Deck 11: Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1

An intentional behaviour that benefits another person is known as ______.

A) prosocial behaviour
B) helping behaviour
C) altruism
D) none of these

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a problem with the evolutionary explanation of helping behaviour?

A) we help friends and complete strangers
B) it is not observable because it occurs over a large timescale
C) it does not explain why people help relatives in some cases and not in others
D) all of these

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The reciprocity principle suggests that we are ______.

A) more likely to help those who haven't helped us
B) more likely to help those we've never met
C) more likely to help those who we believe would help us
D) less likely to help those who we believe would help us

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Bryan and Test (1967) demonstrated that those perceivers who had seen someone else helping were subsequently more likely to help. This experiment supports which view of helping behaviour?

A) the evolutionary perspective
B) the just-world hypothesis
C) modelling
D) reciprocity

Question 5

Modelling will only produce helping behaviour if ______.

A) the victim is very attractive
B) the conditions of the just-world hypothesis are met
C) the initial helping behaviour had a negative outcome
D) none of these

Question 6

Put the stages of Latané and Darley's model of helping behaviour in the correct order.

A) define the situation as an emergency, attend to the situation, decide how to help, accept personal responsibility
B) define the situation as an emergency, decide how to help, accept personal responsibility, attend to the situation,
C) attend to the situation, decide how to help, accept personal responsibility, define the situation as an emergency
D) attend to the situation, define the situation as an emergency, accept personal responsibility, decide how to help

Question 7

Darley and Latané's (1969) experiment demonstrated that less people went to help the participant who was apparently having a seizure when they were led to believe that they were part of a larger group. This is explained by ______.

A) self-efficacy
B) diffusion of responsibility
C) social learning theory
D) modelling

Question 8

The bystander calculus model of Pilliavin and colleagues considers the ______ that is elicited by an emergency.

A) physiological arousal
B) physical arousal
C) psychological arousal
D) psychological apathy

Question 9

The greater the ______ costs the less likely it is that a bystander will help.

A) financial
B) societal
C) personal
D) environmental

Question 10

People with an ______ locus of control feel that they have ______ control over events and are more likely to help as a result.

A) internal; less
B) internal; more
C) external; less
D) external; more

Question 11

A leader is more likely to help because ______.

A) they think that they are more personally responsible
B) there is more likely to be a diffusion of responsibility
C) they will automatically know what to do
D) all of these

Question 12

The image reparation hypothesis suggests that ______.

A) people will help out in a different situation after they have done something that made them feel guilty
B) people will try and put right the wrong that made them feel guilty by helping out in the same situation
C) people only help out following guilt if their original action was in front of an audience
D) people only help out following guilt if their original action was not in front of an audience

Question 13

The theory that information congruent with our own mood is more accessible is known as the ______.

A) affect-priming model
B) affect-as-information model
C) affect and helping model
D) threat to self-esteem model

Question 14

People who are more attractive are ______.

A) more likely to receive help
B) more likely to give help
C) less likely to receive help
D) less likely to give help

Question 15

The threat to self-esteem model states that recipients will respond positively to help if ______.

A) they feel supported
B) they feel threatened
C) they are low in self-esteem
D) they are weak

Question 16

Acts where people voluntarily and intentionally behave in a way that they believe will benefit others is known as ______.

A) prosocial behaviour
B) helping behaviour
C) altruism
D) bystander apathy

Question 17

The evolutionary approach can explain why we help ______.

A) family
B) friends
C) complete strangers
D) all of these

Question 18

The reciprocity principle and social responsibility norm are both normative beliefs that may explain why we have a tendency to help others, however, they differ in that:

A) one suggests we only help friends, while the other explains why we help family, friends and strangers.
B) One has empirical support, the other does not.
C) One suggests we help those who help us, while the other suggests we help those .in need regardless of whether they have helped us.
D) One suggests we help those who help us, the other suggests we only help when we will be rewarded for our help.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a normative belief that can provide an explanation for why we have a tendency to help others?

A) social responsibility norm
B) kin selection
C) reciprocity
D) just-world hypothesis

Question 20

The social learning explanation for helping behaviour is supported by the finding that ______.

A) we are more likely to help if the other person previously made a big, unexpected sacrifice for us
B) perceivers who had seen someone else helping were subsequently more likely to help
C) people were more likely to give money to a family in Sudan when they needed money in the short term rather than the long term
D) people are more likely to donate money to a breast cancer charity than a lung cancer charity

Question 21

Within which of Latané and Darley's stages could the 'stimulus overload effect' reduce the chance of helping behaviour?

A) attend to the incident
B) define the incident as an emergency
C) accept personal responsibility
D) decide what to do

Question 22

Audience inhibition can be seen as a product of ______.

A) diffusion of responsibility
B) informational influence
C) normative influence
D) all of these

Question 23

Whose model suggests that people assess the costs of helping and the costs of NOT helping when deciding whether or NOT to help?

A) Greenberg et al.
B) Garcia, Moskowitz and Darley
C) Latané and Darley
D) Pilivian et al.

Question 24

A victim-focused, negative emotional state that arises when we see someone else suffering is known as ______.

A) orienting reaction
B) empathic concern
C) defence reaction
D) personal distress

Question 25

Cramer, McMaster, Bartell and Dragna (1988) found that nurses were more likely than students to help a workman who had fallen off a ladder because ______.

A) they had higher dispositional empathy
B) they were in a better mood
C) they felt more competent in the situation
D) they felt more socially responsible

Question 26

When the victim is similar to ourselves, we are likely to feel ______ and will respond ______.

A) personal distress; altruistically
B) empathic concern; egoistically
C) personal distress; egoistically
D) empathic concern; altruistically

Question 27

The idea that we use our current mood to help us understand how we feel about things in our environment is known as ______.

A) the availability heuristic
B) the affect priming model
C) the image-reparation model
D) the affect-as-information model

Question 28

Women are more likely than men to help ______.

A) strangers
B) in everyday situations
C) in emergencies
D) all of these

Question 29

Empathic concern ______.

A) is more likely when we are similar to the victim
B) leads people to help altruistically
C) is an emotional response focused on the person in need rather than ourselves
D) all of these