Deck 12: Productivity, Food Webs, and Global Climate Change

Question 1

Primary productivity

A) Is always greater than secondary productivity
B) Is always less than secondary productivity
C) Is always completely consumed by higher trophic levels
D) Is all that is needed to calculate secondary productivity

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Food chain efficiency

A) Is always greater, the higher you go in the food chain
B) Is an important determinant of the potential fish production in the sea
C) Is usually greater than 50 percent
D) None of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If the food chain efficiency is 10 percent and we add one trophic level, then

A) Production of the top trophic level will decrease 10 percent
B) Primary production will increase 10 percent
C) Production of the top trophic level will decrease by a factor of 10
D) Production of the top trophic level will increase by a factor of 10

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The largest number of trophic levels

A) Are usually found in upwelling systems
B) Are usually found in the tropical open sea
C) Are usually found in the plankton of estuaries
D) Is theoretically 3

Question 5

Dissolved oxygen is usually measured chemically by

A) The polarographic method
B) Radiometric techniques
C) The Calvin method
D) The Winkler method

Question 6

In the light-dark bottle method, the dark bottle measures

A) The dark cycle of photosynthesis
B) Net photosynthesis
C) Respiration
D) Dissolved carbon excretion

Question 7

The radiocarbon method

A) Seriously overestimates photosynthesis
B) Gives lower estimates of photosynthesis than the oxygen method
C) Cannot be done in the same environment as the oxygen method
D) Can be used to estimate photosynthesis, but only in the dark

Question 8

Current satellite-based estimates of primary production

A) Do not require ground-based validation
B) Are hampered by a lack of a detector in the proper wave length range
C) Apply only to measures in the Pacific, where cloud cover is minimal
D) Must be calibrated by surface validation in local areas of the ocean

Question 9

Upwelling

A) Occurs only near the shores of continents
B) Originates from waters of 100-200 m or less
C) Originates from waters of 1,000 m or less
D) Is constant in given areas, with no reversals

Question 10

Primary production in the sea

A) Is lowest in estuaries
B) Is seasonal only in midlatitudes
C) Is lowest in tropical gyre surface waters
D) Is lowest in fronts off of the shelf-slope break

Question 11

In measures of primary production, respiration

A) Is explained only by animal activity
B) Is about 50 percent of photosynthesis
C) Is about 10 percent of photosynthesis
D) Is nil

Question 12

Carbon dioxide can be stored in deeper oceanic waters because

A) Carbon dioxide is more soluble in colder water
B) In most of the ocean, water sinks, bringing carbon dioxide to great depths
C) There are fewer primary producers, which reduces uptake
D) There are no possible interactions with bacteria at depth

Question 13

Marine snow derives from

A) Interactions of TEP with dead phytoplankton cells
B) Decaying gelatinous zooplankton
C) Sinking plankton
D) All of the above

Question 14

With advancing global warming one expects

A) Decreased stratification in the open sea
B) More upwelling
C) Increased stratification
D) Decreased storm activity

Question 15

Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A) Will result in a reduction of pH in ocean waters
B) Will result in releases of carbon dioxide from surface ocean waters
C) Will result in natural precipitation of nonorganic calcium carbonate in the surface waters
D) All of the above

Question 16

When considering open ocean plankton, an increase in carbon dioxide

A) Will affect diatoms the most
B) Will first affect plankton secreting aragonite
C) Will first affect plankton secreting calcite
D) Will have little effect at higher latitudes