Deck 14: Juvenile Corrections

Question 1

What is the traditional way to respond to juvenile delinquents?

A) to provide the least restrictive treatment
B) to provide the most restrictive treatment
C) to provide no treatment
D) Treatment was tailored to individual delinquents.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

This is the conditional release of juveniles to the custody of parents or guardians.

A) parole
B) bail
C) probation
D) pretrial release

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Probation can be _____ as the result of being adjudicated delinquent or _____ as an alternative to formal processing.

A) formal; informal
B) court-ordered; voluntary
C) formal; voluntary
D) all of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Place in order the types of offenses that receive probation from most likely to least likely to receive probation.

A) drug offenses, public-order offenses, person offenses, property offenses
B) public-order offenses, drug offenses, property offenses, person offenses
C) property offenses, person offenses, public-order offenses, drug offenses
D) person offenses, public-order offenses, drug offenses, property offenses

Question 5

Which advantage of probation is related to labeling theory?

A) the encouragement of rehabilitation
B) low cost
C) the reduction of stigma
D) all of the above

Question 6

The rules of probation require the youth to maintain contact with this person.

A) parents
B) probation officer
C) judge
D) social worker

Question 7

What are requirements of probationers that apply to all probationers called?

A) intensive-supervision probation
B) plea bargains
C) standard conditions of probation
D) special conditions of probation

Question 8

These requirements apply to a probationed youth's particular needs.

A) standard conditions of probation
B) intensive conditions of probation
C) restitution
D) special conditions of probation

Question 9

Intensive-supervision probation is designed to provide extended services to which category of juveniles?

A) cases who will do well no matter what the officer does
B) cases who can do well if the probation officer allocates time and resources
C) cases who will do poorly no matter what the officer does
D) all of the above

Question 10

How does intensive-supervision probation differ from standard probation?

A) use of a team of probation officers and aides
B) caseload size
C) both
D) neither

Question 11

This involves the use of a device, usually one that the offender wears, to monitor an offender's location and activities.

A) institutionalization
B) electronic monitoring
C) non-secure detention
D) special conditions of probation

Question 12

This restricts offenders to their homes for large parts of the day.

A) home confinement
B) non-secure detention
C) institutionalization
D) electronic monitoring

Question 13

This is court-ordered compensation by the offender to the victim(s) for their psychological, physical, or financial losses resulting from an offense.

A) remuneration
B) recidivism
C) restitution
D) repayment

Question 14

About _____ of all juveniles in residential placement are male.

A) 50 percent
B) 85 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 99 percent

Question 15

What is the most common offense leading to residential placement?

A) status offenses
B) criminal offenses
C) property offenses
D) personal offenses

Question 16

This allows juveniles to stay in the community in an alternative living arrangement so that the youth can continue to attend school and other community-based services.

A) parole
B) secure detention
C) probation
D) nonsecure detention

Question 17

Which is not a form of nonsecure detention?

A) halfway houses
B) group homes
C) jails
D) foster care

Question 18

These are typically held on ranches, in camps, or out in the wilderness.

A) boot-camp prisons
B) halfway houses
C) group homes
D) alternative-experience programs

Question 19

In 2005, the Supreme Court set forth in this case that offenders who committed their capital offenses before age 17 could no longer be executed.

A) Stanford v. Kentucky
B) Atkins v. Virginia
C) Roper v. Simmons
D) M.J.W. v. State of Georgia

Question 20

This is the loss of the ability to make decisions for oneself because of the long period of time spent in a secure facility.

A) institutionalization
B) labeling
C) rehabilitation
D) recidivism

Question 21

Why are juveniles who are being held as juveniles sometimes sent to jails?

A) They are being held as adults.
B) The prison is overcrowded.
C) They require secure confinement until they can be seen by a judge.
D) Their parents want them to be held in jails.

Question 22

Why do some states use secure detention?

A) for temporary holding
B) to sanction probation violators
C) as a disposition
D) all of the above

Question 23

Who runs juvenile correctional facilities?

A) the state
B) the county
C) the local jurisdiction
D) the federal government

Question 24

Several factors are important in designing reentry programs. According to the Pathways to Desistance Study, which is true?

