most likely to be "receiver centered" is the ________ group.

A) Asian
B) African American
C) American Indian
D) Latinx

Question 34

According to the book, which group is most likely to be a "contact" culture?

A) Asians
B) American Indians
C) Latinxs
D) The elderly

Question 35

A lot of credit for Barack Obama's rise to political power among young voters was his use of

A) stars in entertainment.
B) social media.
C) humor.
D) irony.

Question 36

Donald Trump attempts to get around "fake news" by

A) his use of Twitter.
B) constantly criticizing traditional news outlets.
C) having a quick response team.
D) acting presidential.

Question 37

Teenagers and young adults prefer to use the social media platform

A) Twitter.
B) Facebook.
C) Snapchat.
D) Instagram.

Question 38

Jessica, in her comparison between herself and her mother in using social media, indicated

A) how impressed she was that her mother picked up social media platforms so quickly.
B) that she is sometimes disappointed at how much she has lost touch with friends.
C) how much more she has maintained communication with her high school friends than her mother has.
D) that she feels isolated from her friends when using social media.

Question 39

According to Annisette and LaFrenier's (2017) study on the use of social media, those who used social media more frequently

A) had more friends.
B) engaged in more shallow thinking.
C) were more likely to be reflective in thought.
D) had higher moral development.

Question 40

One silver lining in the use of social media is

A) the number of friends one can make through this medium.
B) how one can bully other students.
C) the ability to organize positive social movements.
D) the amount of money one can make through sponsorships.

Question 41

According to the book, women's communication occurs within a context of

A) superiority of feminine language.
B) motherhood.
C) work-related stress.
D) sexism.

Question 42

Broverman et al. (1970) found that women could not be perceived to be both

A) mentally healthy women and mentally healthy adults.
B) mentally unhealthy women and mentally healthy adults.
C) mentally healthy women and mentally unhealthy adults.
D) mentally unhealthy women and physically healthy adults.

Question 43

According to Broverman et al.'s study (1970) on mental health and gender, people felt that mentally healthy adults should be dominant whereas mentally healthy women should be

A) even more dominant.
B) submissive.
C) active.
D) talkative.

Question 44

In examining the literature on field dependence vs. field independence, Susan Fiske suggested that our conceptions would be markedly different if we labeled this area as

A) field submissiveness vs. field dominance.
B) field sensitive vs. field insensitive.
C) figure positive vs. figure negative.
D) figure visible vs. figure hidden.

Question 45

According to Lakoff's (1975) examination of gender and language, which of the following are women most likely to say?

A) "I feel this is a great idea."
B) "This is a great idea."
C) "This is a great idea, don't you think?"
D) "You are wrong; this is a great idea."

Question 46

Paludi (1998) feels that "tag questions" in communication convey

A) weakness.
B) coldness.
C) tentativeness.
D) warmth.

Question 47

"I may be wrong, but I think this is interesting." The phrase "I may be wrong" is an example of a(n)

A) tag question.
B) qualifier.
C) introductory statement.
D) opinion.

Question 48

According to Wood (1994, 1999) and Gay (2012), a woman is more likely than a man to make which of the following statements?

A) "We should do this."
B) "I can do you one better."
C) "Get to the point."
D) "I had that same experience."

Question 49

According to Wood (1994, 1999) and Gay (2012), a man is more likely than a woman to make which of the following statements?

A) "You think you have it easy, this is how easy I have it . . ."
B) "I felt so embarrassed when this happened . . ."
C) "I've done so much talking, what do you think?"
D) "This is only my opinion, but . . ."

Question 50

Wood (1999) felt that gender differences in communication are more a product of

A) biology.
B) technology.
C) fathers being present or absent.
D) socialization.

Question 51

Williams and Best (1982, 1994) conducted a study on characteristics of men and women across 30 countries. They found that the characterization of men being things like active, aggressive, and loud was in high agreement across these countries

A) but women were also characterized in these manners.
B) and they were also perceived to be positive across these countries.
C) but they were perceived to be negative across these countries.
D) but the perception of these characteristics varied from country to country.

Question 52

Will, Self, and Datan (1976) dressed up the same infant in pink or blue and called the baby "Beth" or "Adam," respectively. They found that people

A) could tell that it was the same baby.
B) responded to how the baby acted.
C) reacted as if the infant was a girl if dressed in pink and a boy if dressed in blue.
D) tended to ignore the color of the clothing but rather reacted to how active the baby was.

