Deck 21: Fisheries and Food From the Sea

Question 1

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Gold
D) Corn-derived ethanol

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Stocks

A) Are used to identify different species
B) Are always genetically identical
C) Are isolated populations of the same species
D) Must be genetically different

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Stock size is usually estimated by means of

A) Scientific surveys of fish populations
B) Theoretical estimates alone
C) Predictions from phytoplankton population size
D) Landings by fishers

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If fishing effort goes up and the landings are the same, then

A) Stock size must have declined
B) Stock size must have increased
C) Stock size may have remained the same
D) The premise of increased effort with similar landings is impossible

Question 5

In fisheries theory, compensation refers to

A) The increase in species when you fish more
B) The decline in a fishery when you impose size limits
C) The decline in fish population growth when fishing increases past an upper threshold
D) A decline of fish population growth at very low density

Question 6

Theoretically, maximum sustainable yield occurs

A) When fishing rate is at a minimum
B) When fishing rate is modest
C) When fishing rate is very high
D) When only the reproductive individuals are fished from the population

Question 7

Fishing for large sharks

A) Results in a trophic cascade with top-down effects
B) Is not a popular fishery
C) Has little effect on open-ocean food webs
D) Has little chance of reducing shark populations

Question 8

Shark populations are especially vulnerable to fishing

A) Because sharks are very delicate creatures
B) Because sharks are often found in very restricted areas
C) Because sharks often have very few young
D) All of the above

Question 9

The original Magnuson Act

A) Strongly reduced fishing by United States coastal fishermen
B) Set up a 200-mile fishing zone for United States fishermen
C) Resulted in large-scale increases of many coastal fish species
D) Has never been renewed

Question 10

Ecosystem-based management

A) Would set an ideal population size of a top predator fish at higher levels than MSY models
B) Takes the same approach as MSY models
C) Is based on the biology of single fishery species
D) All of the above

Question 11

By using an elasticity analysis

A) You can find the interconnectedness of marine populations
B) You can calculate maximum sustainable yield
C) You can calculate the birthrate of a population
D) You can estimate the effect on population growth caused by changing survival of a given age class in a fish species

Question 12

The very act of fishing can greatly alter the environment itself in

A) Purse seining
B) Longlining
C) Bottom trawling
D) Netting

Question 13

A successful approach to keeping a fishery at a constant level of effort and return is

A) A 200-mile limit from shore
B) Individual transferable quotas
C) Blanket quotas on a whole fishery
D) Establishment of more government management commissions

Question 14

Mesh limits are a problem in assigning a sustainable yield

A) Because the mesh size used may trap many other species
B) Because mesh size may be assigned incorrectly to a given age class
C) Larger animals may be able to slip through the flexible mesh
D) All of the above

Question 15

Whale fisheries are especially hard to sustain because

A) Whales have small numbers of young
B) Whales, unlike all other fish, have to be fished one at a time
C) Whales, unlike fish, migrate long distances
D) Whales can be hunted at sea by ships that do not have to return to shore

Question 16

The Blue Whale Unit

A) Is a measure of blue whale size
B) Allows the setting of limits on several species of whales in terms of one species' size
C) Was never adopted by the International Whaling Commission
D) Was a color code for whale identification

Question 17

Why does deforestation hurt salmon fisheries?

A) The logs are thrown into marine waters, which pollutes the habitat for the fish
B) The logs fall into streams, which dams them up
C) The removal of logs encourages erosion, which clogs the fish spawning grounds with mud
D) Deforestation does not harm salmon fisheries

Question 18

Harmful algal blooms

A) Have been on the decline in the past decades
B) Have been increasing in frequency and extent in past decades
C) Are found only in tropical waters
D) Are confined to areas with mussels

Question 19

Why do power plants exert some harm on fisheries?

A) Warm water from cooling waters can cause mortality
B) Fish are caught in intake pipes of water cooling apparatus
C) Both a and b
D) None of the above

Question 20

What group is affected by the parasite MSX?

A) Salmon
B) Oysters
C) Tuna
D) Kelp