Deck 3: Mechanisms of Early and Middle Visual Processing

Question 1

The component of the human eye with the greatest optical power is the:

A) Lens
B) Pupil
C) Vitreous
D) Cornea

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The light-sensitive surface in the eye is known as the:

A) Retina
B) Choroid
C) Sclera
D) Zonule

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these does not affect pupil diameter?

A) Luminance level
B) Cognitive demands
C) Interest
D) Vitreous humour

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The outer nuclear layer of the retina contains:

A) The cell bodies of the photoreceptors
B) The amacrine cells
C) The choroid
D) The cell bodies of the bipolar cells

Question 5

Retinal rods are most dense:

A) In the fovea
B) In the macula
C) 15-20° from the fovea
D) At the blind spot

Question 6

The fibres in the optic nerve number about:

A) 6 million
B) 120 million
C) 150,000
D) 1 million

Question 7

In dark adaptation, the rod-cone break:

A) Lies about 15° from the fovea
B) Occurs when rods become more sensitive than cones
C) Is a symptom of night-blindness
D) Is related to pupil diameter

Question 8

Compared with cones, the peak sensitivity of rods is shifted towards:

A) Longer wavelengths
B) Shorter wavelengths
C) Flicker
D) The fovea

Question 9

Parasol ganglion cells are:

A) P cells
B) K cells
C) M cells
D) Driven only by rods

Question 10

Experiments with monkeys suggest that P cells respond to:

A) Line orientation
B) Flicker
C) Binocular disparity
D) Motion

Question 11

The input layer in V1 is:

A) Layer 5
B) Layer 3
C) Layer 4
D) Layer 1

Question 12

Visual area V6 forms part of the:

A) Dorsal stream
B) Ventral stream
C) K layers of the LGN
D) Cerebellum

Question 13

After staining visual cortex with cytochrome oxidase, pale stripes are found in:

A) V1
B) V2
C) V5/MT
D) V4

Question 14

Area V2 contains cells which respond to:

A) Arcs
B) Stars
C) Components of natural scenes
D) All of these

Question 15

Which of the following has not been suggested as a role of V4?

A) Figure/ground segregation
B) Detection of discontinuities of texture
C) Detection of complex object features
D) Motion perception

Question 16

After lesions to the temporal lobe, monkeys cannot:

A) Discriminate visually between wooden blocks of different shapes
B) Use a wooden block as a cue to the location of food
C) Reach for a wooden block
D) Place a wooden block in a hole

Question 17

Which of the following has not been shown to be reliable cues for segmentation?

A) Differences of element colour
B) Differences of element orientation
C) Differences in number of line endings of elements
D) Differences of direction of motion of elements

Question 18

Analysis of external space takes place in:

A) The ventral stream
B) The cerebellum
C) The koniocellular layers of the LGN
D) The dorsal stream

Question 19

Functions of the Superior Parietal Lobule include:

A) Perception of colour
B) Control of actions
C) Memory for form
D) Understanding speech

Question 20

De Haan and Cowey likened the arrangement of visual cortical areas to:

A) Modules within a network
B) Different sites within two processing streams
C) Books on a library shelf
D) The random positioning of raisins in a fruit cake

Question 21

What is the approximate optical power of the cornea in dioptres?

A) 20
B) 43
C) 10
D) 100

Question 22

In the inner plexiform layer of the retina:

A) Are the cell bodies of the bipolar cells
B) Horizontal cells make connections with photoreceptors and bipolar cells
C) Amacrine cells make connections with ganglion and bipolar cells
D) Are the outer segments of the photoreceptors

Question 23

Retinal cones are most dense in the:

A) Fovea
B) Macula
C) 15-20° from the fovea
D) Blind spot

Question 24

Complete dark adaptation takes about:

A) 60 minutes
B) 8 minutes
C) 80 minutes
D) 25 sminutes

Question 25

Midget ganglion cells are:

A) P cells
B) K cells
C) M cells
D) Driven only by rods

Question 26

Experiments with monkeys suggest that M cells respond to:

A) Line orientation
B) Flicker
C) Colour
D) Size of texture elements

Question 27

To which of the following, do cells in the inter-blob regions of V1 not respond?

A) Colour-defined edges
B) Luminance-defined edges
C) Line orientation
D) Direction of motion

Question 28

After lesions to the parietal lobe, monkeys cannot:

A) Discriminate visually between wooden blocks of different shapes
B) Use a wooden block as a cue to the location of food
C) Discriminate visually between wooden blocks of different colours
D) Remember the colour of a wooden block

Question 29

Object recognition takes place in:

A) The ventral stream
B) The cerebellum
C) The koniocellular layers of the LGN
D) The dorsal stream

Question 30

Newsome and Paré showed that after lesions to V5/MT monkeys showed impairments in:

A) Orientation discrimination
B) Colour discrimination
C) Motion coherence thresholds
D) Size discrimination

Question 31

To what extent is the human eye like a camera?

Question 32

What are the differences between vision using rods and vision using cones?

Question 33

How do the properties of visual neurons change as one moves from retina to extra-striate cortex?

Question 34

What are the differences between the magno-, parvo-, and konio-cellular streams?

Question 35

What are the dorsal and ventral visual streams, and how do their properties differ?