Question 53

If a baby is dressed in pink and is called "Stephanie," most people are likely to offer the baby

A) a toy truck.
B) a crayon.
C) some finger paint.
D) a doll.

Question 54

Abigail discussed how she and her female friend talk on the phone for an hour or two. She said that it brought her closer to her friend. However, her friend's husband doesn't like this because

A) he feels that when someone else knows a lot about you, that person can use that information against you.
B) talking for that long wastes a lot of time and money.
C) he feels that since time is money, his wife could be more productive during the time she spends talking with Abigail.
D) when he listens to their conversations, they don't seem to be solving each other's problems, only disclosing information.

Question 55

When someone learns a second language that does not replace his/her original language, this is called

A) additive bilingualism.
B) subtractive bilingualism.
C) language attrition.
D) native bilingualism.

Question 56

When someone learns a new language that replaces his/her original language, this is called

A) additive bilingualism.
B) subtractive bilingualism.
C) language elongation.
D) native bilingualism.

Question 57

Isabel immigrates to the United States from El Salvador. While she has learned to speak English because of her work, she continues to speak Spanish at home. The learning of English is called

A) additive bilingualism.
B) subtractive bilingualism.
C) language attrition.
D) native bilingualism.

Question 58

Amir immigrates to the United States from Saudi Arabia. Amir's daughter is born in the United States and learns Arabic and English at the same time. Amir's daughter's language facility is called

A) additive bilingualism.
B) subtractive bilingualism.
C) language attrition.
D) native bilingualism.

Question 59

Adipat immigrates to the United States from Thailand as a young boy. Over time, his English replaces his Thai so that by the time he is in college, he can no longer speak Thai. This process is called

A) additive bilingualism.
B) subtractive bilingualism.
C) language elongation.
D) native bilingualism.

Question 60

Learning about which of the following topics made Billy determined not to lose his Thai background?

A) Additive bilingualism
B) Subtractive bilingualism
C) Language elongation
D) Native bilingualism

Question 61

When controlled for social class and educational opportunities, Lambert and his colleagues found that bilingual children performed ________ on intelligence tests.

A) better
B) worse
C) the same
D) unusually

Question 62

Price-Williams and Ramirez (1977) feel that bilingual children's better performance on intelligence tests was due to

A) translation factors.
B) cognitive flexibility.
C) better access to education.
D) a statistical anomaly.

Question 63

According to Bialystok and Craik's (2010) study on the advantages and disadvantages of being bilingual, all of the following are disadvantages of being bilingual except

A) having a smaller vocabulary.
B) experiencing more "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomena.
C) being less semantically fluent.
D) being more hesitant to talk in groups.

Question 64

According to Bialystok and Craik's (2010) study on the advantages and disadvantages of being bilingual, all of the following are advantages of being bilingual except

A) performing better in nonverbal tasks.
B) having less Stroop interference.
C) being more able to generate words in timed tasks.
D) experiencing less cognitive decline in old age.

Question 65

Verkoeijen et al. (2012) found that studying in the language of origin but testing in the second language

A) led to deeper learning.
B) led to only surface learning.
C) confused students.
D) is rarely recommended.

Question 66

According to Grabois' (1999) study on the learning of a second language,

A) mental structures remain essentially the same.
B) mental structures are dependent upon aging.
C) mental structures change.
D) more research needs to be conducted.

Question 67

Kroll et al. (2014) found that when viewing the brains of bilingual individuals who were viewing a nonverbal conflict,

A) the results were indistinguishable from brains of monolingual individuals.
B) different areas of the brain were activated.
C) both hemispheres of the brain were activated instead of just one.
D) the anterior cingulate cortex was activated in a more focused manner.

Question 68

Garcia and Kleifgen (2010) prefer the term ________ when describing those who are learning English as a second language.

A) "limited English proficient individuals"
B) "emergent bilinguals"
C) "English language learners"
D) "learners of English as a second language"

Question 69

Tsai, Ying, and Lee (2001) found that Chinese research participants who were both knowledgeable about Chinese culture and proficient in Chinese language ________ those who did not have such knowledge and language abilities.

A) had a higher self-esteem than
B) had a lower self-esteem than
C) discriminated against
D) tried to help

Question 70

The Russian woman felt that bilingualism for her came at a cost because

A) she felt uncomfortable using the English language.
B) her accent exposed her as a non-native English speaker.
C) she was not perceived to be as clever as she was in Russia.
D) she had a hard time making friends here in the United States.