Deck 9: Marine Vertebrates and Other Nekton

Question 1

Cephalopods are capable of avoiding predators by means of

A) Rapid color change
B) Production of clouds of ink
C) Rapid swimming
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Some cephalopods can adjust their position in the water column using a

A) Swim bladder
B) Rete mirabile
C) Salt pump
D) Low-density egg mass

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Chambered nautilus are found

A) Throughout all depths of the ocean
B) Only in benthic environments shallower than 10 meters
C) In water depths no greater than 800 meters
D) Floating at the surface

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The teeth of cartilaginous fishes are

A) Composed of replaceable rows
B) Fixed and fused to the jaw
C) Strongly adapted for piercing prey
D) Few in number

Question 5

Cartilaginous fishes such as sharks and rays

A) Are much more diverse than bony fishes
B) Are much less diverse than bony fishes
C) Live at greater depths than bony fishes
D) Are exclusively carnivores on bony fishes

Question 6

Deep-bodied fishes

A) Usually swim at sustained high velocity
B) Are excellent divers
C) Are well suited to maneuvering
D) Are extremely rare

Question 7

Most bony fish swim continuously

A) By strong movements of the caudal fin
B) By undulations of the entire body
C) By hydro-jet propulsion
D) By contracting a web of surrounding skin

Question 8

Gas exchange into the fish swim bladder is regulated by

A) The gill
B) The retina
C) The hemoglobin in the blood
D) The rete mirabile

Question 9

A fish gill and the rete mirabile are examples of

A) Countercurrent exchangers
B) Sodium excretory pumps
C) Oxygen transport systems
D) Temperature regulatory mechanisms

Question 10

A fish with good maneuverability will likely be

A) A large fast-swimming predator
B) Very elongate
C) Disk shaped
D) Devoid of a swim bladder

Question 11

The lateral line and otolith system both involve use of

A) Chemoreceptors mainly
B) Mechanoreceptors mainly
C) Detection of electrical energy in the water
D) Temperature receptors

Question 12

Bony fish may feed by

A) Suction
B) Ram feeding
C) Chewing with teeth
D) All of the above

Question 13

Fish mainly detect mechanical stimuli from water movement with

A) The lateral line system
B) The otolith
C) Special mechanoreceptors at the end of the tail
D) Vision used to spot water motion

Question 14

Body temperature of fishes

A) Is always above ambient water temperature
B) May be greater than ambient in either the body or part of the brain
C) Is only increased in the body
D) Conforms to water temperature in all fishes

Question 15

Mesopelagic fishes usually have their photophores

A) Concentrated on the dorsal surface
B) All over the body
C) Hidden unless they swim toward the surface
D) Concentrated on the ventral surface

Question 16

Warm-bloodedness in different fishes

A) Evolved only once in an ancestral fish
B) Evolved several times independently
C) Is restricted to one genus
D) Is found mainly in eels

Question 17

A member of the Mysticeti is

A) The Orca
B) The Blue Whale
C) The Australian Fur Seal
D) The Dugong

Question 18

Members of the Odontoceti

A) Suspension feed on krill
B) Sit on the bottom and attack passing sharks
C) Attack prey including fish and smaller marine mammals
D) Lay eggs on the bottom

Question 19

Baleen whales

A) Attack large prey such as seals
B) Generally feed and breed in the same small areas
C) May migrate thousands of kilometers between feeding and breeding areas
D) Never feed on fish

Question 20

Killer whales are known for their

A) Social organization in hunting
B) Sodium excretory pumps
C) Attack of nonschooling fish
D) Hunting in pairs

Question 21

Which of the following probably has the slowest swimming speed?

A) Baleen whales
B) Large sharks
C) Toothed whales
D) Salmon

Question 22

Continuous ram feeders

A) Are never found among the whales
B) Have well-developed anterior heads for attacking prey
C) Have baleen plates and feed by keeping the mouth open while swimming
D) Periodically close the mouth to expel water through the baleen plates

Question 23

Pinnipeds differ from Sirenia in

A) Having hair
B) Lacking hair
C) Being able to dive
D) Being herbivores

Question 24

A member of the Sirenia is

A) The harbor seal
B) The beluga whale
C) The blue whale
D) The manatee

Question 25

Whales have a problem diving because

A) They can hold their breath for very short periods of time
B) They inhale air at the surface at high levels of pressure
C) Upon ascent they may suffer release of gas bubbles in the circulatory system
D) Upon descent they cannot prevent large amounts of carbon dioxide from dissolving in the blood and suffer the bends

Question 26

Sea birds

A) Generally nest in areas with just a few pairs
B) Feed and breed in the same areas
C) Feed only by diving below the surface
D) Are usually monogamous

Question 27

Differences in feeding among shore bird species are

A) Best reflected in differences in diving from the surface
B) Best reflected in differences in beak morphology
C) Nonexistent
D) Present, but only in the breeding grounds

Question 28

Eared seals

A) Never touch shore, breeding at sea
B) Have flippers that are only adapted to swimming
C) Have paddle-like hind flippers that can be rotated forward for movement on land
D) Are only found in the southern hemisphere

Question 29

Sea turtles

A) Feed and reproduce in the same areas
B) Lay eggs underwater
C) Are all carnivorous
D) Migrate often thousands of kilometers between egg-laying and feeding areas