Deck 8: Prejudice

Question 1

When person's social category puts them at a lower status than a dominant group and ascribes to them negative characteristics, this is called ______.

A) stereotyping
B) stigmatisation
C) aggression
D) anti-social behaviour

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Society's progression towards egalitarianism can be described as moving through stages defined by these three different types of racism: ______.

A) blatant racism, aversive racism, full egalitarianism
B) aversive racism, blatant racism, full egalitarianism
C) aversive racism, subtle racism, full egalitarianism
D) old racism, new racism, full egalitarianism

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Sexism can be divided into two components: ______.

A) old sexism and new sexism
B) hostile sexism and benevolent sexism
C) blatant sexism and new sexism
D) blatant sexism and aversive sexism

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In a study by Glick, Diebold, Bailey-Werner, and Zhu (1997), men high in ambivalent sexism who were asked to think about a woman transcending traditional roles (e.g., a career woman) reported ______.

A) positive feelings such as warmth and trust
B) ambivalent feelings such as fear and trust
C) no particular feelings
D) negative feelings such as fear and envy

Question 5

The idea that people regulate prejudiced-related thoughts is connected to ______.

A) balance theory
B) the authoritarian personality
C) Freudian theory
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 6

According to realistic group conflict theory, conflict between groups is the result of the perception ______.

A) that all groups are in competition
B) that conflict is inevitable between groups
C) of abundant resources
D) of scarce resources

Question 7

Implicit prejudice can be measured using ______.

A) response times
B) Tajfel matrices
C) points allocations
D) institutional measures

Question 8

Optimal conditions for contact include ______.

A) co-operation, egalitarian attitudes, equal social status
B) equal social status, institutional support, co-operation
C) institutional support, norms favouring equality, co-operation
D) co-operation, low differentiation, equal social status

Question 9

The extended contact effect describes how ______.

A) having an extended network of friends reduces bias
B) having contact with many different groups reduces bias
C) having a friend who has egalitarian attitudes reduces bias
D) having a friend who has a friend who is an outgroup member reduces bias

Question 10

The umbrella term that includes different manifestations of bias in favour of one's own social category is known as ______.

A) prejudice
B) ingroup bias
C) racism
D) self-serving bias

Question 11

______ describes the behavioural manifestation of ______.

A) Prejudice; racism
B) Prejudice; discrimination
C) Racism; discrimination
D) Discrimination; prejudice

Question 12

Stigmatisation refers to the assigning of negative characteristics or stereotypes to an individual due to their ______.

A) race
B) sex
C) social category's low status
D) all of these

Question 13

Aversive racism is when people ______.

A) directly express their racist attitudes
B) hold both egalitarian and racist attitudes
C) disagree with racism
D) hold highly racist attitudes

Question 14

The view that women are inferior, irrational, and weak is a form of ______.

A) hostile sexism
B) benevolent sexism
C) old-fashioned sexism
D) aversive sexism

Question 15

The form of sexism that involves holding both hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes towards women simultaneously is known as ______.

A) aversive sexism
B) ambivalent sexism
C) modern sexism
D) the glass ceiling effect

Question 16

While negative attitudes or feelings towards members of an outgroup are known as ______, the behavioural manifestation of these attitudes or feelings is known as ______.

A) prejudice; racism
B) ingroup bias; discrimination
C) discrimination; prejudice
D) prejudice; discrimination

Question 17

Stigmatisation refers to ______.

A) a negative attitude or feeling regarding a specific group
B) a negative behaviour directed towards a specific outgroup
C) prejudice against an individual on the basis of race
D) ascribing negative characteristics to a person because they belong to a low status social category

Question 18

The blatant expression of negative and unfair stereotypes of others based on their category membership is known as ______.

A) aversive racism
B) old-fashioned racism
C) modern racism
D) implicit racism

Question 19

The glass ceiling effect is a form of ______.

A) racism
B) sexism
C) ageism
D) all of these

Question 20

Positive stereotyping of women that nonetheless restricts women to traditional female roles, justifying male social dominance, is known as ______.

A) old-fashioned sexism
B) aversive sexism
C) hostile sexism
D) benevolent sexism

Question 21

Ambivalent sexism involves holding both ______ towards women simultaneously.

A) hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes
B) blatant and aversive sexist attitudes
C) egalitarian attitudes and negative emotions
D) none of these

Question 22

While the possession of both new and old forms of prejudice in terms of race is known as ______ racism, the possession of both and new old forms of prejudice in terms of sex is known as ______ sexism.

A) ambivalent; aversive
B) aversive; benevolent
C) hostile; benevolent
D) aversive; ambivalent

Question 23

Which type of measure of prejudice is likely to be affected by social desirability concerns?

A) explicit measures
B) implicit measures
C) unobtrusive
D) all of these

Question 24

Which theory suggests that some people are more prejudiced than others as a result of overly-strict parenting methods in childhood?

A) the authoritarian personality
B) social dominance orientation
C) both the authoritarian personality and social dominance orientation
D) none of these

Question 25

Adorno devised which scale to measure the authoritarian personality?

A) the implicit association test
B) points allocations
C) the f-scale
D) the a-scale

Question 26

Allport argued that a number of conditions were necessary for contact to be successful at reducing intergroup bias. Which of the following is NOT identified as one of these conditions?

A) equal status
B) ignoring group memberships
C) institutional support
D) common goals

Question 27

The extent to which the outgroup is seen as including many different types of people, rather than being seen as all the same as one another is known as ______.

A) depersonalisation
B) individuation
C) outgroup variability
D) multiple categorisation

Question 28

Paolini and colleagues found that the positive relationship between cross-group friendship and outgroup attitude was mediated by ______.

A) projection of positive personality traits
B) perceived outgroup variability
C) reduced intergroup anxiety
D) all of these

Question 29

Cameron and Rutland (2006) found that reading children weekly stories featuring disabled and non-disabled children in friendship contexts improved children's attitudes towards disabled children. This is an illustration of which effect?

A) extended contact
B) direct contact
C) imagined contact
D) cross-group friendship

Question 30

The mental simulation of a social interaction with a member or members of an outgroup is known as ______.

A) extended contact
B) in-direct contact
C) imagined contact
D) cross-group friendship