A) Most juveniles who commit felonies eventually reduce their offending regardless of intervention.
B) Longer stays in juvenile institutions don't reduce recidivism.
C) Substance abuse treatment reduces both substance use and lawbreaking.
D) all of the above

Question 25

Which best describes youths in adult prisons?

A) racial or ethnic minority
B) has committed offenses against the person
C) male
D) all of the above

Question 26

In this case, the Supreme Court decided that the imposition of a life sentence without parole on a juvenile convicted of a non-murder offense violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.

A) Stanford v. Kentucky
B) Atkins v. Virginia
C) Graham v. Florida
D) Roper v. Simmons

Question 27

What did the Supreme Court rule in Rhodes v. Chapman?

A) Community service for juveniles is "just restitution."
B) Double-celling violates the Eighth Amendment under adverse conditions.
C) Juveniles have a right to education while institutionalized.
D) Crowding alone isn't unconstitutional.

Question 28

In which case did the Supreme Court set forth that mandatory life-without-parole sentencing for juvenile homicide offenders violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment?

A) Miller v. Alabama
B) Jackson v. Hobbs
C) neither case
D) both cases

Question 29

In general, the _____ institution, the greater the threat of suicide.

A) less restrictive
B) more restrictive
C) more lenient
D) The amount of restriction has no effect on suicide.

Question 30

Which is a reason that the problems of incarcerated girls can be more acute than those of boys?

A) Adolescent female delinquents face few challenges with parenting and other interpersonal relationships.
B) Girls have lower rates of depression than boys throughout adolescence.
C) Adolescent girls who come into contact with the juvenile justice system report low levels of abuse and trauma.
D) The substance-abuse treatment needs of girls involved in the juvenile justice system are particularly acute.

Question 31

In both adult and juvenile female institutions, residents form _____ in which they act out the roles of father, mother, and children.

A) gangs
B) clubs
C) cliques
D) pseudofamilies

Question 32

Which is not a challenge of education in juvenile institutions?

A) Most of the youths are usually in detention for long, stable periods of time based on their need for specialized education.
B) Many of the youths are reading below their age and grade-level.
C) Many of the youths have learning disabilities.
D) Many of the youths have severe behavioral issues.

Question 33

These allow youths to receive community treatments while also allowing them to earn increased freedoms and rewards based upon good behavior.

A) halfway houses
B) electronic monitoring
C) home confinement
D) all of the above

Question 34

What is the biggest problem with juvenile reentry programs?

A) They engage families and the community throughout the reentry process.
B) They prioritize education and employment as essential elements of reentry.
C) They provide a stable transition to adulthood that helps to create lifelong connections.
D) The required resources aren't always under control of the juvenile justice system.

Question 35

The juvenile justice system must fix social conditions that lead to delinquency, such as poverty, drugs, inadequate schools, and ineffective families.

Question 36

Placing juveniles in secure institutions is usually considered first.

Question 37

When the first juvenile court was introduced, probation was instituted as one of its cornerstones.

Question 38

Probation is unnecessary in today's juvenile justice system because the small numbers of juveniles appearing before the courts are easily institutionalized.

Question 39

Under the juvenile justice system, probation is a right.

Question 40

Group homes and halfway houses are easy to institutionalize because high staff turnover means there are always new people willing to learn the job.

Question 41

Residential treatment is less expensive than placing a youth in secure confinement.

Question 42

Most juveniles in secure institutions have committed offenses that would be criminal if committed by adults.

Question 43

Juveniles who must be detained for short periods of time are generally sent to jails with adult offenders and detainees.

Question 44

Federal law requires that jailed juveniles be held out of both sight and sound of adults.

Question 45

Each state approaches juvenile detention in the same manner as set forth by federal law.

Question 46

The less restrictive the institution, the greater the threat of suicide.

Question 47

Girls are less likely than boys to be detained for status offenses.

Question 48

When incarcerated, females tend to revert to traditionally feminine roles that emphasize family and connectedness.

Question 49

Treatment and rehabilitation are negligible goals in the juvenile justice system.