Deck 13: Friendship and Love

Question 1

The presentation of intimate information about oneself to another person that is a key part of the development of close relationships is known as ______.

A) gossiping
B) confession
C) self-disclosure
D) self-exposure

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Social penetration theory ______.

A) is supported empirically for people of different cultures
B) is not supported empirically across different cultures
C) always holds true regardless of the circumstance
D) none of these

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Women disclose ______ men in same-sex friendships.

A) less than
B) more than
C) as much as
D) twice as much as

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Lee's typology of love divided love into three primary types. These are passionate love, friendship love and ______.

A) possessive love
B) pragmatic love
C) altruistic love
D) game-playing love

Question 5

The triangulation theory of love suggests that there are seven types of love which differ depending upon the degree of ______.

A) passion, intimacy and commitment
B) excitement, reliability, sense of humour
C) passion, reliability, commitment
D) excitement, passion and reliability

Question 6

Zillman's (1984) experiment demonstrates that fear is incorrectly labelled as attraction to the female research assistant. This illustrates ______.

A) the three-factor theory of emotion
B) the excitation-transfer model
C) the triangulation theory of love
D) the social penetration theory

Question 7

The name of the construct that is defined as reflecting whether a person feels happy and satisfied in a relationship is ______.

A) interpersonal attraction
B) relationship contentment
C) relationship satisfaction
D) a social network

Question 8

The idea that in social relationships there is an exchange of valued goods, be they material or emotional, is known as ______.

A) social value theory
B) attachment theory
C) social exchange theory
D) excitation transfer theory

Question 9

People in close relationships expect an equal exchange in terms of love, emotional and financial support, and household tasks. This describes which theory?

A) equity theory
B) attachment theory
C) sharing theory
D) the three-factor theory of love

Question 10

A map of a relationship between individuals showing how they are related to each other is known as a ______.

A) social map
B) social relations map
C) relationship map
D) social network

Question 11

Unhappy couples ______.

A) focus on the negative aspects of their relationship
B) feel envious when they see happier couples
C) feel worried when they see couples who are unhappier than they are
D) all of these

Question 12

If a child's caregiver was caring and responded sensitively to their needs, they are likely to believe they are worthy of love, and that other people can be trusted. This attachment style is known as ______.

A) avoidant
B) anxious
C) ambivalent
D) secure

Question 13

Those people who have high self-esteem but do NOT trust others are likely to be ______.

A) dismissing avoidant
B) fearful avoidant
C) preoccupied
D) secure

Question 14

The idea that people will be committed to a relationship to the extent that they have high satisfaction, low perceived quality of alternatives, and many shared memories, friends and activities is known as ______.

A) the interdependence theory
B) the independence theory
C) the investment model
D) none of these

Question 15

Social penetration theory offers an explanation for why and how friendships develop, focusing on the crucial role of ______.

A) reciprocity
B) self-disclosure
C) intimacy
D) gender differences

Question 16

The fact that women self-disclose more in same-sex relationships than men, may be because ______.

A) men meet friends face-to-face less than women
B) women engage in more shared activities
C) a cultural norm prescribes that men should not act in a vulnerable or dependant manner
D) all of these

Question 17

Which of the following statements about heterosexual masculinity is incorrect?

A) it involves valuing masculine traits associated with power and control
B) men are particularly likely to conform to this norm in the company of women
C) it involves devaluing female traits of tenderness and vulnerability
D) men who conform to heterosexual masculinity have a tendency to denigrate male homosexuality

Question 18

According to Lee's typology of love, mania (possessive love) is made up of ______.

A) friendship and game-playing love
B) passion and friendship love
C) passionate and game-playing love
D) altruistic and pragmatic love

Question 19

The enduring type of love that is typical of long-term relationships, characterised by trust, respect and mutual understanding is known as ______.

A) passionate love
B) compassionate love
C) pragmatic love
D) friendship love

Question 20

Which theory focuses on the role of arousal in romantic love?

A) Lee's typology of love
B) triangular theory
C) social penetration theory
D) three-factor theory of love

Question 21

The process by which physiological arousal from a different source can inadvertently be interpreted as romantic attraction in the presence of an attractive person is known as ______.

A) arousal transfer
B) excitation transfer
C) residual arousal
D) transference

Question 22

Equity theory suggests a relationship is most likely to be successful when each partner ______.

A) feels that the they receive more from the relationship than they give
B) feels that they give more to the relationship then they get
C) believes their ratio of inputs to outputs is equal
D) feels the benefits of the relationship outweigh the costs

Question 23

Which of the following factors was NOT noted by Reis and Patrick (1996) as a characteristic of an intimate relationship?

A) commitment
B) understanding
C) caring
D) validation

Question 24

People in an unhappy relationship are more likely to ______.

A) blame the relationship problems on their partner
B) see their partner's problematic behaviour as stable and unlikely to get better in the future
C) focus on the negative implications of social comparison
D) all of these

Question 25

Attachment refers to the emotional bond that develops in ______.

A) romantic relationships
B) friendships
C) child and caregiver relationships
D) any relationship

Question 26

According to Ainsworth, if the caregiver is insensitive to the needs of a child and does NOT respond consistently, the child will develop ______.

A) an anxious/ambivalent attachment
B) a secure attachment
C) a preoccupied attachment
D) an avoidant attachment

Question 27

While people high in ______ try to maintain distance from others to preserve their independence and self-esteem, and tend to be less involved in relationships and are uncomfortable with self-disclosure, people high in ______ seek support, acceptance and closeness to others in response to their fear of rejection and use intense efforts to ensure support and maintain proximity to others.

A) dismissing avoidance; fearful avoidance
B) fearful avoidance; dismissing avoidance
C) attachment-avoidance; attachment- anxiety
D) attachment-anxiety; attachment-avoidance

Question 28

Individuals who have high self-esteem, but do NOT trust others, and therefore avoid close relationships have which attachment style?

A) preoccupied
B) dismissing-avoidant
C) fearful avoidant
D) secure

Question 29

Duck's (1992) relationship dissolution model proposed a sequence of events that characterise the end of a long-term relationship. These stages, in the correct order, are ______.

A) the intrapsychic stage, the social phase, the grave-dressing phase, the dyadic phase
B) the intrapsychic stage, the dyadic phase, the social phase, the grave-dressing phase
C) the social phase, the dyadic phase, the intrapsychic stage, the grave-dressing phase
D) the grave-dressing phases, the dyadic phase, the intrapsychic phase, the social phase